Aquatic Vegetation ID & Management

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1 Aquatic Vegetation Management AquaPlant Website - Aquatic Vegetation ID & Management Todd D. Sink, Ph.D. Assistant Professor & Fisheries Extension Specialist Department of Wildlife & Fisheries Sciences Improving Lives. Improving Texas. Pond Management Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Aquaculture, Fisheries, & Pond Management Website - Management Apps 1

2 Aquatic Plants First critical step. Identification Algae primitive, non seed bearing plants & no roots, stems, or true leaves Floating all parts of plant floats Submerged mostly underwater, rooted with flaccid stems Emergent stiff or rigid stems with parts standing above the surface Algae Planktonic microscopic floating Filamentous stringy or hair like Macro algae (look like plants) Chara Nitella #1 Filamentous Algae - hinders recreational activities Chelated copper complexes, diquat, or Copper sulfate Mozambique tilapia Chara skunk grass Chelated copper complexes or copper sulfate 2

3 Floating Plants Duckweeds Watermeal Mosquito fern (Azolla) Salvinia common & giant Water lettuce Water hyacinth Duckweed & Watermeal Carfentrazone, fluridone, flumioxazin, or penoxsulam all $$$$ Tilapia and ducks but have other issues Azolla or Mosquito Fern Carfentrazone, diquat, fluridone, flumioxazin, penoxsulam, tilapia Water Hyacinth Diquat, imazamox, imazapyr, or penoxsulam Manual removal Increased water loss of % Non native 3

4 Coontail Eelgrass Egeria Elodea Fanwort Hydrilla Bushy Pondweed (Southern Naiad) Parrotfeather Submerged Plants American pondweed Bladderwort Curly leaf Pondweed Illinois Pondweed Sago Pondweed Variable leaf Pondweed Eurasian Watermilfoil Variable leaf Watermilfoil Submerged Plants can be Confusing Egeria Elodea Hydrilla Hydrilla common Egeria & Elodea not so much Do not rake or cut! If unsure diquat, endothall, fluridone, or penoxsulam kill them all. Grass Carp - E Hydrilla Elodea Egeria If unsure diquat, endothall, fluridone, or penoxsulam kill them all. Grass Carp - E Diquat, endothall, fluridone, flumioxazin Grass carp F-G No raking or cutting! Seeds & Fruiting Bodies Coontail 4

5 Southern naiad (bushy pondweed) Diquat, endothall, fluridone, glyphosate Grass carp - E Native, good fish habitat can become problematic Diquat, endothall, fluridone, imazamox Grass carp - E Submerged Vegetation & Treatment Issues 8 14 tons aquatic vegetation/acre (4 6 deep) Must be careful with contact herbicide treatments! Tons of rotting vegetation depletes dissolved oxygen & causes fish kills! No more than 25 30% of pond Not so with systemic herbicides Arrowhead Buttonbush Cattail Common Reed Giant Reed Horsetail Lizard s tail Pickerelweed Rushes & Sedges Emergent Plants Smartweed Southern watergrass Torpedograss Waterleaf Waterlilies Water Pennywort Water Primrose Water Shield Willow 5

6 Non-Native Alligatorweed Flea Beatle Imazapyr or triclopyr Water Primrose #2 Glyphosate, imazamox, imazapyr, or mowing Alligatorweed Land Water Water Lilies Cattail White or Fragrant Banana or Floating Hearts Increase water evaporation 75-80% Glyphosate, imazamox, or imazapyr Yellow or Mexican Lily Spatterdock or Cow Lily 6

7 American Lotus Floating Hearts Spatterdock Rushes are round & sedges have edges Glyphosate Water Shield Mexican water lily White water lily Water lilies, lotus, & spatterdock fluridone, imazamox, imazapyr, or glyphosate Arundo donax or Giant Reed Imazapyr, triclopyr, glyphosate, or imazamox then burn Willow 120,000 Annual Water Use 100,000 80,000 Acre-ft 60,000 40,000 20, % increased evaporation 0 Native Arundo Dam destroyer Glyphosate, imazapyr, triclopyr, or removal 7

8 Tools for Aquatic Plant Managers Prevention physical Integrated control methods Herbivores Insect biocontrol agents* Mechanical control Herbicides Deepen edges 2.5 to 3 feet Grass carp 5/acre Prevention Fertilization prevent rooted plants from establishing by shading bottom & creates strong food chain Dyes shades like fertilization, but no food chain enhancement 8