Climate Change and Crop Diseases

Transcription

1 Climte Chnge nd Crop Diseses Drin Estburn University of Illinois Crop Sciences Resilient Agriculture 2014 This reserch is supported by the NC-SARE, Illinois Soyben Biotechnology Center, United Soyben Bord, Awrd No nd , nd is prt of regionl collbortive project supported by the USDA-NIFA, Awrd No Cropping Systems Coordinted Agriculturl Project (CAP): Climte Chnge, Mitigtion, nd Adpttion in Corn-bsed Cropping Systems

2 SoyFACE

3 Atmospheric Chnges nd Disese CO 2 Ozone plnt growth plnt vigor infectble tissue cnopy humidity plnt growth plnt vigor infectble tissue cnopy humidity crbohydrte nitrogen lters pthogen growth nd reproduction crbohydrte lters pthogen growth nd reproduction lef wx lyer slows infection lef wx lyer slows infection stomtl opening inhibits stomtl infecting pthogens stomtl opening inhibits stomtl infecting pthogens plnt residue overwintering of some pthogens plnt defense responses slows infection

4 Soyben Diseses Downy mildew Septori brown spot Sudden deth syndrome (SDS)

5 90 Septori - height in cnopy Height (cm) Ambient O3 CO2 CO2-O Jul 17-Jul 27-Jul 6-Aug 16-Aug 26-Aug 5-Sep Dte

6 9.0 Downy Mildew Severity % Lef Are Infected Ambient O3 CO2 CO2-O Jun 22-Jun 2-Jul 12-Jul 22-Jul 1-Aug 11-Aug 21-Aug 31-Aug Dte

7 SoyFACE Disese Summry Brown spot Lrger plnts, denser cnopies More severe under elevted CO 2 Downy mildew Less severe under elevted CO 2 (O 3 ) Sudden deth syndrome No significnt tretment effects Soyben mosic Slower development with incresed O 3 Enhnced defense gene expression

8 Corn Ozone Project Corn NAM lines nd selected crosses Elevted nd mbient ozone levels Rting disese levels mid nd lte-seson

9 Suppression of Soyben Diseses Through the Use of Cover Crops Three yer study Three res of Illinois On sttion On frm Four cover crop species cerel rye rpe seed cnol mustrd Mcomb Chmpign- Urbn Crbondle

10 Prmeters Evluted Field prmeters Cover crop biomss (spring) Soyben stnd Erly (V3-V4) nd lte (R7-R8) seson folir nd root diseses Yield Soil collection for Greenhouse disese biossy SCN egg counts Pthogen popultion counts DNA nlysis

11 Soyben Stnds Rhizoctoni inoculted plots, UIUC 2011 Fllow Rpe Rye

12 Rhizoctoni root rot, UIUC Lesion Length (cm) b bc bc P=0.05 c Fllow Mustrd Cnol Rpe Rye

13 Greenhouse suppressive soil ssy R. solni, 2012 soils Lesion length (cm) b b b b b UIUC Ayres Allison Hunt fllow rye rpe cnol mustrd P=0.05

14 Greenhouse suppressive soil ssy F. virguliforme (SDS), 2013 WIU soils b Disese Severity b P= fllow rye rpe cnol mustrd

15 Soyben Cyst Nemtode 2011 soil smples SCN eggs per 100 ml soil b b b b b b b b b b 5 0 UIUC Ayres Allison Fllow Rye Rpe Cnol Mustrd

16 ARISA Community Anlysis

17 ARISA Community Anlysis

18 Cover Crops nd Disese Summry Rye nd rpe resulted in the highest soyben stnds, but results were not consistent mong loctions. Rye nd rpe hve the potentil to induce soil suppressiveness to Rhizoctoni rot nd SDS. Rye, rpe, nd cnol cn significntly decrese SCN egg counts. Other pthogen popultions were not significntly ffected by cover crops. Cover crops did not result in significnt differences in microbil community structure.

19 Combining Integrted Pest Mngement with Climte Chnge, Mitigtion, nd Adpttion in Soyben-Corn Cropping Systems Objective 1: Collect IPM-bsed dt on diseses nd insects for the originl USDA NIFA CAP proposl Objective 2: Evlute the impcts of crop mngement prctices on soyben production Objective 3. Continue to evlute the impcts of CSCAP crop mngement prctices on weeds, insects nd diseses

20 Cover Crops nd Soyben Diseses CSCAP-USB Project Tretments: Ridge-till vs. chisel plow Cover crops rye mustrd vetch rye/vetch fllow Evlutions: Disese severity (mid nd lte seson) Pthogen popultions Microbil community structure (rhizosphere)