Module 3: NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION

Transcription

1 Technical Modules Module 3: NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION Sustainable Agriculture Standard July, 2017 Version 1

2 D.R Red de Agricultura Sostenible, A.C. This document is provided by Red de Agricultura Sostenible, A.C. (also known as Sustainable Agriculture Network) to Rainforest Alliance, Inc. and/or to its successors, under the terms and subject to the limitations set forth in the perpetual, exclusive, non-transferrable license granted by Red de Agricultura Sostenible, A.C. in favor of Rainforest Alliance, Inc., or its successors under the terms and conditions set forth in an agreement between the parties (the Agreement ), in the understanding that: 1. All content of this document, including, but not limited to text, logos, if any, graphics, photographs, trade names, etc. of Red de Agricultura Sostenible, A.C, is subject to copyright protection in favor of the Red de Agricultura Sostenible, A.C. and third party owners who have duly authorized the inclusion of their work, under the provisions of the Mexican Federal Law on Copyright (Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor) and other related national and / or international laws. The Rainforest Alliance name and trademarks are the sole property of Rainforest Alliance. 2. Rainforest Alliance, Inc., and / or its successors, shall only use the copyrighted material under the terms and conditions of the Agreement. 3. Under no circumstance shall it be understood that a license, of any kind, over this document has been granted to any third party different from Rainforest Alliance, Inc., or its successors. 4. Except for the terms and conditions set forth in the Agreement, under no circumstance shall it be understood that Red de Agricultura Sostenible, A.C. has, partially or totally, waived or assigned the copyrighted material. More information? For more information about the Rainforest Alliance, visit or contact info@ra.org Translation Disclaimer Translation accuracy of any Rainforest Alliance sustainable agriculture certification program document into languages other than English is not guaranteed nor implied. For any questions related to the accuracy of the information contained in the translation, refer to the English official version. Any discrepancies or differences created in the translation are not binding and have no effect for auditing or certification purposes.

3 Module 3 - Page 2 Table of contents Contributions of this module Principle III: What are its objectives? Soil management and conservation.. 5 Related criteria Good auditing practices Water management and conservation Binding Terms and Definitions Related criteria Management and conservation of water resources Good auditing practices Waste management Binding Terms and Definitions.. 31 Related criteria.. 32 Waste management plan. 34 Good auditing practices integrated pest management. 39 Binding Terms and Definitions. 43 Integrated Pest Management Plan.. 48 Related criteria.. 49 How are the criteria audited?.. 51 Mitigation of pesticide-associated risks Related criteria.. 53 How are the criteria audited?.. 54 Mitigation of risk and environmental impact 55 Mitigation of risks to health.. 61

4 Module 3 - Page 3 Contributions of this module The conservation and proper management of natural resources is basic to sustainable agriculture. Its purpose is to minimize the negative impacts that agricultural practices can have on the environment, make rational and sustainable use of natural resources, and avoid having effects on workers, their families and communities. Principle 3 of the 2017 Standard establishes requirements for: Soil conservation and management Water conservation and management Waste management The Guide to the 2017 Standard is a key tool for the implementation and evaluation of its requirements. Integrated pest management and pesticide handling This module provides the following tools to optimize the work of the technical community: Graphics that explain the objectives and key topics of Principle 3; Information on related Rainforest Alliance Terms and Definitions and their correct interpretation; Tables showing the interrelationships between criteria (for all the standards), which enable a comprehensive understanding all the requirements related to natural resource conservation; Recommendations for auditing complex topics; Cases and illustrative examples of complex topics.

5 Principle III What are its objectives? Module 3 - Page 4 Minimizing negative impacts on soil Soil conservation and management Optimize the fertilization and soil health plan Climate Smart Agriculture Integrated Pest Management and Pesticide Handling Waste Management Noncontamination of aquatic ecosystems with wastewater Water Quality and RA Parameters Water conservation and rational use Natural Resource Conservation Water Management and conservation IPM as work plan Prohibited and Restricted Pesticides with mitigation measures

6 SOIL CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT

7 Module 3 - Page 6 Soil conservation and management Soil management is a key element for enhancing farm productivity and conserving ecosystems. The farms implement good practices for the rational management of the resource and improving soil health. This implies that the soil of every farm is managed using a preventive approach for conservation and continuous improvement. As a result of the implementation of Rainforest Alliance criteria, soil management aims to minimize the negative impacts on this resource and improve its health and functions. For the 2017 Standard, proper soil management and use must address the following key aspects: 1. Planning activities taking soil characteristics into account to achieve greater productivity and sustainable production. 2. Including soil management in the productivity plan. 3. Implementing measures and practices to conserve soil. 4. Minimizing negative impacts on soils (erosion, salinization, compaction). 5. Minimizing the environmental impact of poorly managed soils. 6. Restoring the soil. 7. Optimizing soil health.

8 Module 3 - Page 7 Key topics in soil management Soil health: It is the objective of the 2017 Standard that producers carry out practices to increase soil health, such as: Soil erosion 1. Incorporation of organic matter. 2. Use of cover crops and compost or mulches. 3. Promotion of biodiversity. 4. Minimum tillage. 5. Introduction of nitrogen-fixing plants (provided they do not compete with the crop). This is a very common problem for tropical soils, where the rainy periods are very intense. The Standard emphasizes that producers must avoid and minimize the erosion of soils on their farms, through effective strategies and management practices. Compaction If practices that increase soil compaction are implemented, preventive measures must be taken to avoid this; for already compacted soils, practices are carried out to remedy this soil problem. Management ofsoil fertility Soil fertility is monitored and the nutrients extracted by the crop are restored through a fertilization plan based on crop needs and soil conditions.

9 Module 3 - Page 8 Soil conservation and management Related criteria (1 of 2) CRITERIA Critical 2.3 Production activities do not degrade any protected area. Note: the definition of degradation includes no soil removal C The farm management and group administrator develop and update regularly a farm management plan to optimize productivity, input use efficiency, and compliance with this standard. The plan includes soil health and erosion. Note: non-soil related aspects of this criterion have been omitted. C Farms reduce water and wind erosion through practices such as ground covers, mulches, re-vegetation of steep areas, terracing, filter strips, or minimization of herbicide use. C Fire may be used only for pest control, only as prescribed by the IPM plan and only if it creates less negative environmental impact than other pest control measures. To protect nearby natural ecosystems, infrastructure, and communities, fire is applied only by trained workers with fire suppression tools, personal protective equipment, and access to water for firefighting, and only when wind speed and direction create minimal risk of uncontrolled burning. If fire is used, fire use areas and history are indicated on updated farm maps. B B 3.11 Farms implement practices such as crop rotation, planting of nitrogen-fixing ground covers or cover crops, or application of compost or mulch to maintain or enhance soil health. Nutrient management practices are implemented based on assessment of crop needs, regular monitoring of soil fertility and crop nutrient status, or recommendations from local agronomic experts. Organic fertilizers are preferentially used where locally available.

10 Module 3 - Page 9 Soil conservation and management Related criteria (2 of 2) CRITERIA B 3.12 Farms apply fertilizers precisely to make nutrients available when and where crops need them and to minimize loss to or contamination of the environment. Equipment for mixing and applying fertilizer is calibrated annually, after maintenance, or whenever the product type is changed. B 3.13 Farms reduce soil compaction through no-till or reduced-tillage farming, low pressure tires, or restrictions on vehicle size and access times. B 5.19 The farm management and group administrator develop and implement a pasture management plan including: Selection of forage species considering agro-ecological conditions, production rates, nutritional value, non-invasiveness, resistance to pests, and climatic variability; Periodic evaluation of pasture condition and level of weed infestation; and Actions to avoid overgrazing and pasture degradation. B 5.22 Urine and manure from cattle stables and enclosures are collected, composted or treated to reduce pathogens and minimize methane emissions. Composted solids are reused as part of the production system. A 3.14 Based on record-keeping (see 1.11), the farm management and group administrator demonstrate that nutrient inputs to crops and soils are sufficient to compensate for production-related uptake and losses, but do not contribute to eutrophication through excessive application.

11 Module 3 - Page 10 Soil conservation and management Good auditing practices RELEVANT INFORMATION TO REVIEW In new farms and new productive areas, it is important to ensure that the company has considered the characteristics of the crop and the soil in the design and establishment of the productive operation and for the construction of infrastructure. Which documents can be requested?: a) Previous soil studies on soil depth and physical-chemical characteristics as well as crop requirements. b) Studies of land use and capacity have confirmed the suitability of the site. c) In the case of small producers that do not have the information mentioned: conduct an interview to confirm the criteria that took into account the selection of the terrain, accompanied by a visual audit. d) If an ESIA was done for the farm, a soil evaluation is part of this study. From these studies it is concluded that the soils are suitable for the activities and corrective measures or management actions are established to minimize the negative impacts, if any exist. Soil management is documented as part of the productivity plan: The practices and measures to conserve, improve and restore the soil are detailed. Soil problems (physical-chemical, erosion, compaction, salinization, etc.), problematic sites on the farm, and the measures taken for the sustainable management of this resource are identified.

12 Module 3 - Page 11 Soil conservation and management Good auditing practices Before going to the field Verify that the soil is managed in a planned way as part of the productivity plan and that measures to conserve, restore and improve the soils in the medium to long term are taken into account and include measures to offset sensitive or risk aspects that were found in the ESIA (if applicable). Evaluate whether actions are taken to remedy problems that require soil restoration, such as problems of salinization, acidification, or loss of organic matter. Confirm the implementation of soil conservation measures and remediation actions in areas that require them; areas that require remediation may be detected in previous studies or during a visual inspection. If the farm is required to have an ESIA: verify whether the aspects related to soil quality and management were evaluated. Check the proposed fertilization and nutrition plan and confirm that this covers the needs of the crop, and that dosages are in accordance with the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil. Auditing in the field Verify the use of practices and techniques to prevent erosion and runoff on the farm, such as: green cover crops, contour crops, runoff water diversion channels, use of sewers, water cuts on roadways, and measures to lower the speed of water in channels, among others. For those crops with intensive use of machinery: check that soil management includes measures to avoid or remedy compaction problems. For example, in crops such as sugarcane, pineapple, grains, orange, melon and watermelon. Verify that the use of fire is limited only to the technical specifications contained in the IPM Plan and the requirements established in Criterion C-3.9 are met. Verify that harvest residues are treated or incorporated into the soil, where possible. Analyze whether measures are implemented to prevent eroded crop soil from contaminating aquatic ecosystems. Analyze the progress in meeting the established goals. Verify that there is coherence between what is observed in the field and what is documented in the management plan (bear in mind that measures for remediation generally show results over the long term).

13 Module 3 - Page 12 Soil conservation and management Good auditing practices Visual inspection Check the farm maps and locate areas with high erosion potential: terrain or plots with steep slopes, soils with sandy structures, and areas with no canopy cover. According to the management plan data, check the measures that have been implemented and their progress. Confirm that the measures taken by the farm are sufficient to control erosion. Confirm that no soil has been removed from protection zones and conservation areas. In grazing areas: check the animal load, grass cover conditions, soil quality, and weather conditions. Inspect the farm s machinery and its dimensions and confirm whether the farm(s) implement measures to prevent compaction; for example: the implementation of agricultural practices such as subsoiling. Erosion symptoms During the audit process, it is important to determine the degree of soil erosion on the farm. The most obvious symptoms of erosion are: Landslides; Exposed roots; Sedimentation in water channels, streams and rivers; Pedestals under stones, crops and/or other geological formations. Take into account the time of year and the presence or absence of rains in the season of the inspection. Pedestals caused by soil erosion

14 Module 3 - Page 13 Soil conservation and management Good auditing practices Compaction Soil compaction is a problem that in some cases is not observed at first glance. It even occurs in low soil layers more than 40 cm deep. High intensity use of agricultural machinery in the fields is the main cause of compaction. In crops such as pineapple, sugarcane, grains, melon, and watermelon, mechanized agricultural practices are commonly used. Some tips for auditing the criteria related to this concept are: In the crop management plan, check which tasks are done using machinery. Confirm whether there are any limitations on the transit of machinery under special conditions such as rain, and check whether these limitations are respected. Make an estimate of the number of machinery passes through the crop field and take into account the dimensions of the equipment and the use of mitigation measures for equipment, such as: Tire type and size. Tire inflation pressure. Weight distribution of the equipment. Check whether the farm takes measures to reverse the process with subsoiling practices or biological strategies such as crop rotation. Important notes There are some productive systems whose characteristics facilitate soil erosion; and in these cases it is necessary to pay more attention to signs of erosion. Some of these characteristics are: Crops fully exposed on sloping soils (whether gentle, moderate or steep); Crops that rely extensively on machinery; Crops with hydric needs that are met by rainfall; and Crops where there is intensive use of herbicides. Crops that show some of the characteristics mentioned above are: sugarcane, vegetables, pineapple, coffee, cocoa, and others.

15 Module 3 - Page 14 Soil conservation and management Good auditing practices Management of soil fertility Good soil management must take soil fertility into account; therefore, as a minimum, the farms must replace the nutrients the crop extracts from the soil to maintain its balance and health. Under this premise, the fertilization plan must be a function of productivity. During the audit it is important to: Confirm the realization of soil and/or foliar analyses as a monitoring mechanism for soil nutritional quality. Check that there is a nutrition and fertilization plan for the crop. Check that the fertilization plan and the recommended fertilizer doses cover the needs of the crop according to its yield (crop needs are determined through theoretical estimates based on research and on the site s climatic characteristics, crop variety and edaphological conditions). Confirm that the fertilizer application mechanisms are appropriate and take into account the phenological status of the crop and the climatic conditions of the area. Check that there are regular procedures for the calibration of the fertilizer application equipment.

16 WATER MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION

17 Module 3 - Page 16 Water management and conservation Contributions of this section Water is a vital and necessary resource for life and agricultural and livestock production. The 2017 Standard aims to ensure that the farms and their productive systems make efficient use of the resource, care for water sources, and prevent contamination. Good water management under the 2017 Standard implies: 1. That the producers, workers and their families have access to sufficient potable water to cover their essential needs. 2. Minimizing the volume of water used in all farm activities and processes. 3. Preventing the contamination of water sources and bodies present on the farm, and in protected or conservation areas. 4. Managing wastewater so that it does not pollute, or it can be exploited or reused. 5. In the event the wastewater cannot be used, it is disposed of in compliance with the various Rainforest Alliance Parameters or the applicable law, whichever is more strict. 6. Establishing a water conservation plan, with records and information on the source and the volume used in each activity. These records allow efficient management, verify the legal operation of the sources, and demonstrate compliance with the Rainforest Alliance parameters. Objective of water management To optimize water resource management by minimizing water use and eliminating the risk of contamination of the sources, water bodies and natural ecosystems that could be receivers of wastewater. Criteria and requirements The 2017 Standard establishes criteria and requirements for: 1. The management of water and its sources. 2. Water for human consumption: producers, workers and their families 3. Water for animal consumption. 4. Water for irrigation. 5. Water for agro-industrial use. 6. Disposal of wastewater (industrial, sewage and greywater). In this section you will find: Related Rainforest Alliance Terms and Definitions and their correct interpretation. Tables that show the interrelationships between criteria for an integral understanding of all the requirements related to water management. Recommendations for auditing complex topics.

18 Module 3 - Page 17 Water management and conservation Binding terms and definitions Because these Terms and Definitions are binding, we emphasize their importance to a correct understanding of the different criteria and requirements Aquatic ecosystems: Flowing and still water bodies and other wetlands, as further defined within the definition of natural ecosystems. Eutrophication: A form of water pollution that occurs when excessive nutrients stemming from fertilizers runoff from the land into aquatic ecosystems. This encourages dense growth of algae (algal bloom) and other aquatic plants and may result in the death of animal life from lack of oxygen. Greywater: Wastewater generated from housing or other infrastructure that is free from fecal contamination from toilets. Sources of greywater include sinks, showers, baths, clothes washing or dish washing. Wastewater from agricultural processing operations is not considered greywater for the purpose of this standard. Sewage: Wastewater and waste solids that contain fecal matter. Any wastewater stream that includes discharge from toilets is considered as sewage, whether or not it is mixed with greywater. Wastewater from processing operations: Water that has been adversely affected in quality by industrial processes and originating from processing operations such as mills (such as coffee wet mills, palm oil mills, sugar cane mills), washing operations (such as fruit or vegetable or milking facilities), packing plants or factories (such as juice or puree factories). Water contamination risk: Alteration of water treatment systems and associated pipes, or natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, tremors or landslides. Water for cattle: drinkable and safe water is of a ph between 5.5 to 8.5 and contains less than 3,500 ppm (mg/l) of Total Dissolved Solids. Coliforms counts are below 50 per millimeter of water; chloride content is of less than 1,600 mg/l for dairy cattle and less than 4,000 mg/l for beef cattle; and temperature is below 30 C.

19 Module 3 - Page 18 Water management and conservation Binding terms and definitions The Rainforest Alliance Parameters related to water quality should be implemented in the absence of an applicable law or when the law is less strict than the 2017 Standard. The following parameters are established for evaluation: Rainforest Alliance safe drinking water parameters: safe drinking water parameters are based on WHO parameters as follows: Parameter Value E. coli or thermo-tolerant coliform bacteria Not detectable in any 100-ml sample Chlorine residue or residue from other treatment disinfectants Maximum 0.5 mg/l ph 6.5 to 8.5 Sodium Maximum 20 mg/l Nitrates Sulfates Turbidity Maximum 10 mg/l as nitrates Maximum 250 mg/l Less than or equal to 5 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit) Rainforest Alliance industrial wastewater parameters for irrigation: Water Quality Parameter Value Intestinal nematodes (arithmetic mean No. or eggs per liter) <1 Fecal coli forms (geometric mean No. per 100 ml) <1000 Rainforest Alliance industrial wastewater parameters: Water Quality Parameter Biochemical Oxygen Demand (DBO5) Value Less than 150 mg/l Total suspended solids Grease and oils Less than 50 mg/l ph Between

20 Module 3 - Page 19 Water management and conservation Related criteria Criteria C C C B B The farm management and group administrator develop and update regularly a farm management plan to optimize productivity, input use efficiency, and compliance with this standard. The plan includes. b) Water management (including estimated use of irrigation water); Farms comply with applicable law for the withdrawal of surface or groundwater for agricultural, domestic or processing purposes. Any new irrigation system is designed to optimize crop or pasture productivity while minimizing water waste, erosion and salinization. The farm management and group administrator keep up-to-date records of inputs and production data for at least the crops or cattle production system covered by the Rainforest Alliance certificate scope. These records include. For cattle production systems, the quantity, type, and origin of feed produced outside the farm. For operations that irrigate or that use water for processing or cattle production, the farm management and group administrator develop and implement a water conservation plan to reduce water use per unit of product produced or processed. The plan documents current water consumption, evaluates future water needs and water availability, and establishes targets for improving water use efficiency. B A Existing irrigation and water distribution systems are managed and maintained to optimize crop or pasture productivity and minimize water waste, erosion and salinization. Based on record-keeping (see 1.10), the farm demonstrates reductions in water used for irrigation, processing, or cattle production per unit of product produced or processed.

21 Module 3 - Page 20 Management and conservation of Water Resources The 2017 Standard requires that the farm administrator and group administrator manage water resources well. There are productive regions where water is a limited resource and others where the resource is abundant. In both scenarios the objective of the 2017 Standard is the same, saving as much of the liquid as possible through efficient management. The activities that use water on agricultural and livestock farms (which may vary according to the crop), in order of importance in terms of the volume consumed are: a. Crop irrigation. b. Processing or industrialization of the final product. Packing plants for banana, pineapple, coffee processing centers, sugar mills. Management implies: Establishing an efficient use plan (Criterion 1.7) Complying with laws applicable to water extraction (concessions and exploitation of natural sources). Implementing activities and technologies that enable savings and reductions in water consumption. Compliance with the Rainforest Alliance Parameters and applicable law for wastewater discharge. Generating records on consumption for operations that use water for irrigation, processing and livestock; and demonstrating reductions in consumption over time. c. Consumption and use by workers for nutritional and personal hygiene purposes. d. Pesticide and foliar fertilizer applications and spraying. e. Cleaning of animal pens. f. Animal consumption. Good Water Management ensures the availability of the resource in the medium and long term

22 Module 3 - Page 21 Planning water use The planning criteria in the 2017 Standard require the inclusion of water as part of the plan for optimizing productivity (1.7) and records on inputs and production (1.10). The farm must ensure that it efficiently plans the use of the resource and that it has the volume and quality of water necessary for each of its needs. Planning the use of water involves: a. Identifying available sources and the quality of their waters. b. Estimating the water needs of the productive systems and farm activities. c. Implementing measures to maximize efficiency in the use of water resources. d. Establishing wastewater treatment systems. According to Criterion B-3.17, those operations that use water for irrigation, processing or cattle production, must also: a. Quantify the water needs of each activity according to the technology applied. b. Establish mechanisms for recording water consumption. c. Implement a water conservation plan, with goals and deadlines for reductions in use and consumption. d. Establish activities for monitoring the performance of the irrigation process and the proper operation of the system.

23 Module 3 - Page 22 Water for human consumption Critical Criterion 4.12 Farmers, workers, and their families are afforded access to potable water through one of the following means: Access to a public potable water system is provided; Potable water provided by the farm management and group administrator complies with Rainforest Alliance safe drinking water parameters based on testing preceding each certification audit and any time that new water contamination risks have occurred. Potable water sources are protected and water distribution mechanisms are maintained to avoid contamination; and In the case of smallholder groups, the group administrator implements and documents a training program to instruct smallholder members on potable water treatments, such as boiling, filtering or chlorinating and the prevention of water contamination. The requirements of this critical criterion ensure access to potable water from the public system or water that meets the Rainforest Alliance parameters for workers, producers and their families. The producers and group administrators implement actions to maintain the potability of the sources, prevent contamination and also teach producers how to make water potable. For more information, review the recommendations for evaluating this criterion in the Technical Module for Principle 4

24 Module 3 - Page 23 Water for animal consumption Criterion C Water for cattle is continuously available to animals in quantities sufficient to avoid dehydration. The farm management and group administrator develop and implement a water quality monitoring plan to comply with Rainforest Alliance parameters for cattle water Water for cattle: drinkable and safe water has a ph between 5.5 and 8.5 and contains less than 3,500 ppm (mg/l) of Total Dissolved Solids. Coliform counts are below 50 per millimeter of water; chloride content is of less than 1,600 mg/l for dairy cattle and less than 4,000 mg/l for beef cattle; and temperature is below 30 C. In water management for cattle: It is important to ensure that cattle always have access to water that meets the Rainforest Alliance parameters on water for cattle. Water quality is monitored to ensure animal hydration. For more information, review the recommendations for evaluating this criterion in the Technical Module for Principle 5.

25 Module 3 - Page 24 Water for irrigation Criteria C 3.16 B 3.17 B 3.18 Any new irrigation system is designed to optimize crop or pasture productivity while minimizing water waste, erosion and salinization. For operations that irrigate or that use water for processing or cattle production, the farm management and group administrator develop and implement a water conservation plan to reduce water use per unit of product produced or processed. The plan documents current water consumption, evaluates future water needs and water availability, and establishes targets for improving water use efficiency. Existing irrigation and water distribution systems are managed and maintained to optimize crop or pasture productivity and minimize water waste, erosion and salinization. A 3.19 Based on record-keeping (see 1.10), the farm demonstrates reductions in water used for irrigation, processing, or cattle production per unit of product produced or processed. Rainforest Alliance industrial wastewater parameters for irrigation: Water Quality Parameter Value Intestinal nematodes (arithmetic mean No. or eggs per liter) <1 Fecal coli forms (geometric mean No. per 100 ml) < 1000 The implementation of irrigation optimizes production Achieves savings in water resource use The water conservation plan includes irrigation Irrigation Management Prevents salinization, erosion and contamination

26 Water management and contamination Module 3 - Page 25 Several criteria of the 2017 Standard address the relationship between water management and environmental contamination. The 2017 Standard establishes measures for the protection of ecosystems and regulates the discharge of wastewater that potentially affects ecosystems adversely. CRITERIA Critical 2.3 Production activities do not degrade any protected area. (T&D Degradation: Dumping solid waste or untreated wastewater). Critical 3.1 Wastewater from processing operations is not discharged into aquatic ecosystems unless it has undergone treatment to meet Rainforest Alliance industrial wastewater parameters. Wastewater from processing operations is not applied to land with very sandy or highly permeable soils, where slopes exceed 8%, or where the water table is seasonally or permanently high. Wastewater from processing operations may not be applied to soil unless it has undergone treatment to remove particulates and toxins and to reduce acidity and complies with additional Rainforest Alliance industrial wastewater parameters for irrigation. Wastewater from processing operations may not be mixed with clean water for the purpose of meeting Rainforest Alliance industrial wastewater parameters. Critical 3.2 Untreated sewage is not discharged into aquatic ecosystems. Critical 3.7 C B B A Farms do not use human sewage in production or processing activities. Greywater is collected and managed through treatment or drainage systems, and is not discharged into aquatic ecosystems. Farms map all pit latrines and sewage disposal sites and their drainage systems. These systems are sited, designed and managed to minimize risks to aquatic ecosystems and drinking water supplies. Treated sewage meets the water quality parameters as defined by applicable law prior to discharge. The farm management and group administrator check service providers who remove oil, plastic and sewage waste and ensure that the contractors disposal and recycling methods do not pose risks to natural ecosystems, drinking water supplies, or the health and safety of people living near the disposal sites.

27 Module 3 - Page 26 Water management and conservation What can or cannot be done? Type of wastewater Industrial - resulting from processing operations Greywater Sewage Permitted actions Discharge into aquatic ecosystems once it is treated and only if it meets the Rainforest Alliance parameters for industrial wastewater (3.1) Discharge into soil if it was treated and particles and toxins were removed, the acidity was lowered and the Rainforest Alliance parameters for industrial wastewater for irrigation are met (3.1). The discharge can be done in fallow fields, grasslands, natural ecosystems and production lots as long as: Soils are not sandy or highly permeable; Slopes do not exceed 8% Water table is not seasonally or permanently high (3.1). Collected and managed by a treatment or drainage system (3.20). Discharge into a non-aquatic ecosystem, provided it has been treated. Sewage disposal sites and latrines are mapped; they are sited and managed to minimize contamination of aquatic ecosystems and potable water (3.21) Prior to discharge, sewage water meets the legally required standards for quality (3.22). Once treated and the applicable legal requirements are met, it can be discharged into any kind of ecosystem. For sewage waters of animal origin, criterion B-5.22 requires the collection of urine and manure and their subsequent treatment or composting. These waters can be used to produce biogas, organic fertilizers, and biols (bio-fermented substances). Prohibited actions NO discharge of untreated wastewater into aquatic ecosystems or the soil (3.1) NO application of wastewater on lands with (3.1): Sandy or highly permeable soils; Slopes greater than 8%; High water tables (seasonal or permanent). NO mixing with clean water to dilute them to comply with the Rainforest Alliance parameters for industrial wastewater (3.1) NO dumping of untreated wastewater into natural ecosystems so as not to degrade them (T&D Degradation) NO discharge of greywater into aquatic ecosystems (3.20), not even if it has been treated. No discharge of untreated sewage into aquatic ecosystems (3.2) Human sewage water is not used in production or processing activities (3.7)

28 Module 3 - Page 27 Water management and conservation Good auditing practices Before going to the field Before visiting the field, it is important to: 1. Check the applicable water law in the region where the farm is located. 2. Request the map or sketch of the farm where the water bodies are located, the infrastructure that makes use of the resource and the sites receiving wastewater. 3. Request evidence confirming compliance with the applicable law regarding water extraction and exploitation of natural sources. 4. Check the list of activities that require water use, and ask for the records or estimates of consumption. 5. On the farm map, plan or sketch, indicate the infrastructure and activities that generate wastewater. 6. On farms with irrigation systems: request the system installation plan, the irrigation plan and the records on consumption. 7. Verify compliance with the Rainforest Alliance parameters for water, using the corresponding analyses for each source and use. In the field Once you are in the field, we recommend: 1. Locating and inspecting the water sources used. Verify the absence of potential contamination activities or risks. 2. Inspecting the packing plants, housing, wet mills, sanitary services, and wastewater treatment plants. Verify that the waters receive adequate treatment prior to their release to the environment or water bodies, and comply with the different parameters established by Rainforest Alliance. 3. Inspecting the septic tanks and drains. Confirm that these are located in appropriate sites. In cases where there is discharge into soils, confirm that the soils have the proper texture so as not to allow direct infiltration into water bodies (% of sandy silts and clays), and the slope does not facilitate landslides toward natural water bodies. Check the soil water table and note the implementation of additional practices such as treatment with lime. 8. For operations that use water for irrigation, processing or cattle production: verify progress in meeting the goals established in the water conservation plan.

29 Module 3 - Page 28 Water management Good auditing practices In the interviews During interviews with farm workers and community neighbors, it is important to ask for information on: 1. Sources of potable water. 2. Design and capacity of water treatment systems: Can they handle the volumes generated by the farm, especially during peak activity? 3. Studies or analyses done for community water sources, to rule out contamination with substances coming from farm activities, including the presence of agrochemicals. 4. If there are workers living on the farm: presence of diseases normally caused by poor water quality. 5. Problems of wastewater management in rainy seasons: overflow of septic tanks or collapse of treatment plants. Special cases Certain crops are prone to conflict situations due to the generation of wastewater and the contamination of water sources: Cocoa: The large processing plants for fresh cacao (in pulp) produce leachates that are potential contaminants and they must be managed in a way that prevents the contamination of different ecosystems. Coffee: in countries where coffee is processed in large plants or mills, liquid and solid wastes are produced that are potential contaminants of water bodies. The coffee milling process is water demanding in most cases; however, there is now a wide range of technology used in processing equipment that is increasingly less demanding of water. In countries where coffee is processed by the producer, each farm must have a system for collecting the pulp waters and wastewater from the mill. Sugarcane: this industry requires large amounts of water for the initial stages of processing, and it produces wastewaters that require treatment. Pineapple: The packing plants use water to wash the fruit and they produce wastewaters and liquid mixtures of agrochemicals from post-harvest treatment, which are potential contaminants of water bodies or sources if not managed properly. Cattle production: requires water for washing the facilities and for animal hydration. Animals accessing the sources of water or water bodies such as rivers, can contaminate the water.

30 WASTE MANAGEMENT

31 Module 3 - Page 30 Waste management The 2017 Standard requires the integrated management of wastes generated at the farm level. Compost Avoid In general, waste management is organized around these topics: An integrated waste management plan is developed and implemented; Environmental contamination is avoided; Risks to human health are avoided; Recycle Reject Suppliers of products that minimize wastes from their own products are preferred; Waste management done by service providers is evaluated. Proper waste management includes all types of wastes generated on the farm: Wastewater (industrial, sewage and greywater); Solid wastes (organic and inorganic); Hazardous and bio-infectious materials; Reuse The objective of proper waste management is to minimize negative impacts to the environment and to the health of the farm workers and communities. Avoid waste generation Greenhouse gas emissions. Avoid and reduce the consumption of inputs, materials and products

32 Module 3 - Page 31 Waste management Binding Terms and Definitions Hazardous materials: Used lead acid batteries, asbestos, energy saving mercury lamps, E- waste, electric transformers with POPs (PCBs), medical equipment, radioactive material, pesticides, expired human and veterinary medicines, used oils, bio-infectious waste, disinfectants, animal parts and carcasses, and particles (ashes, dust, pesticide drifts). Service provider: Organizations, businesses, individuals or their subcontractors who carry out activities on behalf of the farm or group administrator, whether these activities take place on or off the subject farm(s), such as hiring of workers on the farm, pesticide application, waste treatment or disposal, transport of products or workers, and providing worker housing in the name of the farm or group administrator. Service providers include those providers furnishing the farm or group administrator with fuelwood, timber, or any product originating from local natural ecosystems. However, providers of other types of goods or inputs to the farm are not considered service providers. Risk to the woman s, fetus's and infant s health: The following activities pose risks to the woman s, fetus's or infant s health: manual handling of loads; activities subject to shocks, vibrations or movement; work environment exposed to extremes of heat or cold or to hazardous materials. Waste: Waste is an unwanted or undesired material or substance. It is also referred to as rubbish, trash, garbage, or junk depending upon the type of material and the regional terminology. Most waste is comprised of paper, plastic, metals, glass, food waste, organic material, feces and wood. Includes hazardous materials. It covers domestic or industrial waste, rejected products, construction debris or rubble, soil and stones from excavations, rubbish and soil from cleaning or preparing land.

33 Module 3 - Page 32 Waste management related criteria Criteria Critical 1.4 Critical 2.3 C-3.37 C-3.38 B-3.39 An independent environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) is conducted prior to land conversion or the development or expansion of farm infrastructure when required by applicable law or when these proposed changes will exceed Rainforest Alliance ESIA parameters. The ESIA includes written plans and procedures for minimizing and mitigating any negative impacts and enhancing positive impacts. The farm management and group administrator implements and monitors ESIA plans during the installation and operation phases of the new development. Production activities do not degrade any protected area. Note: Including waste management. Waste storage, treatment and disposal practices do not pose health or safety risks to farmers, workers, other people, or natural ecosystems. The farm management and group administrator develop and implement a waste management plan including: Documentation of the origin, approximate volume, and current means of disposal for all waste streams; and Activities to segregate different waste types to facilitate re-use, recycling or composting. Waste is not burned, except in incinerators technically designed for the specific waste type. B-3.40 B-3.41 Waste is segregated based on available waste management and disposal options. Recyclable wastes are separated and recycled. Organic waste is composted or otherwise processed for use as organic fertilizer. Scrap materials that can feasibly be reused are stored in designated areas away from processing plants and housing. Farms and infrastructure are kept clean and free of waste accumulations outside of designated storage and disposal sites.

34 Module 3 - Page 33 Waste management and suppliers related criteria Criteria Critical 1.5 The farm management and group administrator document and implement mechanisms for the selection, monitoring, and management of service providers to ensure that service providers comply with applicable critical criteria of this standard for work conducted within the certification scope. When the service provider processes, stores, packages, and/or labels products on behalf of a farm or group administrator, the service provider holds an active Rainforest Alliance Chain of Custody Certificate. A-3-42 The farm management and group administrator give priority to product suppliers that minimize the waste associated with their products, and that accept used packaging and containers for recycling. A-3-43 The farm management and group administrator check service providers who remove oil, plastic and sewage waste and ensure that the contractors disposal and recycling methods do not pose risks to natural ecosystems, drinking water supplies, or the health and safety of people living near the disposal sites. Key questions in the audit 1. Has the service been selected taking into account its management of the wastes it generates? 2. Why were the attributes selected? 3. Is there an evaluation of the supplier? 4. Has the supplier implemented an environmental management or waste management system?

35 Module 3 - Page 34 Waste management plan (C-3.38) Agricultural, agro-industrial and livestock production activities generate diverse types of wastes, for which the 2017 Standard requires that the farm administration or group administrator have a waste management plan. The waste management plan should have an approach that first establishes strategies for reducing waste generation. Once this is achieved, wastes are managed in ways that include their reuse, recycling or composting in order to have the minimum impact possible on the environment. The waste management plan: a. Identifies and documents the origin, approximate volume, and measures for the disposal of all wastes. Identification of origin: some examples are harvest wastes, crop wastes, cattle, chemical input and agrochemical containers, packaging, machinery, gases from furnaces, etc. Volume estimation: this can be done directly by weighing wastes, or by using an estimation method (extrapolation from samples taken at different times) and information generated on the farm. Disposal measures: each waste is subjected to a treatment such as reusing, recycling or composting, in order to maximally reduce the waste stream to a disposal site. b. Identifies the activities for separating waste types for reuse and recycling. c. Establishes an information baseline (based on identification and quantification) for evaluating continuous improvement year by year in terms of consumption and reduction. d. Establishes goals, responsible management and completion dates for each one.

36 Module 3 - Page 35 Waste generation and management The farm: Identifies the different types of wastes by origin and type (domestic, agricultural or industrial) Locates the areas where the identified wastes are generated (packing plant, warehouses, field) Characterizes wastes to define volumes according to type of waste (example: agrochemical containers or harvest wastes) Quantifies the volume and frequency of the generation of wastes Implements measures for disposal (temporary or final) and use of wastes according to the characteristics and volume of the wastes generated Considers applicable law and regulatory requirements regarding natural ecosystems and human health + Implementation of practices... Reduce Reuse Recycle Compost

37 Module 3 - Page 36 Which practices should not be present on certified farms? NO storage of wastes for any purpose in a way that is hazardous to the health of workers and the environment. NO wastes are disposed of near water sources, protection zones or natural ecosystems in ways that would pose a risk to the environment. NO organic wastes are disposed of in open dumps without any type of management, generating outbreaks of pests harmful to animals and people. NO wastes are burned unless there is an incinerator with technical specifications that are appropriate for the types of wastes burned. Suppliers whose products or services generate more wastes and have no waste collection and recycling services are NOT selected. Workers are NOT allowed to dispose of wastes in the field. Ex.: agrochemical containers. Hazardous Materials Hazardous materials such as pesticides, lead acid batteries, and asbestos pose health risks in general and to pregnant women and their children in particular. It is important to verify that: The farm identifies these materials in the waste management plan; Risks are identified and addressed; Protective equipment is used when they are handled; Staff are trained on proper management and protective measures; Workers at risk are relocated.

38 Module 3 - Page 37 Waste management Good auditing practices Before going to the field 1. In the Management Plan, check that all farm-generated wastes are identified, the wastes are accounted for and measured, there are actions for handling them, and those responsible for these functions are identified. 2. Review the list of suppliers, identify the materials, inputs or services that the company provides, and check the evaluation of the supplier; confirm that the suppliers are committed to the management of waste generated from the use of the acquired input or service. 3. On the farm map, plan or sketch, indicate the areas for waste storage. 4. In cases where the farm(s) had to develop an ESIA: check that the risks identified with the wastes are taken into account; and review the Waste Management Plan, which should identify and develop the important topics identified in the ESIA regarding waste management. In the field 1. Verify the way in which wastes are managed; confirm that there is no unmanaged waste. We recommend making a visual inspection of all places where wastes are stored. 2. Check and confirm that waste storage mechanisms do not affect or pose a risk to workers, water sources and ecosystems. 3. Verify that wastes are separated by type for their subsequent reuse, recycling, return to the supplier, or composting. 4. Visit the organic waste composting site, the waste trench, or the biodigester to evaluate their management and possible risks of contamination. 5. If there is an incinerator: confirm its legality of operation and the measures taken to avoid contamination. 6. In the case of crop wastes: verify that these are incorporated into the soil or composted in ways that do not generate pest problems for crops or for their surroundings. 7. Is the farm visually clean?

39 Module 3 - Page 38 Waste management Good auditing practices In the interviews We recommend: 1. Visit the people of the community in the farm s area of influence and check whether waste management problems that affect the community have been identified, i.e. dumps, bad odors, pests, leachates or smoke. 2. Confirm with the workers whether waste management is causing health problems or contamination at the farm or housing area. 3. If the farm provides housing to its workers, investigate how domestic wastes are managed, who collects them, and how often. 4. Ask the workers if the farm has places where wastes are stored or disposed of temporarily, and make the respective inspection if appropriate. 5. Ask the workers whether the farm has had problems with the neighbors due to waste management. 6. Make visual inspections of worker housing and the surroundings to confirm that domestic wastes are managed properly and there is no burning of wastes. Special cases Certain crops are prone to conflict situations due to waste generation and its associated contamination: Coffee: in countries where coffee is processed in large plants or mills with no plan to process or dispose of coffee plant debris or fruit pulp, bad odors and house flies can be generated. Sugarcane: in some countries, sugarcane is burned prior to harvest. This generates smoke that negatively impacts the neighboring communities. Pineapple: Mismanagement of crop wastes in old or non-productive plantations generates pests, such as flies (Stomoxys calcitrans). Melon and Watermelon: the accumulation of fruit in the field that does not meet quality standards generates bad odors and the proliferation of rodents and flies. Packing and processing plants: Different types of wastes are generated in these facilities and they should always be visually inspected. Packing materials, waste fruit, wastewater, and generation of gases from combustion are examples of situations that could occur. Cattle production: The management of manure, dead animals, and bio-infectious wastes, are high risk and dangerous factors.

40 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT AND PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT

41 Module 3 - Page 40 Integrated Pest Management Contributions of this section The management of pests and diseases in agricultural production generates impacts on human health, biodiversity, water sources and ecosystems, mainly due to the use of pesticides for their control. It is the objective of the 2017 Standard that the farms carry out technical management of pests and diseases to minimize the use of pesticides and their negative impacts. If their use is necessary, the Standard limits the type of pesticides authorized and requires good agricultural practices (GAP) and good agrochemical handling practices (GAHP) in order to avoid negative effects from the use of these inputs. In this module you will find: Graphics that organize the objectives and elements of pest and pesticide management All the Terms and Definitions related to this topic that contain binding elements Tables that organize the criteria according to the major topics of this section: IPM Plan; general risk mitigation, the environment and human health. Good auditing practices. The 2017 Standard has an innovative approach for pest and pesticide management. The following documents have all the information you need to understand, implement and evaluate this topic. 1. Rainforest Alliance Lists for pesticide management: Rainforest Alliance lists of prohibited pesticides and pesticides for use with risk mitigation 2. Key Concepts of the 2017 Standard: integrated pest management and pesticide management. This new approach is explained in detail. 3. The Guide to the 2017 Standard: relevant information for each criterion related to pesticide management 4. Procedures for exceptional pesticide use: establishes the conditions for requesting temporary exceptional use of certain generally prohibited pesticides. 5. Technical Module for Principle 4: Occupational health and safety for safe pesticide management. The analysis of these documents is key to understanding, implementing and evaluating the requirements the 2017 Standard.

42 Module 3 - Page 41 Integrated Pest Management and Pesticide Management The 2017 Standard requires an IPM plan that prioritizes practices for: Prevention of pest outbreaks and their spread; Pest monitoring; Pest control using biological agents, cultural practices and the use of low toxicity substances; Reducing the use of pesticides; and Training for all persons involved in the implementation of the plan. If pesticides are used (only as part of an IPM plan) Mitigation of risks to health and the environment MITIGATING OVERALL RISK Use only legally registered pesticides. Rainforest Alliance List of prohibited pesticides. Storage conditions. Final disposal of containers, expired and prohibited products (if these existed prior to certification). Selection of equipment, application techniques and optimal PPE for the type of agrochemical and crop. Conditions for infrastructure and services available to workers. MITIGATING ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS Rainforest Alliance list of pesticides for use with risk mitigation These substances are restricted due to risks to aquatic organisms, wildlife and pollinators. They can only be applied with measures to reduce their risk. Rainforest Alliance parameters : No application zones. Plant barriers. Aerial fumigation. Rules for the use of nematicides and rodenticides. Measures to reduce risk to pollinators. Reduce aerial drift to natural ecosystems. MITIGATING RISKS TO HEALTH Occupational health and safety plan; risk analysis includes those associated with hazardous substances. Pre-harvest intervals (MSDS) and reentry intervals (REI). Warn affected communities about applications. Reduce aerial drift to areas with human activity. PPE (according to the MSDS), application techniques and equipment maintenance. Children are prohibited from working with pesticides. Training on safer pesticide use. Bathroom and shower facilities for workers. Health checkups for workers based on detected risks.

43 Module 3 - Page 42 Integrated Pest Management and Pesticide Management The implementation of the related requirements in the 2017 Standard produce the following results in the management of the farm: Reduction of negative impacts on ecosystems, pollinators, wildlife and aquatic life. Minimization of risks and impacts to human health Reduction in the use of pesticides Efficiency in production In accordance with the Rainforest Alliance Terms and Definitions, integrated pest management consists of: careful analysis of all available pest control techniques and the subsequent integration of appropriate measures to hamper the development of pest populations and maintain pesticides and other interventions at economically justified levels while reducing or minimizing the risks to human health and the environment. IPM emphasizes the growth of healthy crops with the least possible disturbance of agro-ecosystems and promotes natural pest control mechanisms. Pesticide application is based on documented thresholds of economic damage from diseases or pest infestations. The 2017 Standard requires that the farm implement an IPM plan that prioritizes practices for: Prevention to avoid the outbreak and spread of pests; Pest monitoring; Pest control using biological means, cultural practices, and the use of low toxicity substances; Conservation of habitats for parasitoids or other biological controllers that live in the native vegetation; Reduction in the use of pesticides in general; and Training for any person involved in the implementation of the plan.

44 Module 3 - Page 43 Integrated Pest Management Binding Terms and Definitions The T&D are binding and therefore should be considered for a comprehensive understanding of the criteria of the 2017 Standard. The following are the T&D related to integrated pest management and pesticide management: Active ingredient: A pesticide consists of several substances. The active ingredient is the chemical that triggers in the treated organisms (e.g. fungi, insects, and mice) the specific toxic effect. The other substances can assist this effect, directly or indirectly. Aircraft: Helicopters, planes, drones or other aerodynes that can carry liquids for aerial fumigation. Integrated Pest Management (IPM): The careful consideration of all available pest control techniques and subsequent integration of appropriate measures that discourage the development of pest populations and keep pesticides and other interventions to levels that are economically justified and reduce or minimize risks to human health and the environment. IPM emphasizes the growth of healthy crops and cattle with the least possible disruption to agroecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanisms. Application of pesticides is based on documented thresholds for disease or pest infestations. Natural pest control substances: Chemicals with non-toxic modes of action such as insect pheromones, and insect attractants derived from plant extracts; mineral substances that irritate or cause mechanical disruption to pests; and microbial pesticides, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. Pest: An organism that is detrimental to humans or their crops, cattle, or property, typically by causing economic damage. Pesticide: Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying or controlling any pest, including vectors of human or animal disease, and including unwanted species of plants or animals causing harm during or otherwise interfering with the production, processing, storage, transport or marketing of food, agricultural commodities, wood and wood products or animal feedstuffs, and also include substances administered to animals for the control of insects, arachnids or other pests on their bodies.

45 Module 3 - Page 44 Integrated Pest Management Binding Terms and Definitions Restricted entry interval (REI): Minimum amount of time that shall pass between pesticide application to an area or crop and the moment that people can enter that area without personal protective equipment. Rainforest Alliance non-application zones: The distance in meters indicates the width of the non-application zone between pesticide applied crops and areas of human activity, or aquatic and terrestrial natural ecosystems: 5 meters, if applied by mechanical, hand-assisted and targeted application methods, such as for example knapsack sprayers, banding, baiting, specific granule placement, soil or plant injection, seed treatments and weed wiping; 10 meters, if applied by broadcast or pressurized spray application methods, such as for example motorized sprayers or spray booms10, air blast sprayers, foggers (Ultra Low Volume fogging machines) depending on the equipment s technical specifications. Rainforest Alliance parameters for vegetative barriers: Barriers are as high as the crop height or the height of the equipment s application valves over the ground, whichever is higher. Barriers are composed of plants that maintain their foliage all year, but which are permeable to airflow, allowing the barrier to capture pesticide drops. Preference is given to native species. Spray booms: Structure mobilized by a tractor to apply pesticides or fertilizers consisting of two arms suspended over the crop and which apply pesticides or fertilizers through their nozzles in atomized or dusty form. Spray drift: The quantity of applied product representing an active ingredient of a pesticide - which is deflected from the treated area by the action of air currents during the application process.

46 Module 3 - Page 45 Integrated Pest Management Binding Terms and Definitions Rainforest Alliance restoration parameters: Restoration parameters for adjacent zones of aquatic ecosystems are: Remnant or restored vegetation is primarily native, e.g. agroforestry systems that comply with Rainforest Alliance canopy cover and species diversity parameters; and Minimum widths of restored areas adjacent to aquatic ecosystems (water course width is defined as the width of the normal flow during the rainy season but not during flood conditions) are; 5 m horizontal width along both sides of water courses less than 5 meters wide; 8 m horizontal width along both sides of water courses 5-10 meters wide, and around springs, wetlands, and other water bodies; and 15 m horizontal width along both sides of rivers wider than 10 m; Rainforest Alliance rodenticide risk management requirements: 1. Only formulated rodenticides baited traps classified as moderately toxic (blue label) or slightly toxic (green label) are used; 2. Rodenticide traps are only used, if rodent monitoring demonstrates that mechanic control methods are not effective; 3. Signs of rodent activity (droppings, tracks, gnaw marks, burrows) are monitored and the results recorded. Traps are inspected daily and bait stations and installations weekly; 4. Bait stations are tamper-resistant, anchored, and constructed in such a manner and size as to permit only the entrance of rodents; 5. Food sources attracting rodents and debris are eliminated; 6. Rodent carcasses are handled with gloves and buried in locations that do not pose risk to human health or water contamination; and 7. Bait stations are removed and the amount of stations diminished when there are no longer signs of rodent feeding or there is evidence of use by non-target wildlife.

47 Module 3 - Page 46 Integrated Pest Management Binding Terms and Definitions Rainforest Alliance requirements for aerial fumigation:: 1. Aerial fumigations are recommended by a competent professional; 2. Spray drift next to natural ecosystems and areas of human activity is reduced through non-application zones or vegetative barriers: a) Non-application zones are at minimum: i. 30 meter wide next to public roads and housing areas if application is parallel to the nonapplication zone with half wing applications (outer boom off) to minimize drift to high risk areas. ii. In the case of rivers, a 15 m non-application zone for each river bank. b) Vegetative barriers are reforested with non-crop trees whose canopy is higher than the crop height but not higher than 6 meters; 3. Aircraft: a) Are equipped with Geographic Positioning Systems (GPS) with automatic shut-off valves connected to the GPS system; b) The flight altitude is maximum 5 meter above the crop canopy; and c) The length of the application boom is at maximum 80% of the aircraft s wingspan; 4. Nozzle type and number of drops are calibrated every six months and the application doses are calibrated before each application; 5. Hoses, nozzles, valves, GPS system and automatic flow meter are checked before and after each flights; 6. Weather conditions are: a) Wind speeds are less than 10 kilometers per hour (km/h); b) Inversion conditions are avoided; and c) Maximum temperature is 29 C;; 7. Each aerial fumigation is documented with an operational report, including : a) Location of the property; b) Type of service performed; c) Treated crop and area (in hectare) with sketch of the area indicating its boundaries, barriers, roads, power grids, watery, buildings, magnetic north and geographic coordinates at least one point); d) Pesticide applications, including all receipts for purchases, label names of products applied, active ingredient (AI) name, and concentration (volume per liter, mass per kg, or %AI) in each product, quantity of each formulated product applied, and the application dates, location, and land area over which each product is applied, type of application equipment, name of pesticide handlers; e) Flight and application parameters: height of the flight, width of the effective deposition range, temperature range, wind speed and direction; model, prefix, type and angle of used aircraft; f) Date and time of application (beginning and end of application); and g) Direction of application ranges (shots); location of the flight track through geo-referencing, specifying whether the application was performed with the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS);

48 Module 3 - Page 47 Integrated Pest Management Binding Terms and Definitions Work harmful to children: Work that may harm children s health, safety or morals, including: a) Handling of pesticides, hazardous substances or residues; b) Operating, assisting to operate, or cleaning power machinery or tools; c) Activities requiring physical exertion beyond the child s safe capacity, such as heavy lifting of loads greater than 20% of a minor s body weight; d) Work on steep slopes of more than 50%, near cliffs or drop-offs, or on roofs or ladders; e) Work in storage areas, silos and construction sites; and f) Night work.

49 Module 3 - Page 48 The Integrated Pest Management Plan Integrated Pest Management involves a variety of agronomic and farm zoning activities to achieve effective pest control with the least impact on the environment and health. Criteria 3.3 and 3.23 require the development of an IPM plan. A good plan considers the following elements: a. Objectives. i. Minimize the effects of the pest or disease on production. ii. Minimize risks to health and the environment related to pest and disease control. b. Identification and detailed characterization of the biology and etiology of each pest and disease. c. Establishment of the monitoring method for each pest or disease. d. Establishment of the monitoring method for climate variables. e. Establishment of records on pest and disease monitoring results. f. Establishment of economic thresholds for action to initiate pesticide application. g. Identification and scheduling of preventive and avoidance measures to apply for a pest or disease. g. Identification of non-chemical control methods, such as biological or botanical ones. h. Choosing the type or types of pesticides and the rotation, by pest and/or disease. i. Records and quantification of pesticides and the applications implemented. j. Training and training records for the established Integrated Pest Management Plan. k. Complete implementation of the Integrated Pest Management Plan. l. Verification of internal or external compliance. 1. Preventing infestation 4. Suppression Integrated Pest Management 2. Avoiding propagation 3. Monitoring occurrence

50 Module 3 - Page 49 Integrated Pest Management Plan related criteria Criteria Critical 2.4 Animals that are endangered or protected are never hunted or killed. Animals are not hunted on the farm, with the following exceptions: Smallholders may hunt non-endangered species for non-commercial use only; and Vertebrate pest wildlife may be hunted only in accordance with the farm s integrated pest management (IPM) plan, and only as a measure of last resort. Explosives or toxic substances are never used for hunting, fishing, or control of wildlife pests. Control of rodents follows Rainforest Alliance rodenticide risk management requirements. Critical 3.3 C-3.9 The farm management develops and implements an integrated pest management (IPM) plan that is based upon the prevention and monitoring of pests and aims to avoid economically significant crop losses while reducing pesticide risks. The farm management determines pest management steps based on the analysis of pest monitoring records. Pests are managed using biological controls or other nonchemical methods where feasible. When pesticides are used, preference is given to non-restricted low toxicity pesticides, and pesticides are applied only to the parts of the crop affected by pests. All workers involved in pest management activities are trained about the contents of the IPM plan. Fire may be used only for pest control, only as prescribed by the IPM plan and only if it creates less negative environmental impact than other pest control measures. To protect nearby natural ecosystems, infrastructure, and communities, fire is applied only by trained workers with fire suppression tools, personal protective equipment, and access to water for firefighting, and only when wind speed and direction create minimal risk of uncontrolled burning. If fire is used, fire use areas and history are indicated on updated farm maps. C-3.23 In the case of groups, the group administrator develops an integrated pest management (IPM) plan for the group, according to the contents of Critical Criterion 3.3. The group administrator trains and supports its members to implement this plan on the member farms.

51 Module 3 - Page 50 Integrated Pest Management Plan related criteria Criteria C-3.24 B-3.10 B-3.25 B-3.26 The farm management and group administrator record pest infestations with the following parameters: Pest type; Infestation dates, area and location, and degree of damage; and Weather during the infestation. Farms implement practices such as crop rotation, planting of nitrogen-fixing ground covers or cover crops, or application of compost or mulch to maintain or enhance soil health. Smallholders record pest infestations with the following parameters: Pest type; Infestation dates, area and location, and degree of damage; and Weather during the infestation. The farm management and group administrator analyze pesticide application and pest monitoring records, document any significant reductions or increases in pest severity and pesticide use, and update the IPM plan annually considering the effectiveness of past pest management approaches and any new pest control challenges or opportunities.

52 Module 3 - Page 51 How do we audit the criteria related to the IPM Plan? Before going to the field We recommend: a. Requesting the IPM plan and checking that the document contains at least the aforementioned points. b. Checking and cross-checking the information from the IPM plan with: i. Records on applications and monitoring of pests in the field, ii. Monitoring of environmental conditions, iii. iv. Threshold for action, and Records on pesticide applications. c. Comparing planned versus implemented activities. d. Confirming that the persons responsible for implementation have been trained on the activities established in the plan. In the field Once in the field, it is important to: a. Interview the persons in charge and those responsible for implementing preventive actions, interventions or chemical control. In this way you confirm that all the planned activities are being carried out, especially those aimed at avoiding and preventing the pest or disease. b. Visually verify activities such as: pest trapping, measurement of climatological variables, field infestation, and possible symptoms of nutrient deficiency in crop plants. c. Visually verify the effectiveness of the control mechanisms implemented by the farm. e. Analyzing whether there is annual progress in accordance with specific indicators or indices of efficiency, such as: amount of Active Ingredient used per hectare or per kg of crop produced and/or exported; farm productivity; incidence of pests and diseases. f. Identifying whether fire is used in IPM; and review of the technical criteria that justify this.

53 Module 3 - Page 52 Mitigation of risks in pesticide management In the 2017 Standard, there is a series of criteria whose objective is that the farms implement good management, storage, handling and use of pesticides; thus reducing the risks associated with their management. The criteria and provisions related to risk mitigation in the use of pesticides are addressed by two different approaches, and they apply only to pesticides included on the corresponding lists: 1. The requirements associated with the use of pesticides included on the Rainforest Alliance List of Pesticides for Use with Risk Mitigation, which includes mitigation measures for: Substances hazardous to aquatic life, according to mitigation criterion 3.27; Substances hazardous to pollinators, according to mitigation criterion 3.29; Substances with inhalation risk in accordance with the mitigation requirements of Critical Criterion The requirements associated with the use of pesticides included on the Rainforest Alliance List of Prohibited Pesticides whose use has been authorized by the Rainforest Alliance Procedure for Exceptional Pesticide Use, which includes: Rainforest Alliance requirements for the management of risks from rodenticides; Rainforest Alliance requirements for the management of reproductive toxicity risk. Some good practices to mitigate the risk associated with pesticide handling are: 1. The farm has a training program on the use, management, handling, and application of pesticides, and calibration of the application equipment. 2. Pesticide storage is safe, orderly, and well demarcated with good signage for the pesticides. 3. Use of appropriate mix preparation and measuring equipment. 4. Presence of specialized infrastructure for the mixing and storage of pesticides (warehouses, mixing areas and equipment for filling retention mechanisms). 5. Presence of materials to soak up spills in pesticide storage and preparation sites. 6. Presence of safety information (MSDS) in areas where pesticides are stored and handled. 7. Triple washing is carried out when mixtures are prepared and application equipment is filled. 8. Empty containers are handled safely so as not to contaminate the environment with their remnant residues or expose humans to them.

54 Risk mitigation in pesticide management related criteria Criteria Module 3 - Page 53 Critical 3.4 Critical 3.5 C-1.8 B-1.11 C-3.30 The use of substances included in the Rainforest Alliance List of Prohibited Pesticides is prohibited. Only pesticides that are legally registered in the production country are used. The use of agriculture mineral oils is only allowed, if these contain less than 3% of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) residues. Pesticide application by aircraft complies with Rainforest Alliance requirements for aerial fumigation. Workers are not present in areas during aerial fumigation with pesticides. In the case of primary and secondary drainage canals with permanent water, a plan is developed and implemented to cover these water bodies with vegetation or other effective physical means. The farm management and group administrator develop and implement a training plan to train workers on the competencies required to carry out their work and to comply with this standard. The farm management and group administrator document all training according to training topic, name, organization and title of the trainer, focal crop, number of women and men trained, and an attestation of each worker or group member that s/he participated in the training. All pesticides are stored in a safely locked storage facility. Only people trained in pesticide risks and management have access to the pesticide storage facility. C-3.31 Pesticides listed in the Rainforest Alliance Prohibited Pesticides List and expired products that were in use before farms applied for certification are returned to the supplier or, if the supplier does not accept these products, these are labeled and stored separately from other products until disposed of safely. C-3.33 B-3.34 B-3.36 Empty pesticide containers and application equipment are triple washed, and the rinse water is returned back to the application mix for re-application. Empty pesticide containers are kept in a locked storage area until safely returned to the supplier or, if the supplier does not accept empty containers, they are cut or perforated to prevent other uses. Containers may be re-used only for the original contents and only when labeled accordingly. Farms select the optimum pesticide application equipment and techniques for the crop and pesticide type to reduce spray drift. The farm management and group administrator calibrate equipment for mixing and applying pesticides, at least annually, after maintenance, and whenever the type of product is changed.

55 Module 3 - Page 54 How are the criteria for risk mitigation audited? Before going to the field We recommend: a. Request and review the IPM Plan. Request the notes on technical criteria that justify the use of the substances that are applied. b. Request the farm map that shows existing infrastructure and the distribution of native vegetation, and locate the pesticide storage and preparation areas. c. Check the training records of pesticide appliers and other workers involved with pesticide handling. d. Request a list of the application equipment used and check the records on calibrations and adjustments made and their frequency. e. Confirm that the materials used in training include all the necessary safety information for implementing safe applications. f. Confirm that training for the workers has been provided by a person with a mastery of the topic and adequate preparation. g. Confirm that the measures for risk mitigation are included in the IPM plan and also meet the parameters and requirements prescribed by the 2017 Standard. Training on the use, handling, preparation, and application of pesticides is key to meeting the objective of the different criteria. Training should include all the Rainforest Alliance concepts, as an example. Rainforest Alliance lists of pesticides, areas for exclusion from application, the IPM Plan, and mitigation measures. In the field Once in the field, it is important to: a. Inspect all the facilities and infrastructure where pesticides are stored and prepared. Check their condition to rule out any risks. b. Verify the presence of emergency eyewashes and showers in the event of accidental contamination through contact. c. Also verify the presence of materials and equipment for cleaning up spills of pesticides and pesticide mixtures. d. Visually confirm the way workers handle pesticides and triple-wash the empty containers. e. Confirm that the risk mitigation measures for the use of pesticides comply with the parameters and requirements established by the 2017 Standard. Interviews with workers During the interviews: a. Confirm that the workers understand the importance of safe pesticide management. It is important to ask about the basic concepts of safe management. b. Confirm the use of personal protective equipment, try to identify aspects that workers consider negative in its use, such as goggles that fog up and excessive heat, and confirm that there are measures to mitigate these effects.

56 Module 3 - Page 55 Risk mitigation and related environmental impact criteria Criteria Critical 3.4 Critical 3.5 The use of substances included in the Rainforest Alliance List of Prohibited Pesticides is prohibited. Only pesticides that are legally registered in the production country are used. The use of agriculture mineral oils is only allowed, if these contain less than 3% of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) residues. Pesticide application by aircraft complies with Rainforest Alliance requirements for aerial fumigation. Workers are not present in areas during aerial fumigation with pesticides. In the case of primary and secondary drainage canals with permanent water, a plan is developed and implemented to cover these water bodies with vegetation or other effective physical means. C-3.27 Farms apply substances listed in the Rainforest Alliance List of Pesticides for Use with Risk Mitigation as having risk to aquatic life only if Rainforest Alliance non-application zones around aquatic natural ecosystems are enforced or vegetative barriers are established compliant with Rainforest Alliance parameters for vegetative barriers or other effective mechanisms to reduce spray drift. Farms apply substances listed in the Rainforest Alliance List of Pesticides for Use with Risk Mitigation as having risk to wildlife only if Rainforest Alliance non-application zones around natural ecosystems are enforced or vegetative barriers are established compliant with Rainforest Alliance parameters for vegetative barriers or other effective mechanisms to reduce spray drift. C-3.29 Farms apply substances listed in the Rainforest Alliance List of Pesticides for Use with Risk Mitigation as having risks for pollinators only if: Less toxic, efficacious pesticides are not available; Exposure to natural ecosystems is minimized by complying with Rainforest Alliance nonapplication zones or by establishing vegetative barriers compliant with Rainforest Alliance parameters for vegetative barriers or by implementing other effective mechanisms to reduce spray drift; and Contact of pollinators with these substances is further reduced through: Substances are applied only when pollinators are not active; or Substances are not applied to flowering weeds or flowering weeds are removed; and Substances are applied while the crop is not in peak flowering period. Not applicable to banana, cocoa, grapes, lemon grass, pineapple, psyllium, sugar cane, and tea. If bee hives are used, they are temporarily covered during application, and hive bees are provided with a clean water source outside the treated area. Critical 2.4 Animals that are endangered or protected are never hunted or killed. Animals are not hunted on the farm, with the following exceptions: Smallholders may hunt non-endangered species for non-commercial use only; and Vertebrate pest wildlife may be hunted only in accordance with the farm s integrated pest management (IPM) plan, and only as a measure of last resort. Explosives or toxic substances are never used for hunting, fishing, or control of wildlife pests. Control of rodents follows Rainforest Alliance rodenticide risk management requirements.

57 Module 3 - Page 56 Rainforest Alliance Requirements for Mitigating Risks for Pollinators Until June 30, 2020 the use of the three neonicotinoids (clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam), and the phenylpyrazole fipronil is only permitted if the following Rainforest Alliance pollinator risk management requirements are fully implemented:: a. Less toxic, efficacious pesticides are not available; and b. Exposure to natural ecosystems is minimized by complying with Rainforest Alliance nonapplication zones or by establishing vegetative barriers compliant with Rainforest Alliance parameters for vegetative barriers or by implementing other effective mechanisms to reduce spray drift; and c. Contact of pollinators with these substances is further reduced through: i. Substances are applied only when pollinators are not active; or ii. iii. Substances are not applied to flowering weeds or flowering weeds are removed; and Substances are applied while the crop is not in peak flowering period; Not applicable to Banana, cocoa, grapes, lemon grass, pineapple, psyllium, sugar cane, and tea. d. If bee hives are used, they are temporarily covered during application, and hive bees are provided with a clean water source outside the treated area.. Pesticide CAS Number Pollinator impact 1) Clothianidin P 2) Fipronil P 3) Imidacloprid P 4) Thiamethoxam P

58 Module 3 - Page 57 Rainforest Alliance Requirements for Rodenticide Risk Management The nine rodenticides brodifacoum, bromadiolone, bromethalin, chlorophacinone, difethialone, diphacinone, strychnine, warfarin and zinc phosphide may be used only if the following Rainforest Alliance rodenticide risk management requirements are fully implemented: a. Only formulated rodenticides baited traps classified as moderately toxic (blue label) or slightly toxic (green label) are used; and b. Rodenticide traps are only used, if rodent monitoring demonstrates that mechanic control methods are not effective; and c. Signs of rodent activity (droppings, tracks, gnaw marks, burrows) are monitored and the results recorded. Traps are inspected daily and bait stations and installations weekly; and d. Bait stations are tamper-resistant, anchored, and constructed in such a manner and size as to permit only the entrance of rodents; and e. Food sources attracting rodents and debris are eliminated; and f. Rodent carcasses are handled with gloves and buried in locations that do not pose risk to human health or water contamination; and g. Bait stations are removed and the amount of stations diminished when there are no longer signs of rodent feeding or there is evidence of use by non-target wildlife. GHS Repro 1A Pesticide CAS Number WHO Ia WHO Ib 1B 1) Brodifacoum P P 2) Bromadiolone P P 3) Bromethalin P 4) Chlorophacinone P P 5) Difethialone P 6) Diphacinone P P 7) Strychnine P 8) Warfarin P 9) Zinc phosphide P P

59 Module 3 - Page 58 Rainforest Alliance requirements for the management of risk from rodenticides Five nematicides (cadusafos, ethoprop, fenamiphos, oxamyl and terbufos) can only be used with the full implementation of the following Rainforest Alliance requirements for the management of Risk from Nematicides: a. Lower toxicity nematicides are used as part of the rotation for nematicide risk management; and b. The application methods accurately place the product on the root zone of the plants or inject it directly into the plant. The application of uncovered granules in no application zones is prohibited; and c. The maximum daily application time per operator is limited to six hours. For two shifts and a bath for the operator to wash off pesticide residues, the total daily maximum application time is limited to 4 hours plus 2 hours = 6 hours; and d. The application is done during the coolest hours of the day; and e. Annual medical monitoring of the health of the operator (kidney and liver function) is provided; and f. Cholinesterase levels are analyzed for the workers who handle the cholinesterase inhibitors cadusafos, ethoprop, fenamiphos, oxamyl or terbufos. These tests are done for workers before they apply the substances for the first time and periodically thereafter, for as long as they are assigned the task of applying these pesticides. If unacceptable cholinesterase levels are found in handlers of organophosphorus or carbamate pesticides, they are offered other work positions that do not involve the handling of these chemicals. Pesticide CAS Number WHO Ia WHO Ib 1) Cadusafos P 1) Etoprophos; Ethoprop P 1) Fenamiphos P 1) Oxamyl P 1) Terbufos P

60 PARAMETERS FOR THE MITIGATION OF THE RISK OF CONTAMINATION BY PESTICIDES Module 3 - Page 59 Risk mitigation related parameters Farms implementing the criteria of the 2017 Standard mitigate the effects of pesticide use on the environment, with a special emphasis on reducing the risk of agrochemical contamination in natural aquatic ecosystems, and reducing the negative effects on wildlife, aquatic life and pollinators. The Standard presents a series of Mitigation Parameters, whose main objectives are mitigation of the risk of contamination from pesticide application and reduction of spray drift. Rainforest Alliance parameters for restoration Prevent the degradation of aquatic ecosystems Rainforest Alliance parameters for vegetative barriers Rainforest Alliance noapplication zones Reduce risks from the effects of pesticides in: - Natural ecosystems (including aquatic ecosystems); - Areas with pollinators present; - Wildlife and aquatic life; and - Areas of human activity. Rainforest Alliance requirements for aerial fumigation Regulate the conditions for aerial pesticide application. Spray drift: is the portion of the applied product that is diverted from the treated area due to the action of air currents during the application process, and which represents an active ingredient of the pesticide.

61 Module 3 - Page 60 How do we audit the criteria For environmental impact mitigation? Before going to the field We recommend: a. Request and review the IPM Plan. b. Review the plan s application of preventive and avoidance measures. c. Review whether the pesticide applications were justified in relation to the field monitoring results of pest impacts (severity and % infestation). d. Review the type and classification of the pesticides used and applied; verify whether there is some kind of mitigation measure on the Rainforest Alliance List of pesticides for use with mitigation measures. e. Review the calibration and maintenance records for the application equipment. f. In the application records, check the times of application and relate these data to the time of greatest activity of pollinators that could be present on the farm. In general, insect pollinators in the field are most active in the morning hours. Nocturnal or afternoon pesticide applications reduce the impacts on these insects. In the field Once in the field, it is important to: a. Interview managers and those responsible for implementing preventive actions and chemical interventions or control; confirm that all planned activities are being carried out, especially those aimed at avoiding and preventing pest occurrence. b. Review the mitigation measures applied at the time of pesticide application. c. Review the ecosystem protection measures, setbacks from water sources, buffer zones, and no application zones. d. Verify the presence of pollinators in the crop. e. In temporary water passages or drainage channels, check the waterway protection practices (covers on drains, for example). f. In aquatic ecosystems, observe wildlife present to confirm the quality of the water. Special cases a. Pollinators are used in melon and watermelon crops; check the measures used to prevent contact of pesticides with bees (nocturnal applications, hive protection). b. In banana crops, the extensive drainage networks are a source of direct and indirect contamination of ecosystems.

62 Module 3 - Page 61 Mitigation of risks to health Farms that implement the criteria of the 2017 Standard mitigate the effects pesticide use has on human health, in workers as well as passersby and the inhabitants of communities near the farms. Good practices to prevent risks to health are: 1. To avoid the use of pesticides a. Conserve or plant native vegetation that functions as habitat for parasitoids or other biological controllers, such as insectivorous birds. b. Application of activities and agricultural practices to avoid and prevent a pest, so as not to reach the threshold of damage that would justify pesticide application (IPM). c. Use biological or botanical inputs or pesticides. 2. To mitigate risks to health a. Train personnel on all topics related to Occupational Health, Pesticide Handling and Application (GAPs, use of Personal Protective Equipment, pesticide toxicity, measures to prevent intoxication). b. Do not use substances that are on the Rainforest Alliance List of Prohibited Products. Do not use substances that are not legally registered in the country. c. In the case of pesticides that are on the Rainforest Alliance list of pesticides for restricted use with risk mitigation measures, use them in accordance with the indications for mitigating the risk of inhalation. d. In areas where workers or neighbors live or frequent (areas of human activity), establish natural barriers to contain drift. e. Warn communities and workers in advance about applications that could affect them. f. Implement pre-harvest intervals. g. Implement re-entry periods to a production plot after an application. h. Everyone who handles or is exposed to contact with pesticides uses PPE. i. The administration has measures for the implementation of safety and emergency procedures. j. Prior medical check-ups of application personnel are done to confirm their physical and mental suitability for implementing applications. k. Cholinesterase analyses are done for workers who apply organophosphorus and carbamate compounds. l. Annual medical monitoring is done on the health (kidney and liver function) of operators working with five nematicides (see the Procedure for Exceptional Use). m. When applicable, an Occupational Health Commission is implemented. n. Measures and compliance with these criteria are verified annually.

63 Module 3 - Page 62 Mitigation of risks to health related criteria Criteria Critical 3.5 C-3.28 C-3.32 B-3.35 Critical 4.15 Critical 4.16 Pesticide application by aircraft complies with Rainforest Alliance requirements for aerial fumigation. Workers are not present in areas during aerial fumigation with pesticides. In the case of primary and secondary drainage canals with permanent water, a plan is developed and implemented to cover these water bodies with vegetation or other effective physical means. Farms establish and maintain non-crop vegetative barriers compliant with Rainforest Alliance parameters for vegetative barriers or Rainforest Alliance non-application zones between pesticides applied crops and areas of human activity. Potentially affected persons or communities are identified, alerted, and warned in advance about pesticide applications and prevented from access to pesticide application areas. Pre-harvest intervals of pesticides as stipulated in the product s Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), label or security tag are complied with when applying pesticides. When two or more products with different pre-harvest intervals are used at the same time, the longest interval is applied. Functional Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in accordance with the product s MSDS, safety tag or other instructions, whichever are more stringent, is provided free of cost to workers. All persons who mix or handle pesticides, fertilizers hazardous materials, or other chemical substances or natural pest control substances with possible dermatological or microbiological risks use PPE. Substances listed in the Rainforest Alliance List of Pesticides for Use with Risk Mitigation as having inhalation risks may be used only if restricted entry intervals are enforced and respirators with an organic vapor (OV) cartridge or canister with any N, R, P, or 100 series pre-filter are used, and only if all application sites are flagged to indicate inhalation risks to bystanders. The farm management trains all workers and the group administrator trains all group members or their representatives that handle or come into contact with pesticides or other substances posing potential health risks. Training is conducted by a competent professional on safer management of these substances and includes: Occupational health topics specific to chemical handlers as defined in the Occupational Health and Safety Plan; An explanation of the names, formulations, toxicity, health risks, and other relevant MSDS information related to all substances to be applied; Techniques for correct handling of these substances; Correct use of PPE; Preventative measures for reducing possible damage to health and the environment caused by these substances; and Emergency procedures, first aid and medical attention for cases involving poisoning or undue contact with these substances.

64 Module 3 - Page 63 Mitigation of risks to health related criteria Criteria Critical 4.17 Critical 4.18 Bathing facilities are provided to all handlers of pesticides or other substances posing potential health risks. These handlers bathe and change their clothes after finishing the daily application schedule and before leaving the workplace at the end of the workday. All PPE for workers is washed and stored on the farm or group administrator facilities, and does not enter workers housing. Women who are pregnant, nursing or have recently given birth are not assigned to activities that pose risk to the woman s, fetus's or infant s health. In cases of job reassignment, there is no reduction in remuneration. C-4.35 Farms implement Restricted Entry Intervals (REI) for persons entering pesticide application areas without PPE that are at least 12 hours or as stipulated in the product s MSDS, label or security tag, whichever is more stringent. For WHO class II products, the REI is at least 48 hours. When two or more products with different REIs are used at the same time, the longest interval applies. C-4.36 C-4.37 The farm management and group administrator test cholinesterase levels of workers who handle WHO Class II or III organophosphates or carbamates. Tests are conducted prior to the first time workers apply these substances on the farm and periodically thereafter as long as they remain assigned to this task. The farm management and group administrator offer other work that does not involve use of these chemicals to those pesticide handlers with results outside of the accepted cholinesterase levels. When workers are diagnosed with temporary health conditions or have short-term disabilities that impair their ability to carry out their job, the farm management and group administrator reassign these workers for the length of the disability period to a different work task without penalty or a decrease in compensation. C-4.41 The farm management and group administrator provide workers with medical examinations as specified in the Occupational Health and Safety plan (see Critical Criterion 4.14). Workers have access to the results of their medical examinations. C-4.42 The farm management and group administrator provide emergency showers and eyewashing facilities in or close to workshops, storage areas, and processing facilities where pesticides or other hazardous materials are used or stored.

65 Rainforest Alliance Reproductive Toxicity Risk Management Requirements Module 3 - Page 64 The use of the eight substances categorized as GHS repro 1A/1B (Pesticide active ingredients and their formulations that meet the criteria of reproductive toxicity Categories 1A and 1B of the Globally Harmonized System on Classification and Labelling of Chemicals) Borax, Boric acid, Carbendazim, Epoxiconazole, Fluazifop-butyl, Glufosinate-ammonium, Quizalofop-ptefuryl and Tridemorph is only permitted if the following Rainforest Alliance toxicity risk management requirements are fully implemented: a. Less toxic, efficacious pesticides are not available; and reproductive b. Use is part of the product rotation defined in the integrated pest management plan; and c. Women of reproductive age (15 50 years) do not apply GHS repro 1A/1B pesticides; and d. Restricted Entry Intervals (REI) are implemented for persons entering pesticide application areas without PPE that are at least 12 hours or as stipulated in the product s MSDS, label or security tag, whichever is more stringent. For WHO class II products, the REI is at least 48 hours. When two or more products with different REIs are used at the same time, the longest interval applies; and e. Workers that apply GHS repro 1A/1B pesticides are provided with medical examinations as specified in the Occupational Health and Safety plan (see Critical Criterion 4.14); and f. Potentially affected persons or communities are identified, alerted, and warned in advance about pesticide applications and prevented from access to pesticide application areas; and g. Farms establish and maintain non-crop vegetative barriers compliant with Rainforest Alliance parameters for vegetative barriers or Rainforest Alliance non-application zones between pesticides applied crops and areas of human activity.. Pesticide CAS Number GHS Repro 1A 1B 1) Borax; disodium tetraborate decahydrate P 2) Boric acid P 3) Carbendazim P 4) Epoxiconazole P 5) Fluazifop-butyl P 6) Glufoslufosinate-ammonium P 7) Quizalofop-p-tefuryl P 8) Tridemorph P

66 How do we audit the criteria for the mitigation of impacts on health? Before going to the field We recommend: a. Request and review the IPM Plan. b. Request the list of pesticides used and compare it to the Rainforest Alliance lists for pesticide management. c. Check the plan s inclusion of preventive and avoidance measures. d. Check the training of the workers involved in pesticide application. e. Review the calibration and maintenance records for application equipment. f. Review the types and classification of the pesticides used and applied; verify whether there is some kind of mitigation measure on the Rainforest Alliance list of pesticides for use with mitigation measures (risk of inhalation). g. Check the medical exams and cholinesterase levels of workers who apply pesticides. In the field Once in the field, it is important to: Module 3 - Page 65 a. Review the mitigation measures that must be implemented when pesticides are applied. b. Confirm the presence of showers and eyewashes in the vicinity of pesticide handling areas. c. Verify the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by workers in the field during application; observe the application and use of the PPE. d. Confirm that there are measures to prevent the entry of persons and workers without PPE into application areas, and check the effectiveness of those measures. e. In the storage areas, confirm that there are no substances prohibited by the 2017 Standard and the managed pesticide lists. Special cases Aerial applications a. Aerial applications are used in banana, rice and citrus cultivation. It is important to verify that measures to prevent the presence of workers in the fields are implemented. b. Records are used to verify whether re-entry periods are respected. It is possible to use records on the beginning and ending of aerial spraying, information on the polygon area sprayed, and the record system on worker entry into different production plots. c. It is also important to visit the aerodromes, review the documents and conduct interviews to verify: a) the calibrations, b) mixture preparations, c) polygons for applications and deviations from same, and d) automatic nozzle opening and closure technology. In the case of aerial fumigations, due to their characteristics and potential environmental and health impacts, the 2017 Standard requires that application equipment have certain specialized technological characteristics. It is important to ensure that the farm or the service provider complies with the Rainforest Alliance requirements for aerial fumigation.