Development of an Environmental Management System for Farms and its Introduction into Practice

Transcription

1 TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN Development of an Environmental Management System for Farms and its Introduction into Practice Björn Küstermann, Maximilian Kainz and Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen Chair of Organic Farming Munich Technical University

2 The model REPRO an environmental management system Environmental Management Systems In the European Union: > 50 indicator based models Documentation of farm activities Environmental evaluation Optimization of farming systems The model REPRO REPROduction of soil fertility System Approach: Interactions on farm level Adaptation to the conditions of organic and conventional Farming Software Development since 1996

3 System approach: Mass and energy fluxes on farm level Feed, straw Conservation loss Animals Solar energy Structure, Intensity, Processes Structure, Intensity, Processes Market products Human labour NH 3 -emission Seed Rot loss N 2 -fixation Matter and Energy balance Feed and Energy balance FYM Direct energy Pesticides Site conditions Machines Immissions Mineral fertilizer Organic manure Humus balance NH 3 -volatilization Denitrification Leaching

4 Data import Geographic information system Databases Model parameter 1: Farming system Site Soil, weather, climate Cropping Structure, Technology Livestock Structure, Technology

5 Data import Geographic information system Databases Model parameter 1: Farming system Site Soil, weather, climate Cropping Structure, Technology Livestock Structure, Technology 2: Environmental Management Mass and energy fluxes Matter cycles, emissions Soil conservation Humus, erosion, soil structure Biodiversity Crop diversity

6 Data import Geographic information system Databases Model parameter 1: Farming system Site Soil, weather, climate Cropping Structure, Technology Livestock Structure, Technology 2: Environmental Management Mass and energy fluxes Matter cycles, emissions Soil conservation Humus, erosion, soil structure Biodiversity Crop diversity

7 Experimental Farm Scheyern, Organic System, 7.5 C, 850 mm/a Inputs Animals Feed, straw 76.5 Organic Manure Mineral Fertilizer Seed N-deposition 16.0 N 2 -fixation 60.0 Plant Nutrient removal Year 2000 Internal farm cycling Yield Conservation loss 17.3 Straw, green manure 30.1 Nmin N org N-surplus Soil Feed, straw 77.1 Manure Animal 93.4 Outputs Market products 10.0 Conservation loss 17.3 Market products 13.5 Manure 8,2 NH 3 -emission 8.6 Rot loss 28.4 NH 3 -volatilization 8.7 Denitrification 5.2 Leaching 11.8 Year Nitrogen (kg ha -1 a -1 )

8 Experimental Farm Scheyern, Conventional System, 7.5 C, 850 mm/a Inputs Year 2000 Internal farm cycling Yield Outputs Market products Plant Organic manure 32.7 Mineral fertilizer Seed 3.5 N-deposition Nutrient removal Straw, green manure 62.2 Soil N org -8.8 N-surplus 81.8 NH 3 -volatilization 7.6 Denitrification 13.8 Leaching 60.4 Year Nitrogen (kg ha -1 a -1 )

9 Development of the Organic Farming System Scheyern

10 N Input (kg ha -1 a -1 ) LSU ha -1 0 % legumes Development of the Organic Farming System Scheyern 1.4 LSU ha % clover-grass N 2 -fixation Farmyard manure

11 Development of the Organic Farming System Scheyern N Input (kg ha -1 a -1 ) LSU ha -1 0 % legumes 1.4 LSU ha % clover-grass N 2 -fixation Farmyard manure N removal (kg ha -1 a -1 )

12 Development of the Organic Farming System Scheyern N Input (kg ha -1 a -1 ) LSU ha -1 0 % legumes 1.4 LSU ha % clover-grass N 2 -fixation Farmyard manure N removal (kg ha -1 a -1 ) Soil N (kg ha -1 a -1 )

13 Development of the Organic Farming System Scheyern N Input (kg ha -1 a -1 ) LSU ha -1 0 % legumes 1.4 LSU ha % clover-grass N 2 -fixation Farmyard manure N removal (kg ha -1 a -1 ) Soil N (kg ha -1 a -1 ) N surplus (kg ha -1 a -1 )

14 Data import Geographic information system Databases Model parameter 1: Farming system Site Soil, weather, climate Cropping Structure, technology Livestock Structure, technology 2: Environmental management Mass and energy fluxes Mass cycles, emissions Soil conservation Humus, erosion, soil structure Biodiversity Crop diversity 3: Quality management Product quality / Process quality Storage, transport, traceability 4: Economic analysis Marginal income 5: Cross compliance Legal regulations, standards Health, environment 6: Sustainability evaluation Indicators and thresholds Spider diagrams, evaluation functions Data export External models Abb. Strukture External models C/N-simulation model, DNDC

15 Data import Geographic information system Databases Model parameter 1: Farming system Site Soil, weather, climate Cropping Structure, technology Livestock Structure, technology 2: Environmental management Mass and energy fluxes Matter cycles, emissions Soil conservation Humus, erosion, soil structure Biodiversity Crop diversity 3: Quality management Product quality / Process quality Storage, transport, traceability 4: Economic analysis Marginal income 5: Cross compliance Legal regulations, standards Health, environment 6: Sustainability evaluation Indicators and thresholds Spider diagrams, evaluation functions Data export External models Abb. Strukture External models C/N-Simulation model, DNDC

16 Spin Diagrams 2000 Back to options Show spin diagram Options Site Structure Performance Environment Feed Livestock number Field size Crop diversity Energy intensity Winter wheat Energy input Root crops Humus supply level Winter wheat yield Nitrate leaching Yield, cereal equivalent (CE) Denitrification loss C recovery Ammonia volatilization N removal N surplus Market product (CE) Spin diagrams

17 Spin Diagrams 2000 Back to options Show spin diagram Options Site Structure Performance Environment Feed Livestock number Field size Crop diversity Energy intensity Winter wheat Energy input Root crops Humus supply level Winter wheat yield Nitrate leaching Yield, cereal equivalent (CE) Denitrification loss C recovery Ammonia volatilization N removal N surplus Market product (CE) Spin diagrams

18 Evaluation of sustainability, evaluation functions Performance 1,00 0,75 0,50 0, N surplus (kg ha -1 a -1 )

19 Farm Evaluation Farm evaluation N surplus (kg N/ha)

20 Farm Evaluation Farm evaluation N surplus (kg N/ha) Crop diversity (Index) 2,12 0,87

21 Comparison of farming systems N surplus (kg N ha -1 a -1 ) Conventional farm Organic farm Scheyern, Conventional Scheyern, Organic -50-0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 Livestock number (LSU ha -1 )

22 Perspective: Development of new model components Emission inventory Biodiversity and Landscape Geographic Information System Environmental and Quality Management in the Food Chain At present 10 PhD theses in Germany