Historical Background

Transcription

1 Fifth Meeting of ICAC s Asian Cotton R&D Network Cotton Research & Development Programme in Pakistan Muhammad Arshad (Vice-President) Historical Background 5000 BC Desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum) 1905 Research on American upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) 1914 Upland cotton cultivation started 2009 Upland cotton grown on 99% area Pakistan Central Cotton Committee Ministry of Food & Agriculture February, 2011 Economic Significance of Cotton Cotton Map of Pakistan China Disputed Territory Ø Value Addition in Agri. 8.6% Ø Employment 40% Ø Export/Forex 60% Punjab : 70 % Sindh : 30 % Afghanistan Ø Source of Edible Oil 64% Iran India Arabian Sea Cotton and Textiles Growth Pattern Factors Increase (Million-hectares) % Production (Million-bales) % Yield (Kg/hectare) % Number of Ginneries % Number of Textile Mills % Mill Consumption (Mill-bales) % Yarn Production (Million-Kg) % Cloth Production (Mill.Sq.M) % Pakistan s Position in the World of Cotton s Percent Rank Production th Consumption rd Yarn Production rd Yarn Export nd Cloth Production rd Cloth Export rd Source: International Cotton Advisory Committee, Washington D.C., USA 1

2 Cotton Production Scenario Cotton Research System of Pakistan Production (M. Bales) Ø A. Public Sector Federal & Provincial government Ø B. Private Sector Multinational & National Companies A. Federal Cotton R&D Organisations: 1. Pakistan Central Cotton Committee (PCCC): CCRI: Multan & Sakrand CRS: Sahiwal & Bahawalpur, Ghotki & Mirpurkhas, D.I.Khan, Sibbi 2. Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC): Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Punjab National Institute for Biotec. & Gen. Eng. (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab Nuclear Institute for Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam Cotton Research System of Pakistan (2) Cotton Production Target in Pakistan Provincial Governments: CRI: AARI, Faisalabad CRS: Vehari, Multan & R.Y.Khan Centre of Excellence for Molecular Biotechnology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Cotton Section, ARI, Tandojam, Sindh Sindh University of Agriculture, Tandojam Cotton Section, ARI, D.I.Khan, KPK Cotton Section, ARI, Quetta, Balochistan (Ml. ha.) Production (Ml. bales) Yield (Kg/ha.) Punjab Sindh NWFP Balochistan Pakistan Cotton Production in Pakistan Punjab (Ml. ha.) Production (Ml. bales) Yield (Kg/ha.) Co*on Flood Damages Sown Damaged Percentage (Million acres) (%) Total Losses ($Million) Punjab % Sindh % Sindh Pakistan KPK B.tan % 2.30 Pakistan %

3 Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCV) Incidence 2010 s Incidence Level Punjab Multan, Shuja Abad, Jalalpur P.W., Vehari, Mailsi, 100 % Burewala, Pak Patten, Arifwala, Jhang, Shorkot, T.T. Singh, Gojra, Kamalia Kabirwala, Bahawalnagar, Chishtian, 80~90 % Lodhran, Dunya Pur, Kehror Pacca, Chichawatni, Okara, 60~80 % Depalpur, Hasilpur,, Sumandri, Fasialabad Bahawalpur, Haroonabad, Fort Abbas, Mianwali Patches Sindh Hyderabad, Therparker, Mirpurkhas and Umerkot, Ghotki, Patches Hala KPK D.I.Khan, Kohat Patches B.tan Sibbi, Khuzdar, Lasbela Patches Cotton Pests Situation in Punjab Sr. Pest Percent Hot Spots Whitefly Jassid Thrips Mealybug Mites Spotted Bollworm Pink Bollworm American Bollworm Armyworm Source: Weekly Pest Scouting Report for the 4 th week of October 2010 (PWQC, Lahore) National Cotton Variety Evaluation System of PCCC Name of Trial No.of entries National Coordinated Varietal Trials (NCVT) 20 National Coordinated Bt Cotton Trials (NCBT) 26 National Coordinated Bt Hybrid Cotton Trials (NCHBT) 5 Recommended Varieties ConvenNonal Bt Punjab CIM- 496, CIM- 506, CIM- 473, CIM- 499, MNH- 786, CRSM- 38, NIAB- 846, NIAB- 777, BH- 160 FH- 113, Neelum- 121, Sitaara- 008, MG- 6, Ali- Akbar- 703, Ali- Akbar- 802, NIBGE- IR- 1524, NIBGE- IR- 3701, GN National Coordinated Bt Hybrid Cotton Trials with Bollgard-II technology (NCHBT-II) Monsanto Hybrids Total entries 60 Number of Locations 17 Cotton Travelling Seminar 9 Punjab & Sindh Sindh CRIS- 134, CRIS- 121 CRIS- 342, CIM- 496, CIM- 534, Sindh- 1, Sadori, NIAB- 78, BH- 160 FH- 113, IR FH- 901, Neelum- 121, Sitaara- 008, MG- 6, Ali- Akbar- 703, Ali- Akbar- 802, IR- 1524, IR Cotton Variety Evaluation Committee (VEC) Recommendations to provinces Cotton Research Priorities Ø Control of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCV) through breeding and crop management Ø Development of commercial cotton hybrids Ø Development of Genetically Modified cotton Ø Development of Heat, Insect, Salinity & Drought resistant/tolerant Ø Development of early maturing varieties Ø Evolution of long and extra long staple cotton varieties Ø Focus on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Ø Promotion of Organic Cotton Ø Up gradation of research system at federal and provincial level COTTON VISION-2015 Production of 19.1 million bales of cotton by the year 2015, to become a key force in worldwide cotton and textile market place with high production of contamination free, uniform and graded cotton 3

4 Target Co*on Vision Sr Parameters Increase (%) 1 Cotton Production (Million Bales) Roadmap to Cotton Vision 2015 > 19.1 MB 40-60% 30-50% 2-10% 0-5% % 2 Lint Yield (Kg/hectare) 3 Mill Consumption (Million Bales) 4 Improved Yarn Recovery Rate* (Percent) MB 100% Germplasm Improvement Farm/Crop Management of Impact Land Gain Post harvest losses *by clean/contamination free cotton Current Status-2010 Targets 2015 Challenges Experienced Climate change effects Continuous infestation of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Emergence of Cotton Mealy bug during damaged cotton crop to the tune of around 2 million bales Introduction of Bt cotton Lack of Plant breeders rights Cotton zoning issues Cotton quality issues Achievements Sustained cotton production around 12 million bales despite various calamities Commercialization of improved conventional varieties Commercialization of Bt varieties MOUs with Monsanto and other agencies for the development of Bt cotton varieties Quality seed increased Managed Cotton Mealy bug through biological control Propagated IPM through skill development Mass awareness for clean picking Strengthening of cotton R&D infrastructure at federal and provincial levels Future Prospects Mass cultivation of approved Bt cotton - enhanced cotton productivity and reduced pesticides Strengthening of varietal development programmes using conventional and biotech techniques Capacity building in cotton biotechnology Cotton R&D projects to address special issues Acquisition of next generation Bt technology Cotton promotion in new areas of Baluchistan, Punjab and KPK Strengthening of PCCC Promotion of private sector: P-P Partnership Cotton Market Prices Sr Market Particulars Current Prices 1 Cotlook Index (A-Index) Last Year New York Futures March May China Cotton Index Yuan/Mt ,892 4 Karachi Cotton Association (Spot Rate) Ex-Gin Price Cents/lb Rs/40kg 12,646 5,358 Rs/Maund 11,500 5,000 Cents/lb Domestic Seed Cotton (Phutti) Prices = /40kg vs (Last Year) * Source: PCCC, Karachi 24 4

5 Primarily U.S.A. Pak-US CLCV Initiatives Primarily Pakistani Primarily joint Tools to battle CLCuV Integration of resistance into cultivars Within Pakistan Thanks Testing transgenic control approaches Mapping and DNA marker development Screening mapping populations Development of Identify new disease mapping resistant lines populations Improved methods for CLCuV monitoring Adapt and implement new CLCuV monitoring methods Monitoring for changes in CLCuV and identification of key regions Sentinel screening plots Improved integrated and collaborative operational structure between Pakistani agencies Improved institutional structure and capacity Human resource development Improve capacity of technical experts Seed increase of germplasm Provide start for Pakistani in situ germplasm collection Research Components Trainings, workshops Capacity Development 5