THE RANGELAND OF PUNJAB

Transcription

1 THE RANGELAND OF PUNJAB by DR KASHIF ISHAQ Introduction Four Extensive range areas Pothowar (2.5 million ha) Cholistan (2.5 million ha) Thal (2.5 million ha) D.G.Khan (1 million ha) 1

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3 Pothowar Plateau Range Area Attock, Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Chakwal, Jehlum, Hilly areas of Gujrat (Pabbi), Mianwali, Khoshab (salt range) meter Altitude Sub-tropical, semi-arid/sub-humid zone mountains,hills,rock plains, piedmont plans, loess plans & river plans Soil is developed from wind and water transported Cont... Temperate in northwest Sub-tropical/semi-arid in south west 45 o C in summer and below zero in winter mm rainfall Home tract of Dhanni kg/ha air dry forage per annum i.e. 2 AU/ha/annum 56 ha/au/anum 3

4 CONT... Bothriocoloa pertursa (Palwan), Cenchrus Ciliarus (Dhaman), chrysopogon aucheri (Khar), Cynodon dactylon (khabbal), Eleusine falgelifera (Chimber) Acacia Modesta (Pulai), Carris spinarum (Garanda), Gymnosporea reyaliana (Patakhi), Olea cuspidate (Kao), Tecoma undulata (Lahura), zizyphus mummulaira (mallah) Recommendation Grazing with suitable stocking rate Soil and water conservation Controlled grazing Artificial reseeding Establishment of rain fed pastures Fodder grains crops Water points Mixed herd Livestock management Marketing of livestock goods 4

5 THAL DESERT RANGE AREA Larger parts of Mianwali, Bhakkar, layyah, muzafargarh, some part of khoshaab, sargodha and jhang Cultivated area (Canal irrigated) = 26.5 % Cultivated area (rain or underground) = 32.4% Area under river beds = 8.7% Grazing land = 32.4% 44 0 o C mm rainfall Sandy soil and wind erosion Alluvial soil with 50-60% sand dune area Cont... Over grazing Not conducive for plants growth Livestock keeping is main business By Thal canal 1 million ha arable Gram, water melons, guar and millets 7 ha/animal units/anum 5

6 CONT... Aristida depressa (lumb), Cenchrus Ciliarus (Dhaman), cymbopogon jawarancusa(khawai), Kareera, Sarkanda or Kana, Eleusine falgelifera (Chimber) Acacia jacquemonti (karir), Haloxylon spp (Lani), Prosopis cineraria (Jand), Van, Frash, Lana Recommendation Grazing with suitable stocking rate Soil and water conservation Controlled grazing Artificial reseeding Hay making Planting fodder tree Stock water development Mixed herd Livestock management Marketing of livestock goods 6

7 Cholistan Desert Range 2/3 area of Bahawal pur division mm rainfall Long spells of drought Sub tropical with sandy soil desert Wind erosion o C Soil is saline, alkaline, gypsiferous 100 m sand dunes in greater cholistan Water is serious problem 40 ha/au/anum CONT... Aristida depressa (lumb), Cenchrus Ciliarus (Dhaman), cymbopogon jawarancusa(khawai), Murgha, Kareera, Sarkanda or Kana, Eleusine falgelifera (Chimber) Calligonum polygonoides (Phog), Haloxylon spp (Lani), Prosopis cineraria (Jand), Van, Frash, Lana, mallah, lani 7

8 Recommendation Grazing with suitable stocking rate Soil and water conservation Controlled grazing Artificial reseeding Allotment of lands Planting fodder tree Stock water development Mixed herd Livestock management Marketing of livestock goods DERA GHAZI KHAN RANGE AREA Between base of suleman hills and indus river D.G. Khan and Rajanpur districts Subtropical non sandy 0-42 o C with 140 mm rainfall Flash floods common Water shortage and uncontrolled nomadic grazing Area of DAJAL Livestock production is tradition 5-7 ha/au/anum Canal irrigation 8

9 CONT... Cenchrus Ciliarus (Dhaman), cynodon dactylon (Khabbal), Kareera, Malai, Kahi Acacia nilotica (Babul), Capparis aphylla (Karir), Prosopis cineraria (Jand), Van, pilchi Recommendation Grazing with suitable stocking rate Soil and water conservation Controlled grazing Artificial reseeding Hay making Planting fodder tree Stock water development Mixed herd Livestock management Marketing of livestock goods 9

10 THANK YOU 10