Implementation of Tier 1 for Mineral Soil under Cropland and Grassland in EU MS

Transcription

1 Implementation of Tier 1 for Mineral Soil under Cropland and Grassland in EU MS IPCC Tier 1 Approach Roland Hiederer, Raul Abad-Viñas, Viorel Blujdea, Giacomo Grassi European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra Arona, 06. November, 2013 Land Use and Management Categories Cropland Management (CM) System of practices on land on which agricultural crops are grown and on land temporarily set-aside from crop production. Includes arable and tillable land, rice fields, and agro-forestry systems * : Long-term cultivated (annual crops) cereals, oils seeds, vegetables, root crops, forages Paddy rice (wetland rice) Perennial / tree crops trees & shrubs with herbaceous crops, orchards, vineyards and plantations Set-aside (temporary fallow land) land set at rest for one or several (<20) years before being cultivated again * from: 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Chapter 5.1 1

2 Land Use and Management Categories Grassland Management (GM) System of practices on land used for livestock production aimed at manipulating the amount and type of vegetation and livestock produced. Generally has vegetation dominated by perennial grasses * : Extensively managed rangelands and savannahs animal stocking rates and fire regimes are main management variables Intensively managed continuous pasture with fertilization, irrigation, species changes Hay land (meadows) * from: 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Chapter 6 IPCC Tier Levels Tier 1 Changes in C-stocks are based on C-stock after a change in land management relative to the reference condition. Changes are computed over inventory time period. Tier 2 Extension of Tier 1 allowing country-specific data. Using default equations for mineral and organic soils. Tier 3 Advanced estimation system (model) capturing annual variability in fluxes. May include estimates of changes in irganic C pools. from: 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2

3 IPCC Tier 1 Tier 1 method employs basic method and default emission factors provided in the IPCC Guidelines *. Tier 1 method usually uses activity data that are spatially coarse, such as nationally or globally available estimates of deforestation rates, agricultural production statistics, and global land cover maps. * from: IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF, Box Tier 1 Method: Annual Changes in Soil C-Stock - C Soil C Soil = C Mineral - L Organic + C Irganic Tier 3 Annual change in organic carbon stocks in mineral soils: SOC SOC D 0 0T CMineral where SOC t c, s. i SOC SOC 0 SOC 0-T T D A EF c,s,i REFc, s F LU c, s, i F MGc, s, i F Ic, s, i A Annual loss of carbon from drained organic soils: L c, s, i soil organic carbon stock in the last year of an inventory time period soil organic carbon stock at the beginning of an inventory time period number of year over inventory period; T is used instead of D if T 20 years default time period for transition to equilibrium (20 years) land area of stratum defined by climate, soil and management history emission factor climate type c climate region (c), soil type (s), management system (i) Organic A EF c c 3

4 Tier 1 Method C Mineral Default Reference Soil Organic C-Stock - SOC REF Climate Re gion Boreal Cold temperate Warm temperate Tropical Soil Typ e wet montaine HAC LAC Sa nd y Sp od ic Vulc a nic Wetla nd after: Table IPCC Guidelines for NGHG Inventories Tier 1 Method C Mineral Land Use System Factors F LUS F LU,, F I Default SOC-Stock -1 t C ha in 0-30cm Grassland Cropland Land Use System Factor F LUS : F LU * F MG * FIN F LU Land Use - Long-term cultivated - Wetland rice (paddy) - Perennial / tree crop - Set-aside (< 20 yrs) Management - Improved - Nominal/n-deg. - Mod. degraded - Sev. degraded - Full tillage - Reduced tillage - No tillage - - High F IN Inputs - Low - - High, manure - High, with manure + - System SOC-Stock 4

5 Tier 1 Method C Mineral Land Use System Factor F LUS F LU,, F I Factor type Le vel Climate Region IPCC default Land Use F LU Tillage Long-term cultivated Paddy rice Perennial tree crop Set-aside (< 20 yrs) Full Reduced No-till Boreal Cold temperate Warm temperate F LU Input F I Lo w High without manure Tropical wet montaine 1.00 F I High with manure after: Table IPCC Guidelines for NGHG Inventories FLUS(a) = FLU * FMG * FI = * * = FLUS(a+ 20) = FLU * FMG * FI = * * = Tier 1 Implementation SOC REF Soil Type IPCC Soil Type Organic Sandy Soils Wetland Soils Volcanic Soils Spodic Soils High Activity Clay Soils Low Activity Clay Soils 5

6 Tier 1 Implementation SOC REF Climate Region IPCC Climate Region Tropical Wet Tropical Moist Tropical Dry Tropical Montane Warm Temp. Moist Warm Temp. Dry Cool Temp. Moist Cool Temp. Dry Boreal Moist Boreal Dry Polar Moist Polar Dry Tier 1 Implementation SOC REF Default Reference Soil Organic C-Stock Default C-Stock ( t C ha -1 ) < > 120 6

7 FLU FMG FI Tier 1 Implementation F LUS Cropland: Land Use and Cover Cropland Management Input Factor (F I) adapted classification scheme from Figure Agro-forestry areas 211 Non-irrigates arable land 212 Permanently irrigated land 241 Annual crops assoc. with perm. crops 242 Complex cultivation pattern 243 Land principally occupied by agriculture 213 Rice fields 221 Vineyards 222 Fruit trees and berry plantations 223 Olive groves Perennial Cover Annual Crop Wetland rice paddy Perennial Crop W oody perennial cover Crop residues Organic removed or amendments burnt Pracrice Low residue increasing C crops or rotation input above low with bare fallow residue Low Low varieties EUROSTAT Regional Statistics (agr_r) Set-aside < 20 years For example - cotton, - vegetables, - tobacco. N-m in fertiliser or N-fixing crop Organic amendments High with org amendm ents For example - organic amendm ents, - cover crops/green manures, - mixed crop/grass system s. For example - irrigation, - cover crops/green manures, - vegetated fallows, - high residue yielding crops, Pracrice increasing C input by enhancing residues Pracrice increasing C input by enhancing residues High without org. amendm ents - mixed crop/grass system s. Low Tier 1 Implementation F LUS Cropland: Cropland Management LAND USE MANAGEMT INPUT FACTORS Long-term Cultivated Full Tillage substantial soil disturbance with full inversion and/or frequent (within year) tillage operations. At planting time, little (e.g. less than 30%) of the surface is covered by residues. quantified classification scheme Low High without manure removal of residues (via collection or burning), frequent bare-fallowing or production of crops yielding low residues (e.g. vegetables, tobacco, cotton) N TOTAL < 60 kg/ha Low residue yield N MANURE Green maize > 50% < 100 kg/ha significantly greater crop residue inputs due to production of high residue yielding crops, use of green manures, cover crops, improved vegetated fallows, frequent use of perennial grasses in annual crop rotations, but without manure applied High residue yield > 60 kg/ha N MANURE < 60 kg/ha High with manure rotations have high input of crop residues as in "high input without manure" (above), together with regular additions of animal manure High residue yield > 60 kg/ha N MANURE > 60 kg/ha annual cropping with cereals where all crop residues are returned to the field. If residues are removed then supplemental organic matter (e.g. manure) is added. NOT High OR Low Reduced Tillage substantial soil disturbance with full inversion and/or frequent (within year) tillage operations. At planting time, little (e.g. less than 30%) of the surface is covered by residues. No Tillage primary and/or secondary tillage but with reduced soil disturbance (usually shallow and without full soil inversion). Normally leaves surface with greater than 30% coverage by residues at planting. Wetland Rice (paddy) Perennial / tree crop Set-aside (< 20 years) 7

8 Nominal / n-degraded characterized by major long-term loss of productivity and vegetation cover, due to severe mechanical damage to the vegetation and/or severe soil erosion High Intensive Intensive Intensive Moderate-intensive Moderate-intensive Moderate-intensive IRRIGATED Large-scale > 60 kg/ha Forage Crops > 20% IRRIGATED Large-scale N TOTAL > 120 kg/ha Forage Crops > 33% NOT (Degraded OR Improved) ECO ZONE Desert ECO ZONE Dry ARIDITY INDEX AI < 0.5 LAND COVER Sparsly vegetated ECO ZONE Desert ECO ZONE Dry ARIDITY INDEX AI < 0.5 LAND COVER Sparsly vegetated Forage Crops > 20% ARIDITY INDEX AI < 0.5 IRRIGATED Area < 1% IRRIGATED Area < 1% TAWC < 100 mm overgrazed or moderately degraded grasslands, with somewhat reduced productivity (relative to the native or minally managed grasslands) and receiving management inputs sustainably managed with moderate grazing pressure and that receive at least one improvement (e.g. fertilization, species improvement, irrigation) improved, but without additional management inputs < 30 kg/ha < 30 kg/ha TAWC < 100 mm one or more additional management inputs/improvements have been used (beyond that required to be classified as improved grassland) n-degraded and sustainably managed grasslands, but without significant management improvements Tier 1 Implementation F LUS Grassland: Grassland Management F LU LAND USE MANAGEMT F I INPUT FACTORS quantified classification scheme Grassland Severly degraded Moderately degraded Improved Data Concerns Base Year Land Use Category in reference year 1990 uncertain. Stability of status in reference year. Tier Land Use System IPCC Land Use Categories mixed with types of land cover. and F I are main source of C-stock changes on CC. Associated Areas Area from statistics based on administrative units. Aggregation unit (field or stratum of management system). 8