IWMI - ACIAR Investing in Water Management to Improve Productivity of Rice-Based Farming Systems in Cambodia Project. Issue brief #4, June 2013

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1 IWMI - ACIAR Investing in Water Management to Improve Productivity of Rice-Based Farming Systems in Cambodia Project. Issue brief #4, June 2013 ERs nigrti

2 ERs nigrti³ plb:hbal;énkarefvirbblvb,kmµdmnamrsuv Sanjiv de Silva 1, Robyn Johnston 1, Thuon Try 2 1. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka 2. Agricultural consultant, Phnom Penh, Cambodia esckþisegçbbbaðaenh KWEp ketaelikarbinitüeligvij edayvitüasßanrkb;rkgtwkgnþrcati nigkñúgnammcämnðlgursþalisrmab;kar RsavRCavEpñkksikmµGnþrCati (ACIAR). ÉksarenH k¾)anttylkmniteyabl;benßm tamry³sikçasalasafarn³ enatirkugpñmebj kalbiéf TI20 ExmIna qñam2013. eyig sumeføggmnrkunya:grcalerca cmebahmtieyabl;gñkculrymbipaksaenakñúgsikçsalaenh. International Water Management Institute (IWMI) P.O. Box 2075 Colombo, Sri Lanka

3 etirtuvefviducemþc edim,ikarbarvalers nigclplxñattuc ehiyelikkm<s;plitkmµrsúv? ClplvalERs valerslictwkrbcamrduv nigpøúvtwktuc²edlsßitenacit sþwg RbLay RsH rbs;rbetskm<úca KWCaRbB½n CIv³cRmúHd¾sMbUrEbbmYy. enarduvvssa ebltwkcmnn;riksayebjticnbtd¾fmlvwgelviy valers )ankøaycatmbn;diesimtwllic CaTICRmkrbs;RtI kegáb kþam kmbis xügercinrbept nigstvl itepsg²etotedleketgetehafa : RbePTstVkñúgTwkepSg² : b OAA. valerspþl;nuvrti nig OAA RbmaNCa 50 eta 250 K>Rk kñúgmyyrküsarkñúgmyyqñam rymtamgbenøkñúgtmbn;diesimefmetot. témøesdækic énkarcab; nigrbmulpl GacQaneTAdl; b k¾gacnwgercincagtémøénkarrbmulplrsúv. GVIEdlsMxan;CagenHeTAeTotenaH KWkarrYmcMENkdl;GaharUbtßmÖrbs;RKÜsar CaBiess cmebahrbcacnrkirk erbahrti)anpþl;[nuvrbúetguin niggaharubtßmöxñattuccacam)ac;. RtIERsnardUvvsSa KWCaFnFansarFarN³EbbRbéBNIEdlmankarhamXat;tictYc. valerscakenøgrtibgáat;buc BgkUn rkcmni nigticrmksrmab;karlutlas; ehtuduecñh vakwcaepñkmyyd¾smxan;énvis½yclplcati Edlman témørbman 1 Ban;elonduløar Caerogral;qñaM. RtIERsmanbrimanRbmaN 28 % énplrtitwksab ehiyrtúv)anttylsáal;edayrkbxnð EpnkaryuT sa sþcatisrmab;qñam EdlCaEpñkd¾sMxan;ényuT sa sþcatiedim,ibegáinplcab;rti kñúgkareqøiytbtrmúvkares,og kñúgrsúkedlkmbugetekinelig. 3

4 plb:hbal;énrbblvb,kmµrsúv CaRbéBNI RbB½n énkardamduhrsúvenakñúgrbetskm<úca Bak;B½n nwgvallerslictwkedlbnþmantamgbiyurlugmkehiyedaybumman b erbicikimi nigfñambulksikmµticbmput. karefvirbblvb,kmµ GacnwgeFVI[mankarERbRbÜllkçx½NÐTaMgenH CaBiess tamry³karerbir)as;sarfatukimi ksikmµedl)anekineligkarpøas;bþúrkargnuvtþn_karrkb;rkgtwkenativalersedlmanrbb½n ersacrsb ]>ry³ebltwklicxøicag nigkarpøas; bþúrkñúgticrmk nigr)amgdl;bmlas;tirti tamry³karsagsg;ehdæarcnasm<½n ersacrsb. fñambul GacbgáeGaymankarKMramkMEhgd¾F n;f rbmputdl;rtikñúgers nig RbePTstVkñúgTwkepSg². brimanerbir)as;edayksikrnaeblbc úb,nñ KWmankarlM)akkñúgkar)a:n;sµan b:uenþekrkan;etdwgfa RbmaN 80% -90% )annamculerka[øúvkae CaBIessmkBIRbeTséf nigevotnam (ACI 2002, EU2012). fñamsmøab;stvl it minrtúv)anrtytbinitü RtwmRtÚv ehiypakercincafñambulkrmitx<s; ducca organophoshates nig organochlorines rymtamgfñabulrbept ededet KWkMBugeRbIR)as; CaFmµta. edaybmumankaresvgyl;krmiterbir)as;rtwmrtuv ehtudecñh karerbir)as;eliskrmit nigxusbec kets EtgEtekItmanCaFmµta. karhurrtlb;bisarfatubuletakñúgrblayersacrsb TwksÞwg nigtwk erkamdi KWmann½yfa plb:hbal;fñambulkimi min)anritt,itdl;ksikr b dl;rbb½n egkulúsuitammuldæanedlcategvi bmpøajdl;fnfanfmµcati d_mansarsmxan;ercindl;civpabrs;enatam CnbT. kargpivdæn_rbb½n ersacrsbrduvr)amggacmanplb:hbal;tictycdl;rti d¾rabnavalersvssabnþgnuvtþenakñúgtwkerca. RbsinebIksikreFVI RbBlvb,kmµdMNaMRsÚv enahmann½yfa karpøas;bþúrbidmnamrduvvssary³eblevgetacadmnamry³eblxøicmnynbirdg PaKeRcIncab;epþImenAedImrdUv nigcugrduvvssa. CarYm vanwgefvi[plitpabfnfanvarifycuh erbahplrticab;kñúgers PaKeRcInenAkñúgERsEdlmanTwkeRCA nigman vtþmantwkyur. karsagsg;rcnasm<½n RbB½n ersacrsb RbLay nig TMnb;Twk nwgpøas;bþúrrbb½n egkulúsuitenø. plb:hbal;etaeliciv³crmuh KWEtgEtman lkçn³gvic man b:uenþplitpabenakrmitmuldæan nwggars½yfaeti GagsþúkTwk b RbLayTwkenaH pþl;nuvcermisciba wmrtiedrb et. RsbeBl Edlman]TahrN_viC manmyycmnyntuc CaTUeTA TMnb;Twk)ankøayCa]bsKÁdl;bMlas;TIrbs;RtI nigkar)at;bg;brimanrtibmlas;ticaercin ducedl)anraykarn_bitmbn;myycmnynenakm<úca. plb:hbal;énehdæarcnasm<½n nwgrtuvbegáinedaysar]bskáénkarrkb;rkg duccakarlm)ak énkarrkb;rkgerbir)as;epsg² kñúgpuisarsþd_fm nigkgvhxatepñkc,ab; edim,i[mantulüpaberbir)as;twksrmab;dmnamrsuv karrksatwk[)an RKb;RKan;sRmab;mcäaenAkñúgGagTwk. plb:hbal;tamgenh KWEtgEtTTYlrgedayRkumEdlmancMNUlTab EdlminmandIeFVIksikmµ nigbwgep kxøamgeliclpl. 4

5 vifankarkat;bnßyplb:hbal; nigrkb;rkg vifankaredim,ikarbar nwgelikkm<s;plitpabrtiers rymman³ kat;bnßykarerbir)as;fñambultamry³karrkb;rkgfñamsmøab;stvl it kargb;rmksikr[manvifierbir)as; nigrkb;rkgrbs;bykek[)an RtwmRtÚv Edlkat;bnßykareRbIR)as;fñaMKImIksikmµ ducca karrkb;rkgstvl itcrmúh nigefvirbblvb,kmµdmnamrsuv b>v>s. yl;dwg[kan;etl RbesIrBIplb:HBal;énkarpøas;bþÚrrbbTwkkñúgvalERs nigkarerbir)as;ticrmkkñúgvalersefviebbenhrbb½n ersac RsB GacCakEnøgl dl;rtirs;ena. RsHshKmn_ KWCaEdnCRmkRtIrdUvR)aMg CamYynwgkarbegáInRtIemBUC nigtmbn;hamcab;rtitamrduv. plcmenjbirbblvb,kmµplitkmµrsúv RtUv)anTUTat;CamYy kar)at;bg;rtitamers. etahcay:agnak¾eday k¾vaminemn CakareRbóbeFobEpñkesdækicEbbsamBaØenaHeT. karefvi RbBlvb,kmµRsÚv pþl;plrbeyacn_casmxan;dl;ksikr CabuKÁl pþúyetavij FnFanRtItamERs KWCaFnFansaFarN³ Edlpþl;plRbeyaCn_sgÁm nigbrisßan CaBiess srmab; GñkRkIRk. vifankarkat;bnßy kar)at;bg;plitpabrtitamers RtUvKit [elisbiplitkmµ ehiyrtuvbicarnabikarebgeck plrbeyacn_sgám nigpabbak;b½n énbrisßan. smnyrsrmab;karrsavrcavbenßmetot RbB½n damduhrsuvepsg²edlkmbugpsbvpsay KWCab;Bak;B½n nwgkargnuvtþn_rkb;rkgtwkepsgkña. etirbbrkb;rkgtwktamgenh CH\T ibldl;clpl valers nigbmlas;tirbs;rtiy:agducemþc? etigvietacaskáanublsrmab;sh-vb,kmµ? etikarciba wmrtikñúggag GacTUTat;plb:HBal;GviC aman NamYyEdrb et. etimanskþanublsrmab;plcmenjkarrkb;rkgtwkedlcyysnsmtwkxøh srmab;ciba wmrtikñúggag? etifñamkimiksikmµmanplb:hbal;gvixøhdl;civ³crmúhkñúgtwkedlpsap ab;camyyvalers nigsuxpabmnuss ehiyetigvietacahanip½ykñúgkarbegáin Tinñpl? etivifankar nigkargnuvtþgvixøh EdlGackat;bnßyhaniP½yTaMgenH? karrkb;rkgclpl minfakñúgvalers b kñúggagtwk KWmanlkçN³ebIkcMhr nig GnaFib,etyü Edl trmúv[mankic shkarrvagsßab½nrdæ Bak;B½n rymtamggñkerbir)as;fanfan nigtyggárdætammuldæan. etimanynþkargvixøh edim,ifana[mankarrkb;rkgrbkbedaysmpab nignirnþrpab? 5

6 ÉksarsegçbenH KWEp kelikarrsavrcavedlefvieligedayvitüasßanrkb;rkgtwkgnþrcati (IWMI) CYsmux[ mcämnðlsgursþalisrmab;karrsavksikmµgnþrcati (ACIAR). ÉksarenH k_)anttyleyabl;benßm BIkic BiPakSakñúgsikçasalasaFarN³mYyenATIRkúgPñMeBj kalbiéf TI20 ExmIna qñam2013. eyigxjúmsumeføg GMNrKuNy:agRCaleRCAcMeBaHkarcUlrYmrbs;sikçakamTaMgGs;. Éksareyag Agrifood Consulting International (2002) Rice Value Chain Study: Cambodia. A Report Prepared for the World Bank. Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Agrifood Consulting International. De Silva, S.S. and S.J. Funge- Smith A review of stock enhancement practices in the inland water fisheries of Asia. Asia- Pacific Fishery Commission, Bangkok, Thailand. RAP Publication No. 2005/12, 93 pp. de Silva, Sanjiv and Senaratna- Sellamuttu, Sonali Irrigation Performance and Implications in Cambodia: Key findings from two case studies. Colombo, Sri Lanka: IWMI. 20p. Unpublished. Fisheries Administration (FiA) The Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries: Unofficial English translation. Fisheries Administration, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Graber Neufeld, D.S., H. Savoeun, C. Phoeurk, A. Glick, C. Hernandez. (2010) Prevalence and Persistence of Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides in Cambodian Market Vegetables. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 7(4): Halls, A.. & Kshatriya, M., Modelling the cumulative barrier and passage effects of mainstream hydropower dams on migratory fish populations in the Lower Mekong Basin., (25). Halwart, M. and M.V. Gupta (eds.) Culture of fi sh in rice fi elds. FAO and The WorldFish Center, 83 p. 6

7 Hortle, K.G., Troeung, R. & Lieng, S., Yield and value of the wild fishery of rice fields in Battambang Province, near the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia., (18). Joffre, O. et al., Community Fish Refuges in Cambodia Lessons Learned. Ly, P. et al., The System of Rice Intensification: Adapted practices, reported outcomes and their relevance in Cambodia. Agricultural Systems, 113, pp Available at: [Accessed November 17, 2012]. Nguyen- Khoa, S., Lorenzen, K., et al., Impacts of irrigation on fisheries in rain- fed rice- farming landscapes. Journal of Applied Ecology, 42(5), pp Available at: [Accessed November 19, 2012]. Nguyen- Khoa, S., Smith, L. & Lorenzen, K., Impacts of Irrigation on Inland Fisheries: Appraisals in Laos and Sri Lanka. Shams, N., Contribution of Rice Field Ecosytems to Food Security Strategies in Northwest Cambodia. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 29(4), pp So, N. & Touch, B., FISHERIES RESOURCES IN CAMBODIA : IMPLICATIONS FOR FOOD SECURITY, HUMAN NUTRITION AND CONSERVATION., Xie, J. et al., Ecological mechanisms underlying the sustainability of the agricultural heritage rice fish coculture system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, pp

8 Photo credit: Cover photo: Sanjiv De Silva/IWMI, Page 6: photo: Try Thuon/IWMI, Pages 3,4: photo: Ian Taylor/CPWF, Page 5: Back cover photo: CPWF Mekong 8