2016 Rice Production Update. Chuck Wilson Professor and Director, Rice Research and Extension Center

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1 2016 Rice Production Update Chuck Wilson Professor and Director, Rice Research and Extension Center

2 Rice Weed Control Highlights Barnyardgrass populations Command, Facet, and ALS resistant ALS resistance in sedges continues to grow RiceBeaux FB Basagran + Propanil, and/or 2,4-D midseason Sharpen fair on annual sedge-small New tools on the way: Rogue, benzobicyclon Loyant, New dow compound, Rinskor technology Provisia Others Money tight in 2016 Good PRE and Flush, Command + Facet Check fields for resistant barnyardgrass Do not experiment with your money on sedge or anything else

3 Grass Herbicides Labeled in MidSouth Rice with Barnyardgrass resistance Clincher, Ricestar, Provisia* (1) Newpath, Beyond, Regiment, Grasp (2) Prowl (3) Facet (4) Propanil (7) Bolero (8) Command (13)

4 ALS-Resistant sedge facts See fact sheet FS 2173 Herbicide option: RiceBeaux fb Basagran + COC or Propanil, or Basagran + 4 quarts Propanil, Sharpen early is pretty good, 2,4-D mid-season. Umbrella sedge tolerant to ALS herbicides A point mutation has been identified in the ALSresistant biotype of yellow nutsedge, rice flatsedge, and smallflower umbrella sedge. The ALS-resistant yellow nutsedge may be a hybrid with purple nutsedge based on root, rhizome, and tuber morphology.

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6 % Stand Increase Above UTC Rice IST s vs. UTC ( ) 201 Observations Average Stand Increase of 14.5%

7 Yield (bu/acre above the UTC) 25 Rice IST s vs. UTC ( ) Breakeven cost of treatment Chance of Yield Increase: 80% Mean Yield Increase: 8.33 bu/acre 201

8 Added Benefit of Insecticide Seed Treatments Insecticide ST Roundup at 4 oz/a Fungicide ST only Roundup at 4 oz/a

9 Insecticide ST Newpath at 0.5 oz/a Fungicide ST only Newpath at 0.5 oz/a

10 Summary Treat the seed! Choose ISTs wisely Provide similar benefits, BUT Each has optimum use Dermacor Armyworm, RWW, typically flush CruiserMaxx Rice or NipsIt INSIDE GC

11 Rice Stink Bug Careful monitoring needed to avoid problems

12 Percentage of Kernels Damaged at Selected Stink Bug Levels and Growth Stages Stink Bugs / Cage % Damaged Kernels at Each Stage Bloom Milk Soft Dough Hard Dough Bottom line: Based on preliminary data, we are correct in not reducing threshold as in MS & LA If we were to change, we would increase number of RSB, not lower Repeat study in 2015 to solidify findings

13 Time of day Technique Insecticide selection Sampling and control

14 Sampling for Rice Stink Bugs Sample field edges and field interior Sample once or twice a week for at least 4 weeks after 75% heading Best times to sample are between 8 and 11 a.m. and between 6 and 8 p.m. Samples taken between 11 a.m. and 5 p.m. will have 40 to 60% less than at other times On overcast days, sample anytime

15 Thresholds for Rice Stink Bugs For weeks 1 and 2 after 75% heading, treat if sampling gives an average of 5 bugs (adults and nymphs) per 10 sweeps For weeks 3 and 4 after 75% heading, treat if sampling gives an average of 10 bugs (adults and nymphs) per 10 sweeps

16 Rice Stink Bugs Must scout on a regular basis (weekly) Evaluate control 4-5 days post application 2 apps may be req d if populations are high Avoid stink bugs as possible- don t be first and don t be last Results of our studies in 2014 and 2015 indicate our threshold is right

17 2015 Review Threw the steering wheel out the window early in the year Low prices minimized inputs Weather cold and wet again. Rollercoaster yields Better to be late than early!?

18 2015 Review Yield Acreage Clearfield Hybrid

19 Summary of Arkansas Rice Cultivar Distribution, Variety % of Acres CL Hybrids Conv. Hybrids CL Varieties Jupiter Roy J LaKast Mermentau Wells Francis Taggart CL261 / Others

20 Bird Damage AV-1011 / Avian Control

21 Hydrogen Sulfide Toxicity DD50 Drain?

22 Variety ARPT Grain Yield (bu/a) , Conv. Varieties Grain Type 50% Hdg MEAN Diamond L Roy J L Taggart L LaKast L Wells L Mermentau L Antonio L Titan M Caffey M Jupiter M MM14 M

23 Diamond Foundation seed available Conventional long-grain 65 lbs/acre optimum seeding rate 81 days to heading Disease: Blast S Sheath Blight S Smuts S / VS BPB MS Most promising release in many years; represents major yield jump

24 Titan Foundation seed available Conventional medium-grain 79 lbs/acre optimum seeding rate 77 days to heading Disease: Sheath Blight MS Blast MS BPB S Competes with Jupiter Grain quality drives demand?

25 Percent of Optimum Yield 2015 Variety x Seeding Rate May 6, SL June 5, SL May 4, Clay

26 Midseason N Must meet two conditions: At least 3 weeks after preflood N incorporated with flood Crop past green ring (BIE) If applied earlier grower WILL NOT get full benefit of midseason N app In some cases, significantly less benefit than optimum

27 Grain Yield (bu/a) Midseason N Based on Days After PFN Days After Preflood N

28 Grain Yield (bu/a) Midseason N Based on Timing After BIE D C BC AB A A None BIE BIE+7d BIE+14d BIE+21d SPF

29 Phosphorus 200 bu/a crop removes 60 lbs of P ($36) Soil-test level Old P thresholds New P thresholds ph < 6.5 ph > 6.5 Ppm Ppm lbs P 2 O 5 / acre Very Low Low Medium Optimum Above Optimum >50 >50 0 0

30 Yield (bu/a) N Rate x Seeding Rate LaKast May 15 *NS by Seeding Rate *No interaction for SRxNR plants/ft 2 22 plants/ft 2 34 plants/ft 2

31 Yield (bu/a) Continuous Flood vs. Spoon-Feed CF SP CF SP CF SP CF SP

32 Effects of Delayed N LaKast RREC; May 15 Final DD d P< At Flood 7-8 d Final DD d Final DD d Final DD d Final DD d 2-Way Split Single Preflood No N Grain Yield (bu/a)

33 RICESEED

34 Rice Farming for Profit Cultivar selection pick & pay for what you need Seeding Rates don t skimp Replants are expensive Uneven stands rob yields Seed Treatments Fungicides cheap insurance Insecticides increased plant stand & vigor 80% chance of positive net return Herbicides Timing is money! Nitrogen Single preflood if conditions allow **Midseason N Timing changes** Disease management Pick right cultivars Spray on time or wasted your money!

35 2016 Planning Nowhere to go but up??? Don t change practices based on 2015 results! Acreage going back up? Continue to plant early! (if possible) Focus on economic bottom line not just yield!

36 Questions