Monitoring coastal Ecosystem-Based Adaptation: At the Water s Edge (AWE) in Grenville, Grenada.

Transcription

1 Monitoring coastal Ecosystem-Based Adaptation: At the Water s Edge (AWE) in Grenville, Grenada. Kimberly John, Vera Agostini & John Knowles The Nature Conservancy The 2nd International Conference on Evaluating Climate Change and Development, November 2014

2 Project premise: Governments and communities of small island states can enhance their resilience to climate change. by protecting, restoring and effectively managing their marine and coastal ecosystems and strengthening local capacity for adaptation

3 ARCT (private) innovation funding to pilot coastal EBA and resilience solutions in SIDS Implemented in Grenadine Bank since 2011

4 Intro to AWE M&E Grenville town in eastern Grenada selected as a pilot sitesocio-economic + ecological vulnerability Simpleevaluation methodology for pilot sites incorporating: ecological and socioeconomic indicators Project M&E is still in early stages of development and implementation.

5 Donor expectations of M&E are few: Largely TNC-led and determined during proposal development : user-friendly evaluation methodology incorporating ecological and socioeconomic indicators... No prescriptions for the M&E process, except audience understood to be local stakeholders room to innovate M&E approach & methodology.

6 In country expectations are varied Determined by needs assessment and consultations: Sustain M&E beyond life of project M&E must show: Save people s lives Save money in country Preserve ecosystems Increase in-country economy. Improve the livelihoods of the people

7

8

9 M&E approach derived from GIZ, WRI and TNC measures of Success 6-Steps to AWE M&E Describe the adaptation context Define the desired contributio n to adaptation Develop adaptation strategies Create an adaptation theory of change Choose indicators and set baselines Develop and implement a plan for M&E Project planning and development Monitoring & Evaluation

10 Grenville Site Goal: Reduce climate risk and increase resilience while improving benefits of coastal ecosystems

11 EBA STRATEGY PILOT Projects AWARENESS & CAPACITY BUILDING, LIVELIHOODS ENHANCEMENT REEF ENHANCEMENT MANGROVE REPLANTING

12 Coastal erosion REEF ENHANCEMENT Deposition Wave attenuation

13 AWARENESS & CAPACITY BUILDING, LIVELIHOODS ENHANCEMENT MANGROVE REPLANTING Shoreline stabilisation

14

15 REEF ENHANCEMENT AWARENESS & CAPACITY BUILDING, LIVELIHOODS ENHANCEMENT Adaptive Capacity

16

17 STRATEGIES & ACTIONS OUTCOMES GOAL

18 Indicators and Baselines Indicators Bio-physical and socio-economic measures of changing vulnerability Linked to strategies, actions, Reflect short, medium and long-term outcomes Meet accepted criteria: Simple, cost effective, scientifically sound, management relevant, affordable, etc. Baselines Enabling temporal and/or spatial comparisons

19 Cross-section of indicators Short term results: Number of mangrove seedlings replanted Long-term impacts: Mangrove forest health rating Ecological: Annual beach erosion/accretion rate (m/yr) Socio-economic: Value of assets and property losses due to coastal flooding and erosion during storms (USD) Direct protection: % Wave attenuation (in lee of bioengineered reef) Adaptive capacity: Level of awareness of climate vulnerability and access to information

20 Mangrove replanting strategy & indicators AWARENESS & CAPACITY BUILDING, LIVELIHOODS ENHANCEMENT Plant mangroves in key areas of Telescope SE Indicators: # People engaged/ employed in mangrove replanting, Amount of $ invested in mangrove replanting, Level of use of Telescope beach Adaptive Capacity MANGROVE REPLANTING Train and pay volunteers/communit y members to plant and maintain mangroves in vulnerable areas of Telescope Bio-Physical Indicators: Mangrove sapling growth and survival, forest stand density/selfpropagation (long term) Beach profile, area and accretion rates Shoreline stabilisation

21 M&E Plan Development/Implementation TBD Collaborative plan incl: Scheduling Data management Roles and responsibilities Budget Report Cards (audience and communication)

22 5 Challenges of M&E in EBA.beyond bucks and acres 1. Make M&E more than conservation monitoring as usual 2. Operationalize M&E with a limited budget 3. Establish ownership and coordination of M&E process in the long-term 4. Infuse robust M&E from the start of project to post-project phase 5. Develop good experimental design-finding control sites and populations

23 1. AWE M&E > conservation as usual Focus on ecosystems capacity to vulnerability more than inherent ecosystem health and size: Wave attenuation- fringing reefs Shoreline and sediment stabilisation- beach and mangroves Food and livelihood provision- fish nurseries and habitats Community identity, cohesion and recreation- beach Core indicators are tethered to biophys andsocio-econ adaptation factors in TOC Red Cross Vulnerability Capacity Assessment-Modified to include awareness of and dependencies on coastal ecosystem services

24 Nature + Socio-econ Vulnerability Biophysical indicators Socioeconomic indicators Socio-econ risks ecosystem extent ecosystem functioning ECOSYSTEM Eco- Service Coastal Habitat Socio-econ benefits Community awareness and practices EGOSYSTEM

25 2. Operationalize M&E on a limited budget Solution: Laser-focus on factors that are targeted by project activities Build on past and current initiatives- eg UNESCO Sandwatchto generate baselines, sampling methodologies and communication of beach dynamics

26 3. Ownership and coordination of project M&E Pursuing broad range of mutually beneficial technical partnerships and capacity building: Govt agencies, incl support for NAP Red Cross of Grenada Community Groups GIZ, UNDP Multi-year funding for each pilot project inclusive of M&E

27 5 Challenges of M&E in EBA.beyond bucks and acres 1. Make M&E more than conservation monitoring as usual 2. Operationalize M&E with a limited budget 3. Establish ownership and coordination of M&E process in the long-term 4. Infuse robust M&E from the start of project to post-project phase 5. Develop good experimental design-finding control sites and populations

28 Main messages AWE an emerging example of M&E for coastal ecosystem-based adaptation AWE M&E aims to incorporate measures of socio-econ vulnerability AND coastal ecosystem services that reduce vulnerability of coastal communities We welcome suggestions, collaboration and hard questions!

29 Thanks for listening in And thanks to our partners: Grenada Fund for Conservation, Sustainable Grenadines, Grenada Red Cross, University of New Hampshire, Grenada Department of Planning, Grenada National Disaster Management Agency (NaDMA), Grenada Fisheries Division, Find out more about our project here:

30 Extra Slides

31 1) Adaptation Context

32 AWE Strategies 1. Improve coastal community resilience in Telescope and Soubise. Supports the implementation of wider EBA strategy by improving the communities' cohesion & adaptive capacity 2. Improve coastal land-use and habitat quality This will help to stabilise the shoreline while meeting the community's needs, support the implementation of other EBA strategies and improve the communities' adaptive capacity. 3. Improve coastal protection in sensitive areas using bioengineered structures that provide additional ecosystem services: Enhanced reef structure in Telescope. Mangrove island in Soubise?

33 Biophysical Indicators Indicator details Baselines Beach erosion/accretion % change in beach area over time (area adjacent to mangrove and reef solutions as well as hydrologically rate Trend and annual change in beach width 1985 up to 1990 Upper Telescope West: eroding, -1.1m/yr connected areas down/up current). Using reference marksupper Telescope Central: eroding, -0.7m/yr and methodology from Grenada Coastal Monitoring Programme Field manual-(cambers et al 1993) Lower Telescope North: eroding, -3.9m/yr Lower Telescope Central: eroding, -2.5m/yr Lower Telescope South: accreting, 2.1m/yr Grenville: eroding, -0.8m/yr Beach profile area Beach Height X Width. Using reference marks and methodology from Grenada Coastal Monitoring Programme Field manual-(cambers et al 1993) Meaurements in m2 Upper Telescope West: , , , Upper Telescope Central: , , , , , Lower Telescope North: , , Lower Telescope Central: , , Lower Telescope South: 1988: 36.6, , Grenville: , , 1987, 19.4, , , Land-use context Description of land-use immediately adjacent to coastal TBD ecosystem: % cover of agriculture, pasture, urban, housing etc. Develop land-use classes from TNC GIS data. Mangrove seedling survival rate Mangrove forest health rating % of mangrove seedling surviving at each replanting site (or % mortality). This will be compared with rates at reference site. Forest structure (% cover, density) Canopy Height and Maturity Species Diversity and Richness-of mangrove forest as well as colonising animals and plants Recruitment Potential Forest "Health" (salt stress, disease, etc.) Being generated during pilot To be phased in as replanted mangroves become mature forest Number of Mangrove seedlings replanted number of mangrove seedlings planted each replanting site Being generated during pilot

34 Indicators Indicator details Baselines Change in income levels among Before and after surveys to generate % increase or TBD livelihood project participants decrease in income Importance of beaches Proportion of respondents that use the beach for income or food Telescope: 7.1% ( 5 out of 70 respondents) Total Project area: 35% (89 out of 258) Importance of beaches Proportion of persons with a positive attitude to cultural value of beaches (i.e. Agree and Strongly agree on cultural importance of beaches. ) Telescope: 29% (20 out of 70) Total Project area: 91% Importance of beaches Importance of mangroves to households Level of awareness of climate vulnerability and access to information Level of social cohesion and membership Level of social cohesion and membership Proportion of persons that visit beach at least once per month (includes daily, weekly and monthly visits) Proportion of households that use mangrove ecosystems for income or food Proportion of households that received information on, climate change, disasters, and natural habitats in last 6 months -a measure of adaptive capacity Proportion of interviewees who are members of a fisher cooperative. Proportion of respondents aware of organized groups or committees ready to decide what to do in case of a disaster. Telescope: 21% (15 out of 70) Total Project area:tbd Telescope: 1.4% Total Project area: TBD Telescope: 57.9% Total Project area: TBD Telescope: 1.4% (1 out of 70) Total Project area: 5% Telescope: 4.3% (39% no, 55.7 don't know) Total Project area: 1% yes (49% no, 59% don't know) Number of jobs and businesses generated through EBA activities Value of assets and property protected or enhanced by green infrastructure solutions Number of short and long-term jobs generated through EBA activities and other livelihood projects TBD- quantify how much the reef and mangrove restoration helps to reduce the deterioration of fishing dock other facilities hydrologically connected to green infrastruture solutions TBD TBD

35 Adaptation M&E resources: UNDP: Vulnerability Reduction Assessment (VRA), SGP Impact Assessment System, UNDP Climate Change Adaptation Indicator Framework UKCIP-AdaptMEa question-based approach WRI- SocMon Wongbusarakum & Loper Climate-eval GEF Adaptation Funds SEAChange: South East Asia Community of Practice for Monitoring and Evaluation of Climate Change intervention World Bank WWF GIZ- training

36 Climate-eval: References Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), (2011) Integrating climate change adaptation into development planning: A practice-oriented training based on an OECD Policy Guidance. (Module 5: Select adaptation measures and Module 6: Develop an M&E framework) Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), (2011) Making Adaptation Count- Concepts and Options for Monitoring and Evaluation of Climate Change Adaptation GIZ & WRI. Matepi, M., de Romilly, G., Waugh, J. (2010) Protecting Island Biodiversity and Traditional Culture in the Cook Islands Through Community-Based Climate Risk Management Margoluis, R. & Salafsky, N. (1998) Measures of success: designing, managing and monitoring conservation and development projects. Island Press, Washington D.C. Practical Action, WWF, IUCN Nepal, CECI Nepal and NAVIN (2010) Review of Community Based Vulnerability Assessment Methods and Tools Pringle, P. Asking the Right Questions -Monitoring and Evaluating Climate Adaptation.SEA Change webinar March OECD Pulwarty, R. & N. Hutchinson. (2009) Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment-A guidance manual for the conducting and mainstreaming vulnerability and capacity assessments in the Caribbean Region Stadelmann, M., Michaelowa, A., Butzengeiger-Geyer, S., Köhler. (2011) M. Universal metrics to compare the effectiveness of climate change adaptation projects. Center for Comparative and International Studies, University of Zurich, UNDP framework for monitoring climate change adaptation: _CCA.pdf &