Which steps is FAO taking to strengthen the links and complementarity between in situ and ex situ conservation

Transcription

1 Which steps is FAO taking to strengthen the links and complementarity between in situ and ex situ conservation Irene Hoffmann Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Stefano Diulgheroff Plant Production and Protection Division Seed Vault Summit - 26 February 2018, Longyearbyen, Svalbard

2 FAO and IAEA-AGE plus partners technical programme Use and breeding In-situ Ex-situ ABS

3 Institutions and capacity development

4 Public sector breeding programmes Use and breeding Ex-situ Pre-breeding Private sector breeding programmes In-situ CGIAR / international breeding programmes Genebanks On farm selection / participatory breeding

5 GRFA diversity 7000 plant species used as food in the world 150 species have commercial importance The diversity kept in situ and on farm by 500 Miill smallholders is unknown 3 species (wheat, rice and maize) represent 50% of Kcal consumed

6 Higher Composite Indices Use - Achievements 2 nd GPA-PGR PA8, characterization and development of collection subsets PA9, breeding, genetic enhancement and basebroadening PA12 seed production and distribution PA15, documentation of ex situ collections and released varieties PA10, diversification PA11, commercialization of farmers varieties/landraces PA16, monitoring and safeguarding diversity and minimizing erosion

7 Institutions and capacity development Review of seed laws and policies is being undertaken for CGRFA 17

8 Use and breeding, seed systems o Review of seed legislation in 10 countries o Regional seed system assessment in C-Asia o Promotion of community seed delivery systems in 4 countries o Post disaster rehabilitation, enhancing capacities to adopt climate smart production in 20 countries o AGE 72 crop improvement projects in 99 countries o Strengthening plant breeding and diversification in 10 countries o Promotion of NUS: International Years of Quinoa, Pulses In situ / on farm o Conservation and sustainable use of crop wild relatives in 3 countries Ex situ FAO and partners support to o Support to collection, characterization and evaluation of germplasm, genebank staff training in 3 countries

9 Protected areas, in situ conservation of CWR Global network of in-situ conservation Use and breeding Global network of on-farm conservation Ex-situ Community seed banks On farm conservation of landraces, farmer varieties In-situ

10 HCI In situ - Achievements 2 nd GPA-PGR PA4, CWR conservation and mgt PA15, information on CWR and onfarm/ landraces

11 Institutions and capacity development National Level Conservation and Use of Farmers' Varieties/Landraces: Revised Draft Voluntary Guidelines Survey on community seed banks

12 Use and breeding, seed systems o Review of seed legislation in 10 countries o Regional seed system assessment in C-Asia o Promotion of community seed delivery systems in 4 countries o Post disaster rehabilitation, enhancing capacities to adopt climate smart production in 20 countries o AGE 72 crop improvement projects in 99 countries o Strengthening plant breeding and diversification in 10 countries o Promotion of NUS: IY Quinoa, Pulses In situ / on farm o Conservation and sustainable use of crop wild relatives in 3 countries Ex situ FAO and partners support to o Support to collection, characterization and evaluation of germplasm, genebank staff training in 3 countries

13 World Information and Early Warning System on PGRFA Svalbard Use and International breeding/ CGIAR Ex-situ Regional genebanks In-situ SDG 2.5 on maintaining genetic diversity National genebanks Community seed banks

14 HCI Ex situ - Achievements 2 nd GPA-PGR PA6, Sustaining and expanding ex situ conservation PA7, Regenerating and multiplying ex situ accessions

15 Dynamic of total medium/long-term holdings conserved ex situ and CWR incidence About half of the total holdings belong to nine major food crops

16 Institutions and capacity development Modular practical guide under development

17 Use and breeding, seed systems o Review of seed legislation in 10 countries o Regional seed system assessment in C-Asia o Promotion of community seed delivery systems in 4 countries o Post disaster rehabilitation, enhancing capacities to adopt CSA in 20 countries o AGE 72 crop improvement projects in 99 countries o Strengthening plant breeding and diversification in 10 countries o Promotion of NUS: IY Quinoa, Pulses In situ / on farm o Conservation and sustainable use of crop wild relatives in 3 countries Ex situ FAO and partners support to o Support to collection, characterization and evaluation of germplasm, genebank staff training in 3 countries o Projects of the Treaty s Benefit Sharing Funds

18 Conclusions o The range of PGR declines with production intensification as selected PGR provide higher shares of total production of the respective commodity - Green revolution Commercial breeding continues to concentrate Smallholders remain the custodians of PGR diversity on farm / in situ CWR are still a largely unexplored resource, and particularly threatened However o Agenda 2030 and integrated vision, new technologies, overall wealth / awareness increase - drivers for a turning point for increased diversity o Commercial breeding breeding goals are diversifying (adaptation traits) and use more CWR o Ex situ conservation progressed significantly but untapped efficiency opportunites

19 Conclusions o National to international public research / breeding / conservation programmes need to continue o Collaboration on CWR in-situ conservation between MoA and MoE o Smallholders need support to continue their diverse GRFA, production systems and heterogenous landscapes Local control, choice and empowerment Incentives for ecosystem services, incl. PGR conservation Rural development, land tenure, access to services and technology, value chain development o Partner with breeding industry for conservation beyond their crops/breeds and technology transfer for smallholders o FAO and CGRFA will continue PGR monitoring, assessments, policy advice, guidelines, technical assistance

20 Thank you