Rice Technology Bulletin

Transcription

1 Rice Technology Bulletin Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) ISSN No. 61 Biofertilizer Production Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM)

2 Rice Technology Bulletin Series No. 1 Released Rice Varieties ( ) 2 Pagpaparami at Pagpupuro ng Binhi sa Sariling Bukid 3 Paggawa ng Maligaya Rice Hull Stove 4 PhilRice Micromill 5 PhilRice Flourmill 6 PhilRice Drumseeder 7 PhilRice Rototiller 8 Rice Food Products 9 PhilRice-UAF Batch Dryer 10 Integrated Management of the Malayan Black Bug 11 SG800 Rice Stripper-Harvester 12 Dry-Seeded Rice-Based Cropping Technologies 13 Maligaya Rice Hull Stove Steps in Compost Production 15 Rice Tungro Virus Disease 16 The Philippine Rice Seed Industry and The National Rice Seed Production Network Hakbang sa Paggawa ng Kompost nga Addang ti Panagaramid iti Kompost 19 Characteristics of Popular Philippine Rice Varieties 20 Rice Stem Borers in the Philippines 21 Rice Food Products (revised edition) 22 Leaf Color Chart (English) 23 Leaf Color Chart (Ilocano) 24 Leaf Color Chart (Filipino) 25 Equipment for Rice Production and Processing 26 Use of 40kg Certified Seeds per Hectare 27 Rice Wine 28 Management of Field Rats 29 Controlled Irrigation: Saving water while having good yield 30 Minus-one Element Technique: Soil nutrition deficiency test made easy 31 Management of the Rice Black Bug 32 Management of Zinc-deficient Soils 33 Management Options for the Golden Apple Snail 34 Use of Evaporation Suppressant 35 Pagpaparami ng Purong Binhi ng Palay 36 Management of Sulfur- Deficient Lowland Rice Soils 37 Management of Planthoppers and Leafhoppers 38 Management Options for Ricefield Weeds 39 Use of Indigo as Green Manure 40 Management of Salt-affected Soils for Rice Production 41 Wet-Seeded Rice Production 42 Matatag Lines 43 Hybrid Rice Seed Production 44 Metarhizium anisopliae: Microbial Control Agent for Rice Black Bug 45 Integrated Nutrient Management for Rice Production 46 Management of Armyworms/Cutworms 47 Carbonized Rice Hull 48 Rice-based Microbial Inoculant 49 Integrated Farm and Household Waste Management 50 Rice Postproduction Practices 51 Ecological Rice Farming 52 Modified Dry Direct Seeding Technology 53 Palayamanan: Making the Most out of Rice Farms 54 Practical Guidelines in Predicting Soil Fertility Status of Lowland Rice Soils 55 Bakanae: The Foolish Disease of Rice 56 Management of Rice Blast Disease 57 Root-knot Management in Rice-Onion Cropping System 58 Management of Yellow and White Stemborers 59 The PhilRice Dapog Technology 60 Rice Straw-Based Nutrient Management in Irrigated Lowland Rice

3 Foreword Technologies offering fertilizer use reduction provide relief to every financially-stressed farmer. Hence, the Integrated Pest Management-Collaborative Research Support Program (IPM-CRSP) has a good alternative to commercial fertilizers helping vegetable farmers save on production cost while causing no harm to humans and the environment. IPM-CRSP recommends the use of biological methods in crop management particularly the use of beneficial microorganisms such as fungi. Vesicular Arbuscular Myccorhizae or VAM is an association of a beneficial fungus and the roots of higher plants. The fungus penetrates the root system of a crop such as onion, tomato, and eggplant. The fungus protects the crops from soil-borne pathogens and improves the crop s absorption of resources such as nutrients and water from the soil. The use of VAM as biological fertilizer reduces chemical fertilizer use from 60-80%. It was developed by the National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of the University of the Philippines Los Baños. VAM s role in the improvement of crop s yield and quality, and nutrient and water use efficiency proves to work toward sustainable agriculture. For our farmers to fully benefit from VAM, the publication is produced to disseminate this good news on rice-based cropping system. This bulletin presents the how-tos in VAM production and application. The production of this technology bulletin is funded by IPM-CRSP and PL 480-PhilRice. RONILO A. BERONIO Executive Director 1

4 Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM) Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) is a symbiotic association of a beneficial fungus and a plant. The VAM fungus produces spores called vesicles (V) and modified hyphae called arbuscules (A) inside the root. The fungus also produces hyphae outside the roots that serve as root extension, thereby increasing the plant s potential to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. A V Vesicles (V) and arbuscules (A) of VAM VAM root inoculants are cut dried roots of matured corn inoculated with VAM at seeding. During harvest, soil adhering on the corn roots is removed and the roots are cut into small pieces to become VAM root inoculant. The VAM root inoculant can be mixed with soil or other carriers for ease of application. The soil used for the propagation of VAM can also be applied directly in the field during seeding and sowing. 2

5 Advantages 1. Protects plants from soil-borne diseases by producing healthier seedlings with higher percentage of survival and resistance to plant diseases. 2. Serves as soil conditioner by making the soil porous. 3. Reduces fertilizer use by percent. 4. Improves crop stand. 5. Helps increase yield. 6. Environment-friendly. VAM can prevent soil-borne diseases such as: tomatoes damping-off stem rot onions damping-off root knot pink root bulb rot 3

6 Benefits of VAM Eggplant Onions without VAM with VAM Pineapple w/o VAM Pepper w/o VAM Pineapple with VAM Pepper with VAM 4

7 VAM root inoculant production (community-level) Materials: 1. Sterilized garden soil 2. Clay pots 3. Native corn seeds 4. VAM starter inoculant Method: 1. Sterilize soil by heating for 2-4 hours using a big pan or talyasi or by drying under intense heat of the sun for 2-3 days. 2. Place the sterilized soil in thoroughly cleaned and dry clay pots. 5

8 3. After cooling the soil, place a pinch of root starter inoculant then cover with a thin layer of soil. 4. Sow 3-5 corn seeds in each pot. 5. Grow the plants for three months under normal conditions. Protect the plants from pest and diseases. Stop watering the plants after 3 months. Cut the plants or stalks when they are completely dried. Allow the soil in the pot to dry further. b 6

9 6. Remove soil adhering to the roots. Cut the roots finely and save some root inoculants for future use. Mix the finely cut roots with the soil from the pot to produce VAM soil inoculants. 7. Store the root and soil inoculants in sealed plastic bags in a dry and cold place. b 7

10 VAM application in seedbed Do not use chemical fertilizer on seedbed before sowing if VAM is to be applied. 1. Broadcast VAM soil inoculant thinly on prepared seedbed. 2. Cover VAM soil inoculant with a thin layer of soil. 3. Sow seeds on the seedbed with VAM. 4. Cover seeds with a thin layer of soil. 5. If necessary, apply fertilizer 15 days after sowing. 8

11 NOTES 9

12 NOTES 10

13 Subject Matter Specialists PhilRice Herminia R. Rapusas Evelyn B. Gergon, Ph.D. Salvacion E. Santiago Jun M. Ramos Biotech, UPLB Marilyn B. Brown, Ph.D. Maria Lourdes Q. Sison Adora M. de Castro Managing Editor/Desktop Artist Hanah Hazel Mavi M. Biag Editorial Advisers Ronilo A. Beronio Andrei B. Lanuza For more information, text the Farmers Text Center (0920) ; write, visit, or call: Integrated Pest Management-Collaborative Research and Support Program Philippine Rice Research Institute Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 3119 Tel. No. (044) ; -0113; local 221. Readers are encouraged to reproduce the content of this bulletin with acknowledgment. Suggested citation: PhilRice. Biofertilizer Production: Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae. Rice Technology Bulletin No. 61: 14p., October 2009.

14 (DA) PL 480