International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security (ICCIAFES) Conference Synthesis

Transcription

1 International Conference on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation for Food and Environmental Security (ICCIAFES) Conference Synthesis

2 The biggest challenge facing human civilization today A rising perfect storm

3 Rockström et al. (2009) Nature Representation of the safe operating space for the key planetary systems that provide for global environmental stability.

4 Rationale for for ICCIAFES Most CC researches are fragmented conducted by different countries, disciplines and sectors; There is much opportunity for multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary approaches; There is need to promote integrative partnerships that can lead to convergence of ideas for holistic solutions to reduce the adverse impacts of CC on food and environmental security.

5 Objectives of Conference Main Goal: To bring together researchers, academicians, policy makers and planners, development workers, NGOs and other professionals in discussion forum for - the exchange and updating of information; - the integrating and forging of linkages towards enhanced capacity to achieve food security and environmental sustainability.

6 Specific Objectives To update and exchange knowledge on CC science, adaptation strategies, DRR, CRM, CCA planning and management, vulnerability and impacts assessment tools; To gather scientific information and experiences into an integrative body of knowledge, and to identify gaps;

7 Specific Objectives (2) (2) To identify location-specific knowledge and CCA strategies which may be upscaled to other regions; To further promote partnerships and linkages among different sectors for exchange of information and expertise in forging collaborative activities on CCA.

8 Presentations Keynote Paper: Food Security and Climate Change Impacts on Urban-Rural Linkages (Dr. Paul Teng) Food Security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life (UN FAO.)

9 (Teng, 2012) Other Uses Trade Inputs Biofuels 1b.Availability (Food Supply) Production, Imports Stockpiles 1a. Availability (Primary Production) Crops/Animals Labor Animal Feed Land Water 2. Access to Food (Market Supply Chain) Sunshine Fragility of Agro-ecosystems Climate Change Competition for Land Changing Demographics (e.g. fewer/ageing farmers) Aquaculture Distribution Processing/ Distribution Losses Science/ Technology Poultry Mammals Fish Demand for Food Population Increases Diet Diversification Lifestyle Changes Urbanization Capture 3. Access to Food (Income) Urban Food Security 4. Utility Safety/Quality/ Nutritive Value Natural Ecosystems Household Food Security 4 Dimensional Food Security Conceptual Model

10 Plenary 1: Status, Prospects and Practices Presentations for CCA in Agriculture ICRISAT R&D works on climate change adaptation in the semi-arid tropics, highlighting the advances done on food crops, other than rice, for smallholders farmers of this region to ensure food security, which can be updacled to other rainfed regions in Asia, Africa and South America (Dr. William Dar) An innovative approach to transfer agricultural knowledge and information to info-disadvantaged farmers through a Youth Mediated Communication (Dr. Ninomiya)

11 Plenary 2: Regional Presentations and South-South Collaboration in Research and Development Production should be connected to conservation; and called for a south-south collaboration on the identification, promotion and use of highly promising crops of high nutritional values not only for a well balanced diet but to adapt to climate changes (Dr. Reinhold Mushler) Discussed the platform for collaboration in the form of Asian University Network for Environment and Disaster Management in education and research a multi level, multidimensional partnerships, enhance intellectual collaborations (Dr. Juan Pulhin)

12 Topic Climate change impacts and vulnerability Climate Change Adaptation and Agriculture Institutional and Economic Aspects of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Systems and Tools for Analyzing Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerability Total 44 Number of accepted papers for presentation 13 Canada Italy Vietnam Philippines Nigeria Nepal Fiji Timor Leste Lao PDR 11 Vietnam Philippines Fiji islands Egypt Pakistan Costa Rica Sri Lanka India 13 Nepal Vietnam Philippines Bangladesh Thailand Zimbabwe India 7 Philippines Kenya Germany Country where the studies originated

13 Parallel Session 1A CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND VULNERABILITY The papers presented in this session mainly discussed climate change impacts and vulnerabilities in various scales from regional, country, province, community and household level dealing with spatial and social dimensions Based on the presentations, the impacts of climate change vary from changes in crop and timber yields (agroforestry systems), warming or temperature increase (worldwide and at the regional level), community and household vulnerability levels as a function of adaptive capacities, spatial location and exposure to hazards and sensitivities (social characteristics and infrastructure/facilities) Policy recommendations and technology options are needed in reducing vulnerabilities and impacts of climate changes as well as to improve resiliency of the region, country, community and household

14 Parallel Session 1B: Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerability The session discussed impacts of climate change on various ecosystems: marine, forest and grassland. With this, it also pointed out impacts on the livelihood of communities living within these ecosystems, particularly fisheries production and pastoralism. The vulnerable communities were also identified, based on their location, and the difference in the biophysical and climatic conditions of these areas.

15 Parallel Session 1C CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND VULNERABILITY The papers presented in the session focused on the impacts of climate change to food production, particularly rice and corn in the regional and household levels for the Philippines, Timor Leste and Lao PDR in particular. Potential impacts on rice yields were analyzed using new methodologies such as the use of Statistical Downscale Modeling or SDSM, Dynamical Downscaling using Providing Regional Climate for Impact Studies (PRECIS) and Crop Simulation Modelling using Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT). Several recommendations were raised by each presentation ranging from alternative farming practices (i.e. adjustment of cropping calendar, use of appropriate crop varieties), policy development (centralized government food reserves) to increasing food diversity and nutritional security.

16 Parallel Session 2a: Climate Change Adaptation and Agriculture Include technological and socio-economic and even cultural aspects in climate change mitigation for crop production For sustainable and long-term changes, engage in participatory process (needs analysis and monitoring & evaluation) that involve the community, community leaders, women and children and other stakeholders in needs analysis and in developing measures to solve their problems related to climate change (e.g., organic vegetable and fruit production in the Solomon Islands) Value local and indigenous knowledge Experiential learning and adult education are important processes Inculcate a sense of ownership by counterparting with the community involved Build on institutional partnership or collaboration with other stakeholders

17 Parallel Session 2C CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND AGRICULTURE Array of methodologies and practice on climate change adaptation in agriculture ranging from genetic level to community level, from highly experimental methods to more participatory ones Importance of examining local contexts and experiences, particularly considering 1) participation of stakeholders including indigenous commsession showed evidences of changing climatic conditions and various forms of immediate and cascading impacts of CC unities, and 2) traditional social arrangements highlighting sustainable social and ecological interrelationships

18 Parallel Session 3A Institutional and Economic Aspects of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Methods: combination of social (farmer behavior regarding risk attitude towards flooding) and technical methods (economic aspects) VAST-Agro (Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity Assessment for Different Agroecosystems), a vulnerability assessment methodology for agriculture Empirical findings: Development of CAPA (Community Adaptation Plans and Action) by community members themselves LAPA to NAPA farmers are risk neutral or risk averse but underestimate the probability of flooding; farmers subjective rating of flooding is higher than the objective or actual flooding measurements funding is available for CCA and mitigation from the Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund

19 PARALLEL SESSSION 3B Institutional and Economic Aspects of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Economic loss is a consequence of climate change and there is need to characterize the nature and magnitude of these losses across various household income groups in order to respond accordingly in terms of appropriate policies; developing or improving methodology for such analysis will be useful Policy makers need to ground the development of policies based on evidence; thus,opportunities and constraints of policymakers in doing so is crucial particularly the limitations posed by infrastructure (internet connectivity in particular); knowledge and attitudes Existing technologies like Rural Communications Services (RCS) are available to usher support for CC policy support is needed to widen application and induce budget support for such technologies The complex regime of Intellectual property rights can pose constraints to the access and use of technologies for climate adaptations and will have to be studied more

20 Parallel Session 3C Institutional and Economic Aspects of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation The session covered papers on vulnerability assessments and economic analysis of adaptation strategies. Various methodologies were utilized such as the Vulnerability Expected Poverty Approach (VPE), the AMICAF Framework and a risk-based Cost- Benefit Analysis (CBA). Such frameworks and approaches can be further developed and tailored fit on local conditions of a number of countries in Asia for a wider and integrated analysis in a way that could effect policy concerns.

21 Parallel Session 4A: Systems and Tools for Analyzing Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerability The session identified various tools to qualify and quantify impacts of climate change: partipatory rural appraisal (PRA), low-cost remote sensing technology for monitoring spatial and temporal patterns, use of a general equilibrium model to analyze the potential impacts on the agricultural sector.

22 Parallel Session 4B: Systems and Tools for Analyzing Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerability Various models were presented in the session, all devoted to the prediction of future climate scenarios, to aid in the adaptation of vulnerable communities. Through these models, policy recommendations on the issues and concerns of the agricultural sector were formulated. The session emphasized the importance of adjusting the global/regional data to a scale that would be applicable to local settings.

23 Conclusion: This conference has brought forth major thoughts in tackling climate change challenges head on spanning use of various climate change models and tools in understanding potential impacts on food and environmental security; specific impacts on various sectors of food and environmental systems in various locations; and working models and ongoing experiments on multi sectoral, multilevel collaborations to confront the challenge of CC.

24 Recommendations Strengthening collaborations across agencies both public and private; local, national, global scales in R&D/Education efforts Mainstreaming S&T in local and national governance system (sustainability) Strengthening extension programs and knowledge transfer of research institutes Publications in 2 journals and potential production of instructional materials from out of the rich materials we have right now.

25 Book of Abstracts Expected Outputs Selected papers to be published as Special Issues of the: UPLB-SESAM Journal of Environmental Science and Management (JESAM) SEARCA Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development

26 Acknowledgments

27 Acknowledgments Speakers, Paper Presenters, and Poster Authors, Guests and Participants, Session Chairs and Rapporteurs Support Team from SEARCA and UPLB