Interventions in the Indonesian broiler sector: effects of management and housing conditions on results. Dr. Rick van Emous & Dr.

Transcription

1 Interventions in the Indonesian broiler sector: effects of management and housing conditions on results Dr. Rick van Emous & Dr. Sander Lourens

2 Interventions in the Indonesian broiler sector: effects of management and housing conditions on results Challenges for the Indonesian broiler farmers Monitoring results: data collection Broiler management variation between farms Chick and feed quality From open to (Semi-) closed housing Interventions in water systems Automated data collection at MBLC and broiler farms Training of Animal Focussed Management Future improvements based on AFM

3 Challenges for the Indonesian broiler farmers Low biosecurity High disease pressure Heat stress Uncontrolled and long DOC transport Poor performance parameters High use of antibiotics Poor drinking water quality Young slaughter age and preference for small (whole) carcasses...

4 Additional challenges for the Indonesian broiler farmers Fluctuations in prices for slaughter ready chicken, day old chicks (doc) and feed in , averaged for the districts of Bogor, Sukabumi, Bandung, Bekasi and Tangerang.

5 Characteristics of broilers Broilers grow very fast in a short time: Top athletes! It is a delicate process Small faults have huge effects Preventing problems Optimizing details in management, equipment and housing is very important

6 Challenges to improve: DOC quality Brooding Body temperature control Water quality Feed quality...

7 Interventions in the Indonesian broiler sector: effects of management and housing conditions on results Challenges for the Indonesian broiler farmers Monitoring results: data collection Broiler management variation between farms Chick and feed quality From open to (Semi-) closed housing Interventions in water systems Automated data collection at MBLC and broiler farms Training of Animal Focussed Management Future improvements based on AFM

8 Monitoring results: Data collection First year of the project (2015): testing General data Production data Economic data To make comparison between flocks, houses, farms, etc. (2016) To test effects of interventions (2017) From manual to automatic data collection at the MBLC ( )

9 Source of data general data - house dimensions - number of bird places - slaughter age - cleaning time performance data - body weight - feed consumption - mortality Economic data - price of the day old chicks - feed costs - broiler selling price at the gate other costs - electricity - water - heating / gas - health care - Litter - catching and transport - cleaning

10 Source of data Based on this, we calculate Feed Margin (FM) per 100 broilers placed at d0 FM = slaughter income (feed costs + DOC price) An estimate of the other costs can be made per 100 broilers, which gives an estimate for the annual income of the broiler farm = Gross Margin per 100 broilers placed GM = FM other costs Using this data, the pay-back time can be estimated of any quality investment

11 Interventions in the Indonesian broiler sector: effects of management and housing conditions on results Challenges for the Indonesian broiler farmers Monitoring results: data collection Broiler management variation between farms Chick and feed quality From open to (Semi-) closed housing Interventions in water systems Automated data collection at MBLC and broiler farms Training of Animal Focussed Management Future improvements based on AFM

12 Comparison worst-best farm* Worst Best Average Production performance Production period (d) BW (g) 1,106 1,483 1,339 Mortality (%) FCR Production Index (IP) Economics DOC price (IDR/DOC) 3,900 2,700 3,864 Feed price (IDR/kg) 6,797 7,000 6,967 Meat price (IDR/kg) 16,504 16,800 18,119 GM/house/yr (MIDR) * April to June 2015

13 Interventions in the Indonesian broiler sector: effects of management and housing conditions on results Challenges for the Indonesian broiler farmers Monitoring results: data collection Broiler management variation between farms Chick and feed quality From open to (Semi-) closed housing Interventions in water systems Automated data collection at MBLC and broiler farms Training of Animal Focussed Management Future improvements based on AFM

14 Broiler Management - Effects of cheap feed and chicks Production performance Control Cheap feed Cheap chicks Cheap F+C Production period (d) BW (g) 1, , Mortality (%) FCR Production Index (IP) Economics DOC price (IDR/DOC) 5,275 5,275 4,000 4,000 Feed price (IDR/kg) 6,650 5,750 6,650 5,750 Meat price (IDR/kg) 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 GM/house/yr (MIDR)

15 Interventions in the Indonesian broiler sector: effects of management and housing conditions on results Challenges for the Indonesian broiler farmers Monitoring results: data collection Broiler management variation between farms Chick and feed quality From open to (Semi-) closed housing Interventions in water systems Automated data collection at MBLC and broiler farms Training of Animal Focussed Management Future improvements based on AFM

16 Broiler Management avoiding temperature stress Typical chick temperature recordings during the day, in the week 1, 2, 3 and 4 of production.

17 Effects of heat stress Panting costs energy Reduced BW and increased FCR Increased water consumption High Antibiotic use! Increased mortality (ca. 10%)

18 Types of mechanical ventilation Cross ventilation: Fresh air through inlets on one side of the house The air is expelled on the other side of the house Tunnel ventilation: Fresh air via inlets in the front wall Fans are placed in the back wall Relative high air velocity (wind chill effect)

19 Wind chill effect

20 Wind chill effect on body temperature

21 Tunnel ventilation (semi-closed house)

22 Economics of closed versus open broiler houses Peter van Horne, Wageningen Economic Research, the Netherlands Rick van Emous, Wageningen Livestock Research, the Netherlands Bubun Setiawan Hirawan, Medion, Indonesia Traditional open broiler house with a high roof, natural ventilation, open side walls and manual feeding (water). Closed broiler house with two floors with a low ceiling, tunnel ventilation, (semi) closed side walls (with plastic curtains) and automatic feeding (water).

23 Field data semi-closed broiler house Farm A Farm B Open Closed Open Closed Prod. period (d) BW (kg) FCR Mort. (%) Prod. Index Stocking density from 8 to at least 15 #/m 2 Improved welfare Antibiotic use: 70-80% reduction is possible?

24 Economics of closed versus open broiler houses We assume that on both farms 40,320 broilers are kept (average in Indonesia). Open housing: - 7 houses of 8 meter wide and 80 meter long. - The total ground surface area of the open house is 4,480 m 2. - The average density is 9 broilers per m 2 poultry house. - The average empty period between flocks is 28 days. Closed housing: - 2 levels in a house of 12 meter wide and 105 meter long. - The total ground surface area of the house is 1,260 m 2. - The total surface available for the broilers is 2,520 m 2 (2 levels) - The average density is 16 broilers per m 2 living area. - The average empty period between flocks is 28 days.

25 Field data semi-closed broiler house Average Open Closed Prod. period (d) BW (kg) FCR Mort. (%) Prod. Index

26 Field data closed broiler house Open house Semi-closed house Poultry house, building* 125, ,000 Poultry house, electricity 5, ,000 Equipment 40, ,000 Generator 0 100,000 Total 170,000 1,500,000 * Investment (IDR per m 2 ground surface area)

27 Field data closed broiler house Open house Semi-closed house DOC (IDR/DOC) 4,500 4,500 Feed (IDR/kg) 7,000 7,000 Production in kg live weight* Total costs per broiler housed 17,190 15,276 Payback period (years) 4.5 * Corrected for mortality

28 Sensitivity analysis Years Closed house (average) 4.5 Production above average 3.6 Production below average 6.1 Lower revenue price (15,750 vs. 16,000 IDR/kg) 6.0 Lower feed price (6,500 vs. 7,000 IDR/kg) 2.7 Higher price DOC (5,000 vs. 4,500 IDR/DOC) 6.5 Good production performance are very important for a short payback period Payback period is highly dependent of market prices

29 Summary semi-closed house Air flow diminished heat stress Tunnel ventilation is a good system for Indonesia Improved production performance: BW: +8% Mortality: -59% FCR: -11% IP: +30% Density: >88% Improved welfare (and AB use?)

30 Interventions in the Indonesian broiler sector: effects of management and housing conditions on results Challenges for the Indonesian broiler farmers Monitoring results: data collection Broiler management variation between farms Chick and feed quality From open to (Semi-) closed housing Interventions in water systems at pilot farms Automated data collection at MBLC and broiler farms Training of Animal Focussed Management Future improvements based on AFM

31 Intervention water systems at pilot farms Water sampling before and after intervention Plan of Action UV-system to reduce bacterial load 6 different farms 1 house/farm Data collection before and after adjustment

32 Water quality (biofilm) A slimy film consisting of bacteria, yeast and moulds Forms on the surface of the water lines or containers Affects also antibiotic treatments or vaccination Source: Broiler Signals

33 Contributing factors for biofilms Dead ends Hanging pipes Open tanks High temperature Oxygen Light Use of additives like vitamins / sugar

34 Intervention water systems at pilot farms - Own well and storage - Water consumption how much under what conditions? - Water administration height, pressure - Bio-film in water lines - Water sanitation: - Effect of UV water treatment at pilot farms

35 Intervention UV water treatment system

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37 Water quality before/after intervention Before After Standard Bacteriological Tot. bacteria (#/100 ml) <100 E. coli 4 Pos./1 Neg. 4 Pos./1 Neg. Neg. Salmonella sp. 5 Neg. 5 Neg. Neg. Chemical ph Chlorine (ppm) <500 Nitrate (ppm) <200 Nitrite (ppm) <1 Chalk (mg/l)

38 Broiler performance UV-system # Farms 3 3 # Flocks 5 3 Before After Diff. (%) Prod. period (d) % BW (kg) % Mortality (%) % FCR (kg/kg) % Production Index (IP) % Margin/house/y (MIDR)

39 Summary UV-system Water quality at most farms is very bad (bacterial) Water quality can be improved by installing a UV-system (costs approx. 12 MIDR) Positive effect on production performance: BW: + 1% Mortality: -21% FCR: -6% IP: + 9% Management (training)?

40 Interventions in the Indonesian broiler sector: effects of management and housing conditions on results Challenges for the Indonesian broiler farmers Monitoring results: data collection Broiler management variation between farms Chick and feed quality From open to (Semi-) closed housing Innovations in water systems Automated data collection at MBLC and broiler farms Training of Animal Focussed Management Future improvements based on AFM

41 Automated data collection at MBLC and broiler farms Developed and provided by Sommen BV Tested at the Modern Broiler Learning Centre Used for own technical and economic data by Medion Further developed as hand-held tool, available for all broiler farmers!

42 Interventions in the Indonesian broiler sector: effects of management and housing conditions on results Challenges for the Indonesian broiler farmers Monitoring results: data collection Broiler management variation between farms Chick and feed quality From open to (Semi-) closed housing Innovations in water systems Automated data collection at MBLC and broiler farms Training of Animal Focussed Management Future improvements based on AFM

43 Training of Animal Focussed Management Is not the same as I use the Manual Management!!

44 Training Animal Focussed Management Training program: To improve Animal Focused Management (AFM) among the staff of pilot broiler farms Practical handbook: Broiler Signals adapted and translated to Bahasa Practical advice to optimise farm management

45 Main issues training program 2016 Basic broiler management: Parameters + data collection Broiler Signals (Look-Think-Act) Closed house management: Body temperature chickens Heat stress + mechanical ventilation Water management: Water quality Water systems

46 Main issues training program 2017 Expert broiler farm manager Part 1: Essentials of good brooding practise The right feed at the right time Improve broiler health + dissection practical training

47 Main issues training program 2017 Expert broiler farm manager Part 2: Data to optimise technical and economic results Ventilation principles for broilers in hot climate Water quality in broiler houses Innovations in the broiler sector based on AFM

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49 Training program Title Date Participants Basic broiler management June Closed house management August Water management Dec Several topics Jan Expert broiler farm manager Part 1 April Expert broiler farm manager Part 2 October Total 450* * Participants: 40% farm managers (and staff), 30% PT Medion, 15% DINAS, 10% GOPAN and 5% others.

50 KAP questionnaire broiler farmers KAP = Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices List of major items (addressed during the different sessions) were filled in by the farmers Also reasons for not implemented major items

51 KAP analysis Items % yes Reason not Data collection 100 Data comparison 67 Body temperature 20 Use behaviour signs Prevention of heat stress 60 Costs Cleaning water system 100 Improved water system 80 Costs / positive effects? Recirculation fans 80 Costs Recognising panting 100 Look-Think-Act 93 Education level farm staff

52 Broiler Signals Bahasa Broiler Signals concept is based on Look-Think-Act Focus on three main questions: What do I see? Why does this happen? What should I do? 1 st edition presented on 19 th of June Dutch Embassy Jakarta

53 Students Koen Coumans Jelte Kock

54 Interventions in the Indonesian broiler sector: effects of management and housing conditions on results Challenges for the Indonesian broiler farmers Monitoring results: data collection Broiler management variation between farms Chick and feed quality From open to (Semi-) closed housing Innovations in water systems Automated data collection at MBLC and broiler farms Training of Animal Focussed Management Future improvements based on AFM

55 Future improvements based on AFM Integral approach to improve management factors: 1. Consistent and adequate data collection 2. Improved transport from hatchery to broiler farm 3. Improved brooding practise 4. Development of farm hatching systems 5. Improved ventilation techniques 6. Improved water quality management 7. Transition to larger semi-closed housing systems 8. Use of natural products to support chick health 9. Decreased antibiotics use

56 Terima Kasih / Thank you Website: Contacts: Rick van Emous (rick.vanemous@wur.nl) Sander Lourens (sander.lourens@wur.nl)