International Crop Diversity Collections. Towards greater efficiency and sustainability

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1 International Crop Diversity Collections Towards greater efficiency and sustainability

2 GENEBANKS ARE GOOD VALUE! Cooperation 88 C88 400,000 ha in China Economic benefits USD 350 M per year Kasetsart 50 KU 50 1 million hectares in Thailand and Vietnam Aggregate economic benefits > USD 97 M Only possible because of conserved germplasm in genebanks Robinson & Srinivasan, 2013

3 Genetic Diversity Wild Relatives ~ Ancestors Domestication Early Modern Breeding Local Adaptation ~ Traditional Varieties Today s Breeding Climate Responsive Genetic Diversity Grasses 50 MYBP Oryza speciation 15MYBP Evolutionary Time Tomorrow s Breeding

4 INTERNATIONAL GENEBANKS

5 CONSERVING FOREVER USD 2.5 M in Long-term Grants to support conservation of key collections and the Svalbard Global Seed Vault USDMillions !2500.0!!!!!2000.0!!!!!1500.0!!!!!1000.0!!!!!500.0!!!!!Edible!Aroids!!Chickpea!!Len@l!!Faba!bean!!Lathyrus!!Pearl!Millet!!Barley!!Maize!!Sweet!Potato!!Forages!!SGSV!!Wheat!!Yam!!Banana!!Sorghum!!Bean!!Cassava!!Rice!!"!!!!!! 1! 2! 3! 4! 5! 6! 7! 8! 9!

6 WHAT MAKES THEM DIFFERENT?

7 COUNTRIES RECEIVING GERMPLASM

8 ROLE OF CROP TRUST Building a Global System Fundraising Global Information Portals Crop Conservation Strategies Monitoring and Oversight

9 GENEBANKS CRP Crop & tree diversity is secured in perpetuity Germplasm is clean, available and disseminated Use is informed and facilitated Cost-effective global system is developed

10 ONLINE REPORTING TOOL Performance Indicators

11 TARGETS Indicator Availability: % collection which is clean (of seed-borne pathogens of quarantine risk), viable, in sufficient seed number to be made immediately available for international distribution from medium term storage Security: % collection held in long-term storage conditions in two locations and also in the Svalbard Global Seed Vault. For clonal crops the target is for 50% of the collection to be held in cryopreservation in two locations, with an intermediary target of 90% of the collection to be held in slow growth conditions in vitro in two locations Data availability: % collection with minimum passport and/or characterization data available online Quality Management System (including risk management and user satisfaction) Targets or Challenges 90% accessions in the current costed collection 90% accessions in seed collections 90% accessions in in vitro collections (longterm target 50% accessions in cryopreservation) 90% accessions in the collection Minimum elements of QMS are in place.

12 CHALLENGES Indicator Distribution of diversity: number of discrete accessions distributed in a single year and over a ten-year period Distribution of samples: number of samples disseminated in a single year and over a ten-year period Increased efficiency: examples include days between harvest and storage; years since previous regeneration, duration between subcultures for clonal crops to be refined Cost per accession: per accession cost of routine genebank operations Targets or Challenges To ensure that a significant proportion of the diversity in the collection is explored and used. To increase distribution to more countries and more users Increase storage efficiency Maintain costs per accession within an appropriate range, comparable with other genebanks

13 EXTERNAL REVIEWS Bioversity (Oct 2013) CIMMYT (Nov 2013) IITA (Mar 2014) AfricaRice (May 2014) AfricaRice CIMMYT

14 QUALITY MANAGEMENT

15 ONLINE REPORTING TOOL Performance Targets Performance Targets Availability Security Data availability QMS Use: diversity Use: quantity User satisfaction Relative efficiency Cost efficiency Africa Rice CIAT CIMMYT CIMMYT ICARDA ICRAF ICRIS IITA seed wheat maize AT seed ILRI IRRI

16 AVAILABILITY

17 DETERMINING COSTS Latest and most comprehensive costing study-2010 Capital costs of facilities/infrastructure Capital cost of equipment Staff costs Labor costs Operating expenses

18 EVOLUTION OF GENEBANK COSTS

19 DETERMINING COSTS Sample Annual Per Accession Costs AfricaRice Rice Bioversity Banana and Plantain CIAT Beans Cassava Tropical Forages CIP Andean R&T Potato Sweet Potato

20 ROLE OF CROP TRUST

21 ANNUAL FUNDING NEEDS CGIAR Fundoptimisation CGIAR Fund (incl. matching funds) Collections requiring upgrading Crop Diversity Endowment Fund Collections reaching performance targets

22 ANNUAL FUNDING NEEDS

23 The Crop Trust Partnership is working hard to ensure that International Genebanks thrive and serve fully the breeders, researchers and farmers of today and tomorrow.