Food, Water, Energy Nexus in arena of Climate Change By Dr. Kirit Shelat, I.A.S (Rtd) Executive Chairman-NCCSD. Conserving Now, Preserving Future

Transcription

1 Food, Water, Energy Nexus in arena of Climate Change By Dr. Kirit Shelat, I.A.S (Rtd) Executive Chairman-NCCSD

2 Food Water, Energy Nexus : Water, energy and food are inextricably linked. Water is an input for producing agricultural goods in the fields and along the entire agro-food supply chain. Energy is required to produce and distribute water and food to pump water from ground water or surface water sources, to power tractors and irrigation machinery, and to process and transport agricultural goods.

3 Conti The demand for fresh water, energy and food will increase significantly over next decades under pressure of increased urbanization, growing middle income families, increased manufacturing activities, transportation, diversified diets, so on and so forth. As per FAO estimates, this situation is expected to be exacerbated in near future as 60 percent more food will be needed for the growing world population. The Global Energy Consumption is projected to grow up by 50% by Total Global water withdrawals for irrigation are projected to increase by 10 percent by 2050.

4 Conti As demand grows, there is competition between different stakeholders particularly agriculture, the farmers and urbanities and within the village level for drinking purpose of families and livestock and for farming. The Water is become scarce with increasing intense climatic events and increasing temperature due to Global Warming.

5 The need for Nexus : As a concerned citizen, we are aware of food, energy and water challenges, but and addressed them in isolation, within sectoral boundaries. Water, energy and food security are to be simultaneously achieved. A nexus approach to sectoral management, through enhanced dialogue, collaboration and coordination, Integration at all levels is needed to ensure. Climate change is a serious threat to food, water and energy security and most important challenge in this millennium.

6 Indian Perspective

7 The Indian Situation: WORLD ECONOMY: The world population is increasing with growing urbanization. The demand for food and food products is growing increasingly with this along with growing middle income class. This has increased demand for Fruits-Flowers-Vegetables, Processed Food and Fast Food, Dairy, Meat & Fisheries. With adverse impacts of climatic events i.e., cyclone and continuing droughts in very many areas of world, the food production is on decline and this is a challenge to provide food & food security hungry millions.

8 Indian Economy: It is growing at rapid rate and growth is going to be accelerated in coming years. Agriculture sector is single largest employer It employs about half of workforce i.e., 65% in rural areas. An estimated million forming household. India has second largest arable land in the world and huge track of waste lands which can be converted into productive assets with use of technology with vegetable cover and grass land which can support a very large livestock development programme. India with integrated nexus approach can perhaps provide food & food products not only to its own growing population but the world with its massive agriculture base and adaptive farmers.

9 The Indian Perspective for Food Water Energy Nexus SUSTAINABLE FOOD VALUE CHAIN India has taken series of measures to develop a Sustainable Food Agriculture Value Chain with focus on small holders who own 90% farm holding let me make clear what I mean by Sustainable Food Value Chain: It involves integration of all action from bottom to top in value chain. This is a big challenge in arena of Climate Change. Despite adverse weather events the country has maintained its agriculture growth and it is in process of accelerating it.

10 Conti.. The Prime Minister of India Shri Narendra Modi has declared country s determination to Double Income of its Farmers. This will enhance overall production and that in turn is creating need for promoting agroprocessing: from micro enterprises to small & medium and large scale enterprise and market chain and exports. Value up-gradation at farmers level involves cleaning, grading, packaging & clean storage to meet the best quality demanded by urban consumers and for exports. Reduction in wastage both at farm level to market chain to reduce loss of food which is about 5% to 25%. Farmer is losing that much income. Promotion of local level processing and linkage food vegetables, fruits, flowers from village to market & processing chain. In Gujarat MACAIN is directly collecting potatoes from farmers land and provides input. There are many such examples across the country.

11 Conti.. Introduction of Soil Health Card to each farmers & guide him to select crops which can be sustained by his Soil. Promotion of organic farming including organic milk and butter. The world demand is growing for organic food. This also includes organic pasta and organic cotton sports wear. Country s huge Bio-diversity which includes Medicinal Herbs which can be used as input in Modern Medicines. Introduction of scientific Agriculture with introduction of Good Agriculture Practices. It links Local Village level - available marketable lots with or without cold chain to local processing to large scale processing & marketing within and outside country.

12 Conti.. Promotion integrated water management programme which involves efficient use of available water resources through comprehensive micro-irrigation programme and water harvesting through construction of check dams bunds community ponds farm ponds including river basin management and inter-linking of rivers and lands. A massive programme for use of solar energy with focus on village level individual and community based activities. A similar massive programme of bio-gas both individual and community which includes cow-dung and agro-waste and developing vermi compost.

13 Conti.. The main drivers to these are: Increasing number of Educated Young Farmers & New Farmers - the Women Farmers. Promotion micro & small Enterprises at local level with multi skilled rural youth. Technological intervention through the chain from introduction of scientific farming to fast food supply chain. Higher disposable income with growing middle income families. Improved infrastructure. Offering increasing trade opportunities E Market Links even with International Markets. Emergence of organized retail market outlets. Series of supportive schemes are introduced by Govt. of India for Micro-Irrigation, Bioenergy, Wind-energy & Solar-energy.

14 Gujarat Approach Food, Water, Energy- Nexus

15 Integrated Water resource Management Gujarat Water conservation dams-check dams, watersheds, borri bandh, village ponds-farm ponds. Inter linking of river and canals like Narmada canal with Sabarmati River. The Sardar Sarovar Dam on Narmada river- which is linked by canals water for irrigation to water-starved districts and also providing water to urban areas and Narmada water pipeline is linked villages in water starved area to meet drinking water requirement of human beings and cattle. Gujarat has adopted Participatory approach: The check dams, water-sheds, minorirrigation canals are under participating approach- right from construction to maintenance and management of its use by village community. More than 1, 00,000 check dams have been constructed under this approach.

16 Conti.. Milro- Irrigation is propagated Government has set up an independent organization for mass introduction of drip and sprinkler irrigation known as Gujarat Green revolution Co Ltd- which is providing subsidies for laying of drip irrigation and its maintenance for three year with insurance cover and guiding farmer for its use and maintains and monitors its implementation. As a result of above approach while ground water level of many states have declined in recent years, the Gujarat is an exception.

17 GUJARAT INDIA - EXPERIENCE Reach out to Farmers at Doorstep: Krishi Mahotsav Approach The Gujarat Experience of Sustainable Climate Resilient Agriculture Gujarat is situated on the western coast of India. Diverse in its topography, it has 1600 km coast line and is home to the largest desert in the country known as Rann of Kutch. The state has had all possible handicaps faced by agriculture such as 70% of agriculture being rain-fed, recurrent droughts, untimely/irregular rainfall and some areas receiving rain only three to four days in a year. Gujarat s agriculture suffered heavily whenever there were droughts. The growth rate of agriculture used to be negative during such years. In a normal year, the agricultural growth rate used to be 1 to 3%.

18 NEW EXTENSION APPROACH In the new millennium, Gujarat, with determination and persistent efforts, changed the agriculture scenario. From 2004 onwards, agriculture witnessed a major turnaround with a growth of 11% per year. This was an initiative in all 18,000 villages known as Krishi Mahotsav the festival of Agriculture. This was led from top by Chief Minister (Who is now the Prime Minister), Shri Narendra Modi. For action at bottom - the village level and at individual farmer level. Entire model was developed based on the needs of farmers and to provide knowledge and technology to them at their door steps. The speaker was responsible for developing policy and the detailed implementation framework and to develop module to monitor its implementation.

19 A CASE STUDY Integrated River Basin Management About Kutch Semi arid climate average 330 mm of rainfall in 15 rainy days Recurring drought forcing migration of community in search of livelihood and fodder for their animal Low productivity of agricultural land Coastal area prone to salinity ingress

20 VRTI Serving to Community In Kutch Vivekanand Research & Training Institute

21 Integrated River Basin Management It is a process of coordinating conservation, management and development of water, land and related resources across sectors within a given river basin. It ensures Economic, Social and Environmental sustainability and ensure Food, Water & Energy security along with good quality of life with objective to provide sustainable livelihood.

22 Rukmavati River Basin Pilot Project No of Villages 55 Total population 1,26,148 Total Area 72,030 Ha. Total Agricultural Land 42,207 Ha. Irrigated Land 18,526 Ha. Cultivable Wasteland 5,649 Ha. Forest Area 4,282 Ha. Other Land 21,801 Ha.

23 Project Highlights Total convergence Rs. 600 million in 6 years span Water Resource management (Hydrology): 107 new rain water harvesting structures, 1692 beneficiaries farmers, 3784 Ha of lands got irrigation security, improvement in ground water quality 99 renovation (desilting) of existing structures 485 beneficiaries farmers, 625 Ha area received fertile silt which resulted in reduced requirement of chemical fertilizer Efficient use of water through promotion of drip irrigation 4100 Ha of land, 50% saving in irrigation water

24 Landscape Restoration Initiating journey through Rain water harvesting Prevention of Salinity ingress in coastal area Water storage capacity of different structure 100,000 million liter Watershed programme 42,000 Ha Managing agricultural land 40,000 Ha IMPACT Holistic rural development

25 Project Highlights Natural resource management (soil, agriculture) Promotion of composting 900 farmers, Instead of burning farm waste, farmers converting it to compost thereby improvement in soil fertility (2000 MT waste converted to compost from 400 Ha of area) Promoting legume as inter crop nitrogen fixation in soil and also providing food security (Nitrogen fixation MT in 3600 Ha (224 MT urea saving)

26 Project Highlights Animal husbandry Pasture land development in about 540 Ha of land providing fodder security Improving market linkage, 20% increase in income Tree plantation 40,000 trees planted in basin area to improve greenery Promoting horticultural plantation 983 Ha land having permanent green cover

27 CO2 sequestration in Rukmavati River Basin CO2 sequestration enhanced by 113,722 MT per year in 2014 with respect to 2009 in whole basin, which is 21% increase in sequestered CO2 Crop coefficient data from FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) database. Data Used Landsat 7 and 8 data from USGS (United StatesGeological Survey) website. Solar irradiance, temperature, rainfall data from meteorological observations.

28 A CASE STUDY Management of Agriculture And cattle waste Community Bio gas project Chotta Udepur India The cow-dung and agriculture waste are the major cause of Mythane The Chhota Udepur, a remote Tribal Taluka saw a major community initiative in which about 3 to 4 slurry was utilized appropriately. It network of gas pipelines was laid for supply of gas to all of households. A Community biogas plant set up after interaction with village community. The State Government provided financial assistance though a registered cooperative society in the village. Animal holder paid price for cow dung per kg. Per month Rs.200/- for gas connection - 70 householders. A Vermicompost was bed set up and slurry used for it. Liquid slurry is not marketable but when it converted into vermicompost, and transported to urban centers in bags after meeting local demand. Thus it becomes marketable product, which is the key to success of the project. The gobar and Agri waste emanates methane gases which affect environment but converted in Biogas has different value addition to environment and is a solution to problem.

29 BIOGAS PROJECT CHHOTA UDEPUR

30 Energy : Gujarat Introduced took a bold approach to provide electricity to rural areas under Jyotir Gram Yojana. It provided three phase power for 24 hours in rural areas. It introduced normal electricity terrif for residential area of village. It continued subsidized electricity to agriculture for eight hours. It crated two different greed- one for residential area and another agriculture area. Hence now its entire village has 24 hours electricity. This has encouraged local processing of agriculture products and improved quality of village life and that of students who can study at night also and has also reduced migration.

31 A CASE STUDY Solar Water Pump Bhavnagar,Gujarat India A farmer of Sartanpar village, about 25 km from Bhavnagar has installed solar water pump having 7.5 HP capacity. It pumps out water from about 400 ft deep bore-well. It runs about 8 to 10 hrs a day when sky is clear and sun-shine is good enough. Although, presently initial cost is high, that is around Rs 8 lakh for installing 7.5 HP pump but Running Cost is zero!!!. A farmer has to keep solar panels clean to maintain maximum efficiency. That is all. In very near future, hopefully, cost of solar panel may come down and government provides subsidy for such unit, some farmers will definitely get the benefit of this clean technology. Well, presently, electricity (conventional) for agriculture is greatly subsidized by the government, just has to shift it and promote generation of this clean energy which is abundant!!!

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33 A CASE STUDY-Solar Pumps: This is an innovative project who can study can evening and night to use solar energy in Dhundi village of Anand district by Setting up Dhundi Solar Pump Irrigation Cooperative. Install solar pumps for pumping of water. Use solar panels for producing electricity. When pump is not used, panels are linked with local electrical greed and farmers are paid for electricity produced

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36 CONCLUSION The Indian approach has multiple dimensions: An economic dimension which focuses on activities that each stakeholder farmers, businessman, service providers, manufacturers, exporters that is commercially viable and adds to their income & add wealth to nation through community initiative with direct link to manufacturers, retail outlets and exports. An Environmental dimension which makes sustainable use of agro-waste bio-gas- vermi compost & simultaneous use of urbonite food waste both for generation of energy and green manure and thereby reduction in Green House Gases - which is cause of global warming. It has Social dimension A government initiative to free farmers from clutches of local level traders who control farmers and buy at low price or cartel of traders who control overall supply chain and keep them always indebted.

37 Thank you Dr. Kirit Shelat National Council for Climate Change, Sustainable Development and Public Leadership (NCCSD) Patel Block, Rajdeep Electronics Compound, Stadium Circle, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad Gujarat, INDIA. Phone: (Off) (M) info@nccsdindia.org Website: