MDB-Sponsored Regional Workshops to Mainstream Gender Equality in Infrastructure Policies and Projects

Transcription

1 MDB-Sponsored Regional Workshops to Mainstream Gender Equality in Infrastructure Policies and Projects Gender Dimension in Multinational Projects- Ethiopia/Kenya: Mombasa-Nairobi-Addis Ababa Road Corridor. Noel Kulemeka Principal Social Development Specialist Energy, Environment and Climate Change Department Hilton Hotel Addis Ababa, Ethiopia March,

2 Project Area and Beneficiaries In the general sense, the project road is a corridor affecting the whole of east and horn of Africa regions; hence the project area extends to include Uganda, Tanzania, Eritrea, and Djibouti. However, the corridor is being developed in phases, this is Phase II The ASAL in Kenya is an area of primarily pastoralists, livestock and dairy production dominate the local economy. The region accounts for 67% of the red meat and 12% of the milk consumed in Kenya. Livestock production and productivity are constrained by poor veterinary services, and poor access to markets all compounded by the lack of good road infrastructure. The Oromia Region is largely (89%) supported by subsistence agriculture. There is a wide variety of farm animals and crops based on the favorable climate, rich soils and normally sufficient rainfall. The main cash crops are coffee and khat. The development prospects brought by the road are critical to the development of the region and to better integrating it into national development. Anticipations: better market access, increased tourism, better distribution and lower cost for agricultural inputs, industrial goods and manufactured goods; also improved public services including health and education, and more efficient, less expensive distribution of food relief. 2

3 Mombasa Nairobi Addis Ababa Road Corridor Project Purpose The Project aims at promoting trade and regional integration between Ethiopia and Kenya by improving transport communications hence contribute to poverty reduction The Project involves construction to bitumen standard of 438 km road sections: Kenya: 245 km Merille River-Marsabit-Turbi Ethiopia: 193 km Ageremariam-Yabelo-Mega The total cost of the project is USD million with co-financing by the Bank Group (64%), the European Union (23%) and the Governments of Ethiopia and Kenya (13%) 3

4 Project Components Road Construction Civil Works (USD million) Border Posts and Roadside Socio-Economic Infrastructure (USD13.69 million) Consulting Services for Supervision, Design and Audit (USD16.75 million) Technical Assistance (USD3.86 million) Compensation and Resettlement (USD6.71 million) 4

5 Socio-economic Context of the Project National Level: Ethiopia and Kenya have over 1000 km of common border, with a combined population of over 100 million people. No single all-weather road connecting the two countries. The main road connecting Addis Ababa to Nairobi has more than 700 km of missing links including 366 km of gravel road in Kenya and more than 300 km of low standard and deteriorated paved road in Ethiopia. The road condition is a major constraint to trade between the two countries, e.g. trade statistics between Kenya and Uganda in 2007 was 10 times more trade than between Kenya and Ethiopia, despite Uganda having 25 million people compared to 75 million for Ethiopia. Local Level: Contribute to the growth and development of trade and urban centers, improvement of crop and livestock production and its marketing network. Exploitation of natural and human resource potentials of the project area are important to contribute to the development of the area; OSBP and Trade Facilitation legitimize currently banned informal cross border trade which negatively affect pastoral communities. 5

6 Expected Project Outcomes /Impacts Reduced transport and shipping costs between Kenya and Ethiopia Reduced transit time for import and export goods Increased volume of Ethiopian transit goods using the port of Mombasa Increased access to markets and social services for the surrounding areas and communities Empowered women and other disadvantaged groups through provision of roadside socio-economic infrastructure and services 6

7 Selected Project Inputs, Output Indicators (1/3) Construction of Merille River-Marsabit-Turbi (Kenya) and Agremariam-Yabelo-Mega (Ethiopia) Employment creation Approximately 2000 skilled and unskilled local jobs (30% women) created Populations of project area and road users sensitized to Road Safety, STIs, and HIV/AIDS Approximately 3000 people (50% women) sensitized to road safety, STIs, and HIV/AIDS 7

8 Selected Project Inputs, Output Indicators (2/3) Construction of Roadside socio-economic infrastructure (USD 13.69M) Roadside socio-economic infrastructure constructed Ethiopia: Two Roadside Stations built in Ageremariam and Yabelo incorporating public sanitation, market stands and shops, secured parking area, repair and refuelling stations, and drilling of 12 community water wells. Kenya: Two Roadside Stations built in Marsabit and Turbi incorporating construction and equipment for security outposts, public sanitation, market stands and shops, and the drilling of community water wells and water harvesting schemes. 8

9 Selected Project Inputs, Output Indicators (3/3) Compensation & Resettlements (USD6.71 M) Provision for the adequate compensation and resettlement support of Project Affected Persons Approximately 89 households (445 persons) will be affected (and may require relocation) by the road works on the Marsabit Turbi road section The Moyale Yabelo section has an estimated 524 households of which approximately 150 may requiring relocation. 9

10 Environmental and Social Aspects at Design Stage In Compliance with AfDB s Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures the project required a full ESIA and RAP ESIA Guidelines are set to achieve the improvement of the overall quality of life of the people by supporting an environmentally sustainable development, and the preservation and enhancement of the ecological capital across the continent of Africa. Rationale of the RAP is to ensure all Bank supported operations pay attention to projects that may result in the displacement of people, particularly the disadvantaged such as elderly, children, female headed households, poorest and marginalized communities. 10

11 Community Participation and Stakeholder Consultation The affected people and leaders in the project-impacted areas have to be consulted and encouraged to participate in all the processes of resettlement. Public involvement in this project was undertaken to assist in: Identifying and alleviate community fears related to the project and compensation issues; Identifying vulnerable social groups that need protection e.g. women, the disabled, the landless, orphans and other minorities; Identifying cultural and communal property; Identifying various socially and culturally acceptable resettlement alternatives where feasible; and Identifying the cultural/social groups which should move together where appropriate. 11

12 RAP Implementation Monitoring Monitoring of RAP is designed to assess in particular the situation of the vulnerable groups such as small and marginal landholders, unskilled laborers, mobile vendors, tribal populations, ethnic minorities, women, children, the elderly, and disabled persons. Monitored Indicators include: Social Services in the Impacted areas (education, etc.) Income Generation activities Means of livelihood Compensation Issues Community Participation in RAP Community health and Environment 12

13 Gender Analysis Demographic data: Including number of females heading households. Gender Inequality and Discrimination: High gender inequality resulting in gender disparities and poverty levels. Limited Economic Opportunities: Women have limited economic opportunities and less autonomy Control Over Property: Women have less control over property and other resources despite women taking an active role in income earning mainly from sale of milk, although are denied a chance to use this for any gainful economic use to improve their standards of living. Division of Labor: Women are over-burdened by domestic chores including caring for livestock (sheep and goats) and construction of the dwelling houses (tukuls). Participation in Decision making: Women have little participation in customary decision-making and are not involved in rangeland management decisions. Employment Opportunities for Women: In addition to discrimination, cultural beliefs among others have meant less employment opportunities for women. HIV/AIDS/STI: Interaction between the workforce and local women and girls may lead to family conflicts and unwanted pregnancies and prostitution, and the spread of HIV/AIDS/STI. 13

14 Important Gender Specific Impacts of Project Scarcity of Water supply in pastoralist areas. Water use for construction and project staff will exert pressure on availability of water for local people and livestock. Project will partner with the leadership in each clan to reach an agreement on water use. Water availability will be number one criterion for selecting camp site. Incomes affected by land grabs for detours and access roads. Restricting clearing of vegetation to what is absolutely necessary. Apply half-way construction method in order to reduce land take and damages to vegetation. 14

15 Gender Specific Interventions Ethiopia (1/2) The Roadside amenities to be build at Ageremariam and Yabelo will include space for laying and selling merchandise by road side which is a domain of women. In these amenities will be cold rooms for milk and animal preservation. There already exist women associations which would manage and operate the facilities. These are the two main activities that benefit women most, boosting their income by expanding the market and adding value. 15

16 Gender Specific Interventions Kenya (2/2) The Roadside amenities to be build at Marsabit and Turbi will include space for laying and selling merchandise by road side which is a domain of women. In these amenities will be cold rooms for milk and animal preservation. In collaboration with the local district sector representatives and the local offices of the Ministry of Northern Kenya, the project will construct small slaughter houses (for goats and sheep) and milk houses with simple processors. These are the two main activities that benefit women most, boosting their income by expanding the market and adding value. 16

17 Thank you for your attention Merci Beaucoup 17