COMMUNICATION III. Ground Water-Bottom Soil-Water Interactions in Tropical Carp Nursery Ponds.

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1 PERTANIKA 14(3), (1991) COMMUNICATION III Ground Wter-Bottom Soil-Wter Interctions in Tropicl Crp Nursery Ponds. KeyWords: Physico-chemicl properties, ground wter, pond wter, bottom soil of pond. ABSTRACT There ws no significnt combined effect (p > 0.05) of the physico-chemicl properties of the underground deep tubewell wter on incresing the nutrient contents of the nursery ponds ; bottom soil. But the combined effect of seven chemicl properties of bottom soil showed significnt (p < 0.05) influence on incresing the mount of chemicl constituents of pond wter except phnd exchngeble K. Electric conductivity, phnd exchngeble C of deep tubewell wter hd inverse correltions with chemicl properties of pond bottom soil but only dissolved O 2 ws directly correlted with ll the properties of pond bottom soil. All the correltion vlues between ph nd chemicl properties of bottom soil of nursery ponds were inversely significnt (p < 0.05) in nture. Dissolved O 2 nd phosphte P of wter hd lmost direct correltions with bottom soil properties of nursery ponds where dissolved O 2 hd significnt (p < 0.05) correltion with ph of bottom soil. INTRODUCTION While underground wter is the only wter used in crp breeding opertions, the monsoon rin is the min source of wter for crp nursery ponds prticulrly in South Asin countries. Nowdys, mostof the government nd lrge scle commercil crp htchery mngers use deep tubewell wter in the nursery pond, whenever necessry. The ddition of deep tubewell wter to the nursery pond my chnge the physico-chemicl properties of the pond ecosystem, exerting n influence on the primry nd secondry productivity (Hbib^Z. 1984ndAli*tf 1985). Mintennce of n optiml budnce of both phytoplnkton nd zooplnkton in crp nursery ponds is prerequisite for successful nursing of crp fry (Alm etl 1985 ndhbibejj. 1986). Informtion on the effects of nutrients of deep tubewell wter on pond wter nd bottom soil, nd vice-vers is lcking. Therefore, the present work ws undertken to determine the degree of probbility of combined effects of physico-chemicl chrcteristics of deep tubewell wter on the bottom soil properties, pond bottom soil properties on the pond wter chrcteristics nd their inter-nd intr-correltions. MATERIALS AND METHODS SmplingAre Six nursery ponds, hving n re of m 2 nd n verge depth of cm ech, t the Freshwter Sttion of the Fisheries Reserch Institute, Mymensing 2201, Bngldesh were selected for the study for the period of 1st My to 30th September Ponds lying side by side were selected mong the series of Institute's nursery pond complex, leving nrrow embnkment in between the ponds, to void the mixing of pond wter with rin wsh. All the ponds were dried, clened nd treted with lime nd cowdung t the rte of 247 kg/h nd 9142 kg/h respectively by mid April. Underground wter ws supplied from the deep tubewell nd N:P:Kfertilizers were pplied t the rte of 98,98 nd 49 kg/h, respectively, on the next dy. Collection of smples Smples of pond wter nd pond bottom soil were collected twice month between 0900 h to 1200 h from two selected plces of ech experimentl pond. Pond wter smples from mid lyer nd bottom soil smples from soil wter interfce were collected using Kemmerer wter smpler nd Ekmn dredge respectively. Ground wter smples were collected from the outlet of the deep tubewell. Wter smples were stored in blck bottles of 500 ml cpcity by dding 2 to 3 drops of toluene nd subsequently crried to the lbortory for nlyses. Pond bottom soil smples were ir dried, ground, sieved nd kept in plstic pckets for chemicl nlyses.

2 M. AHSAN BIN HABIB, M.JAHANGIR ALAM, L. RAHMAN KHAN AND MOMTAZ BEGUM ) Anlyses of wter smples. ph, dissolved O g, free CO 2, nitrte-n nd phosphte - P were determined by digitl ph meter, zide modifiction of iodometric method, titrimetric method, phenoldisulphonic cid method nd scorbic cid method, respectively. Exchngeble C nd Kof wter were determined directly with the help of Eppendorf flme photometer fter subsequent filtrtion. Conductivity test of deep tubewell wter ws done using conductivity bridge. Stndrd Methods for the Exmintion of Wter nd Wstewter (AA et L 1978) were followed for the chemicl nlyses. b) Anlyses of soil smples ph of the soil smple ws determined in 1:2.5 soihwter suspension. The wet oxidtion method (Blck 1965), mcro-kjeldhl method (Jckson 1962), 0.5 M NHCO s extrction method (Mtt 1970), nd mmonium cette extrction method using Eppendorf flme photometer (Blck 1965) were followed for nlysing orgnic crbon, totl N, phosphte-p, exchngeble K nd exchngeble C, respectively. c) Dt nlyses Multiple nd liner correltions of eight physicochemicl properties viz., conductivity, ph, dissolved O 2, free CO 2, nitrte-n, phosphte-p, C nd K (x, x 2, x g ) of deep tubewell wter with the chemici properties viz., ph, orgnic crbon, totl N, nitrte- N, phosphte-p, exchngeble C nd exchngeble K (y v y 2, y? ) of pond bottom soil were nlysed The sme nlyses were lso performed for the bove mentioned chemicl properties of bottom soil (Xj,x 2, x? ) with the chemicl properties of pond wter viz., ph, dissolved O 2, free CO 2, vilble N, vilble P, C nd K (y 1( y 2, y 7 ). The chrcters (x.) were considered s independent fctors with (y) s dependent fctor. The nlyses were done using n IBM PC with STATGRAICS pckge. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The men vlues nd stndrd errors of chemicl properties of wter nd bottom soil of nursery ponds re presented in Figures 1, 2 nd 3, respectively. During the study, the insignificnt (P > 0.05) combined effect of physico-chemicl properties of deep tubewell wter on the mount of vrious nutrients of pond bottom soil ws recorded (Tble 1) with n indiction of the poor nutrient sttus of deep tubewell wter. The nutrient concentrtions of deep tubewell wter, prticulrly nitrte-n, phosphte-p, C nd K were lso very low TABLE 1 Multiple correltion coefficients (R), MR 2, F vlues nd estimted y(y) of seven physico-chemicl properties of deep tubewell wter with seven chemicl properties of pond bottom soil. Soil properties R MR* Estimted y vlues (y) ph Orgnic Crbon x x x x x x x x g Xj ?^ x x 4 Totl-N Nitrte-N Phosphte-P x x x lx g XJ x x x x x x x g xj x x x x lx x? lx g Xl x x x 4 Exchngeble-C Exchngeble-K x x x lx x, x x x x x lx x lx, x x x PERTANIKAVOL. 14NO.3,1991

3 GROUND WATER-BOTTOM SOIL-WATER INTERACTIONS IN TROPICAL CARP NURSERY PONDS. -T 1 1" PO^-P f 3 z^ o^ 1Z80 EXCHANGEABLE C -i j- M J J A S MONTH Fig 1: Monthly fluctutions of chemicl properties (men vlues ) of deep tubewell wter (verticl br represents stndrd error). 86 EXCHANGEABLE K (Figure 1). The chemicl properties of pond bottom soil hd combined effect of incresing the mount offreeco 2 (R = 0.769) ndc (R = 0.777) of pond wter t 1% level of significnce nd of dissolved O 2 (R = 0.685), vilble N (R = 0.769) nd phosphte- P (R = 0.704) t 5% level of significnce. The per cent contribution of combined effect upon the bove chemicl constituents were 59.14, 60.37, 49.92,45.83 nd 49.56respectively (Tble 2). These results indicte tht some pond bottom soil properties influence the nutrient sttus of pond wter (Hbib et l 1986) through significnt nutrient exchnge from the bottom soil to wter (Hbib et l 1984; Ali et l 1985 nd Hbib et l 1986). Exchngeble C, exchngeble K nd ph of pond bottom soil ll hd inverse correltions with the ph, free CO 2 nitrte-n, phosphte-p nd conductivity of deep tubewell wter but only dissolved O 2 of deep tubewell wter ws directly correlted with ll the properties of pond bottom soil. Agin, the correltion vlues between ph of deep tubewell wter nd chemicl porperties of pond bottom soil, viz., ph, orgnic crbon, totl N, phosphte-p, 1 POND Fig. 2.Fluctutions of chemicl properties (men vlues) of wter of six nursery ponds (verticl br represents stndrd error). exchngeble C nd exchngeble K were inversely significnt (p < 0.05) in nture (Tble 3). Though dissolved O 2 nd phosphte-p of wter hd lmost direct correltions with pond bottom soil properties (Tble 4), only dissolved O 2 showed significnt (p < 0.05) direct correltion with ph of pond bottom. Similr findings were reported by Hbib etl (1986) nd Hbib nd Rhmn (1987). CONCLUSION From the present experiment, it is importnt to PERTANIKAVOL. 14NO.3,

4 M. AHSAN BIN HABIB, M. JAHANGIR ALAM, L. RAHMAN KHAN AND MOMTAZ BEGUM TABLE 2 Multiple correltion coefficients (R), MR 2, F vlues nd estimted y(y)of chemicl properties of wter with chemicl properties of pond bottom soil. Wter properties R MR Z F Estimted y vlues (y) ph Dissolved O 2 Free CO g Nitrte-N Phosphte-P Exchngeble-C Exchngeble-K Xl x x x x x Xl x x, x< x x x x, x x x x x x Xl x x s x, x x x xj x x x x x x? x x x2-5.53x x x x x x x? TABLE 3 Correltion coefficients between underground wter nd bottom soil properties in nursery ponds. Underground wter Soil Dissolved 2 Free co 2 Avilble N Avilble Exchngeble Exchngeble Conductivity P C K Orgnic crbon Totl N Phosphte-P Exchngeble C Exchngeble K * ** ** * * ** * ** ** * * df= 22, *p< 0.05, **p< 0.01 TABLE4 Correltion coefficient between the chemicl properties of bottom soil nd pond wter. Bottom soil Pond wter ph Totl N Orgnic crbon Avilble P Exchngeble C Exchngeble K Dissolved O 2 Free CO 2 Nitrte-N Phosphte-P Exchngeble-C Exchngeble-K * ^ df22 nd *p< PERTANIKAVOL. 14NO.3, 1991

5 GROUND WATER-BOTTOM SOIL-WATER INTERACTIONS IN TROPICAL CARP NURSERY PONDS. deprtment of Fisheries Biology nd Limnology, Bngldesh Agriculturl University, Mymensingh 2202, Bngldesh 2 Fisheries Reserch Institute, Mymensingh 2201, Bngldesh. ^Deprtment of Irrigtion nd Wter Mngement, Bngldesh Agriculturl University, Mymensingh 2202, Bngldesh. REFERENCES ALAM, M.J., M.A.B. HABIB nd M.A. ISLAM Multiple nd Liner Correltions of Some Physicochemicl Properties of Wter with Abundnt Gener of Zooplnkton in Nursery Ponds. Bngldesh J. Aquculture 6-7: ALI, M.M., M.A. ISLAM, M.A.B. HABIB nd S.M. RAHMATULLAH Effect of Meteorologicl nd Physico-Chemicl Fctors of Wter on the Growth of Phytoplnkton in Pond. Bngldesh]. Aquculture 6-7: AA, AWWA nd WPCF Methods for the Exmintion of Wter nd Wstewter Eighteenth Street, N.W., Wshington, D.C., U.S.A. BLACK, CA Methods of Soil Anlyses. Prt I nd II, Americn Soc. Agron., Inc., Publ., Mdison, Wisconsin. Fig. 3: Fluctutions of chemicl properties (men vlues) of bottom soil of six nursery ponds (verticl br represents stndrd error). mention tht interctions between bottom soil nd pond wter in the crp nursery ponds ply n importnt role for the vilbility of nutrients in the wter. Underground wter supply contributed to the increse of certin nutrients in the pond ecosystem. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The uthors wish to thnk Mr. M.A Ltif, Secretry, Bureu of Socio-Economic Reserch nd Trining, Fculty of Agriculturl Economics for providing computer fcilities. HABIB, M.A.B., M. MOHSINUZZAMAN, M.A. ISLAM, M.FA. MOLLAH nd M.S. RAHMAN Effect ofsome Physico-chemicl Fctors of Wter on the Growth nd Abundnce of Phytoplnkton. Bngldesh]. AgficScL 11: HABIB, M.A.B., M. AHMAD nd M. MOHSINUZZAMAN Soil Wter Interctions in Pond nd Their Correltions with Meteorologicl Fctors. Bngldesh J. Wter Res. 7: HABIB, M.A.B. nd M.S. RAHMAN Interction in nd between Some Properties of Pond Bottom nd Adjcent Lnd Soil of Three Bngldesh Soils. Pkistn]. Set. nd Ind. Res. 30: JACKSON, M.L Soil Chemicl Anlysis. London: Constble nd Compny Ltd. MATT, M.L Colorimetric Determintion of Phosphorus in Soil nd Plnt Mterils with Ascorbic Acid./ SoilSci. 109: (Received 9July, 1990) M. AHSAN BIN HABIB 1, M.JAHANGIRALAM 2, L. RAHMAN KHAN s MOMTAZ BEGUM 2 PERTANIKAVOL. 14NO.3,