THE WTO AGREEMENT ON THE APPLICATION OF SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES

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1 THE WTO AGREEMENT ON THE APPLICATION OF SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES Article 1: Reaffirming that no Member should be prevented from adopting or enforcing measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health 7/31/2001 1

2 THE WTO AGREEMENT ON THE APPLICATION OF SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES Article 2.2: Members should ensure that any sanitary or phytosanitary measure is based on scientific principles and is not maintained without sufficient scientific evidence 7/31/2001 2

3 AGRICULTURE AND NON-AGRICULTURAL EXPORT PERCENTAGES IN THE AMERICAS, 1998 Percent of total agricultural exports in the Americas Percent of total exports from Agriculture North America 63 8 South America Andean Region 5 17 Central America 4 49 Caribbean 1 19 TOTAL ~100% 7/31/2001 3

4 SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY STANDARDS 60% Relation Between Agricultural Exports and Ministries of Agriculture Participation at the SPS-Committee 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Of total exports, % from agriculture Ministries of Agriculture, WTO Participation 0% Northen Region Southern Region Andean Region Central Region Caribbean Region Source:IICA, based on FAOStat. 7/31/2001 4

5 PARTICIPATION OF COUNTRIES OF THE AMERICAS IN THE INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE ORGANIZATIONS* Organization WTO CODEX OIE IPPC Membership 97% 94% 70% 88% *Of 34 member countries of IICA, 33 belong to the WTO. 7/31/2001 5

6 DEGREE OF PARTICIPATION OF 24 IICA MEMBER COUNTRIES IN THE INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE ORGANIZATIONS* Organization CODEX OIE IPPC Active participation Passive or no Participation * Data from a study conducted by IICA in 24 LAC countries. 7/31/2001 6

7 ONLY SEVEN IICA MEMBERS ACTIVELY PARTICIPATE IN THE STANDARDS CODEX MEETINGS 100 % attendance % 10% 7 countries 26 countries Source: IICA (2000). 7/31/2001 7

8 TRADITIONAL FUNCTIONS OF AGRICULTURAL HEALTH AGENT Disease & pest eradication Quarantine HOST ENVIRONMENT Emergency response 7/31/2001 8

9 WHAT IS THE SCOPE OF AGRICULTURAL HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY IN TODAY S REALITY? PRODUCTION? PRODUCTION 7/31/2001 9

10 SCOPE OF AGRICULTURAL HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY Food Security Environment Public health Production Tourism Competitiveness Trade 7/31/

11 PERCENTAGE OF THE TOTAL VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SUSCEPTIBLE TO PINK MEALYBUG El Salvador Guatemala Panama Colombia Costa Rica Source: Pink Mealybug in the Americas. IICA Honduras % /31/

12 ADDITIONAL GRAIN NEEDED TO SATISFY NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Tons Source: USDA Food security assessment Years Therefore 7/31/

13 IT IS NECESSARY TO INCREASE BOTH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SUPPLIES Tons Tons Domestic Imported Projected tonnage of grain to supply Latin America and the Caribbean in 2009 Source: USDA Food security assessment. Therefore 7/31/

14 AGRICULTURAL HEALTH & FOOD SAFETY WILL NEED ACHIEVE A BALANCE THAT: Does not put domestic production at risk Facilitates increased importation to meet domestic consumption In 1999 Miami Airport intercepted 14,000 pests Source: USDA /31/

15 FAULTY PLANT HEALTH CONTROL COMPROMISES PUBLIC HEALTH Brazil mangoes for export Hot water treatment for Medfly uses contaminated water Mangoes containing Salmonella Newport exported to the U.S. Source: CDC and FSNET. Results: 78 human cases 14 hospitalized 2 dead 7/31/

16 FOOD SAFETY OUTBREAKS CAN OCCUR ALONG THE ENTIRE FOOD CHAIN - U.S., 1993 to % 2% 17% Bacterial Chemical Agents Viral Parasitic 75% 86,058 cases of illness reported in 2,751 outbreaks Source: CDC, /31/

17 THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL HEALTH & FOOD SAFETY ON TOURISM Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreak United Kingdom May % of 1.9 million jobs in tourism at risk Estimated losses for tourism industry: 2001 US$ 7 Billion 2002 US$ 3.6 Billion 2003 US$ 1.4 Billion Source: BBC and Guardian, /31/

18 THE RESULTS OF UNDER INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL HEALTH & FOOD SAFETY -Animals Sacrificed- Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreak United Kingdom July ,800+ cases 3.5 Million animals sacrificed* 17,000 pending slaughter *(Cattle, swine, sheep) Source: BBC /31/

19 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CAN ENTER AT ANY POINT IN THE AGRIFOOD CHAIN Dioxin Volcanic eruptions Wildfires Smelting Manufacture of pesticides, herbicides and paper Industry Market Consumer Source: OMS, Rachel s Hazardous Waste News 269, Promed. 7/31/

20 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND THE AGRIFOOD CHAIN Dioxin Belgium, 1999 Supplier Market Source of contamination: 97.5% meat & dairy products Europe suspends imports Belgium loses US$1.5 billion Source: OMS, Rachel s Hazardous Waste News 269, Promed. 7/31/

21 RELATIVE ADVANCEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY SYSTEMS Regulatory mechanisms Technical capacity Institutional sustainability Source:IICA. 31 developing countries in the Americas 7/31/

22 THE MISSION OF FOOD SAFETY SYSTEMS To guarantee safe foods, access to markets, productivity and consumer protection 7/31/

23 LESSONS LEARNED REGARDING ADVANCING FOOD SAFETY IN THE AMERICAS FOOD SAFETY IS A FOREIGN CONCEPT Inocuidad de Alimentos FOOD SAFETY Higiene y Salud de Alimentos Segurança de Alimentos Seguridad de Alimentos Calidad de Alimentos 7/31/

24 FIVE MISTAKES IN PROMOTING FOOD SAFETY TO OTHER COUNTRIES Food Safety is a technical training problem Food Safety initiatives must show immediate and tangible results Food Safety is an importation issue Countries have comparable infrastructures Country culture for learning and adoption are similar 7/31/

25 SEVEN BASIC FOOD SAFETY PRINCIPLES 1 Leadership 2 Political will Systematic focus on the food chain 4 Awareness, commitment and shared responsibility from the producer to the consumer Determination and prioritization of food safety policies and actions 6 Capacity to manage risks 7 Education and information 7/31/

26 Executive Leadership in Food Safety (ELFS) 2001 Class Countries represented 7/31/

27 EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP IN FOOD SAFETY Cutting Edge Technologies Personal Leadership Development Professional & Community Outreach 7/31/

28 AGRICULTURAL HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS PAST Production PRESENT Food chain Public sector Diseases/pests Articulation public/public Risk factors public/private Eradication Determine and apply standards National system National system with regional components 7/31/

29 AGRICULTURAL HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS PAST PRESENT Definable problems Risk management Large technical cost Institutional investment Specific skill sets Multidisciplinary approach Product inspection Confidence in system 7/31/

30 TRADITIONAL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR LINKAGES - AGRICULTURAL HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY SYSTEMS PUBLIC SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR Technical capacity Regulatory mechanisms Institutional sustainability 7/31/

31 PRIOR IDENTIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL HEALTH NEEDS Adequate budget Stable infrastructure Sense of urgency National and international commitment Training technical people On-going program of surveillance Establish a system of information Career ladder incentives 7/31/

32 NONDELEGABLE ROLES OF THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS IN AGRICULTURAL HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY SYSTEMS Public Sector Private Sector Set Regulations Owner of products Define Standards Investment Ensure compliance Represent country 7/31/

33 THE SHARED RESPONSIBILITY FOR AGRICULTURAL HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY SYSTEMS Institutional sustainability Regulatory mechanisms PUBLIC SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR Technical capacity 7/31/

34 SUMMARY The world of agricultural health is far different than before. Agricultural health and food safety institutions must adopt a much broader focus. Support organizations must retool to be effective. 7/31/