25 Years of Swine Research

Transcription

1 25 Years of Swine Research

2 Original Facilities 250 sow farrow to wean unit was built in 1980 by the University of Saskatchewan. It consists of two 100 sow and one 50 sow units, each with its own gestation, farrowing and weanling areas. Small feeder barn 24 pens capable of holding 10 pigs each.

3 Grower Finisher Facility May 1992, pigs were introduced into the new Grower Finisher Research Unit The cost of the new unit $35/ft 2 moderately higher than the $20 $25/ft 2 experienced by commercial units. 5 functional areas basic, intensive, semi intensive, commercial and proprietary Surgery, metabolic rooms, additional office

4 Sow Facility June sow walk in lock in facility Provides ability to compare group and stall systems 4 week weaning Consolidation of gestation facilities

5 Advisory Board

6 EVALUATION OF FEEDERS FOR GROWING AND FINISHING PIGS Twelve commercial feeders were evaluated 12 week growing/finishing period Feeders were classified according to: feed form (dry vs. wet/dry) space (single vs. multiple space)

7 EVALUATION OF FEEDERS RESULTS ADG and feed disappearance were greater with wet/dry feeders. use of wet/dry feeders will enable pigs to be marketed 5 7 days earlier diet offered in this study was mash difference between feeder types be less with pelleted diets Single and multiple space feeders did not differ in ADG or feed disappearance

8 Wet Dry Feeders How much was performance (ADG) increased? 1. 2 % 2. 5% 3. 10% 4. >10%

9 ERGONOMIC EVALUATION OF FEEDER DESIGN Measured the interaction among feeder dimensions and pig body postures. Determine dimensional criteria which limit pigs from stepping into the feeder, but facilitate reaching the feed access point and cleaning of the feeder. Determine optimal feeder width, depth and lip height for different ages of pigs

10 FEEDER DESIGN RESULTS Grower & Finishing pigs stepped into a feeder at a depth of 20 cm & 30 cm respectively Feeder lip height had only a minor influence of stepping in restricts access to the front of the feeding zone, particularly for small pigs Pigs prefer to stand at an angle approximately 30 o to the feed access

11 RECOMMENDED DIMENSIONS FOR FEEDER Area Depth (cm) Width (cm) Finishing Only (60 kg market) Grower Finisher (25 kg market) Wean Finish (8 kg to market)

12 PRE SORTING PIGS BY WEIGHT Should pigs be sorted by weight at the start of growing/finishing phase? Yes or No Pigs were classified as Heavy, Medium, or Light prior to allocation to pens. Compared a in/all out (AI/AO) or continuous pig flow management

13 PRE SORTING PIGS BY WEIGHT RESULTS ADG and behaviour did not differ between pigs in uniform and variable weight pens Rooms emptied 2 days faster in a AI/AO system Continuous flow Uniform and variable weight pens emptied at the same rate AI/AO variable weight pens emptied 6 days (104 vs. 110) faster than uniform pens

14 EFFECT OF ERGOT ON PERFORMANCE Measure the impact of ergot contaminated wheat on performance of weaned pigs Determine the level that can safely be included in nursery diets.05%,.10%,.25%,.50%, and 1% Ergot contamination Poor growth, decreased feed consumption, and poor feed efficiency Bigger issues in the sow herd

15 EFFECT OF ERGOT RESULTS Feeding high levels of ergot caused severe reductions in growth performance ADG was similar with diets up to.10% ergot Impact most pronounced in week 1 and 2 1.0% ergot resulted in a drop in performance of 82% and 38% respectively and 40% overall

16 How Much Ergot Can We Feed? If wheat contains 1.0% ergot. What is the safe inclusion rate of wheat in a nursery diet? 1. 0% 2. 5% 3. 10% 4. 20%

17 IMPACT OF REDUCED NOCTURNAL TEMPERATURE ON PERFORMANCE Reduced temperature setpoint during the summer Sustain pig performance by modifying pig eating behavior and stimulating the ADFI. Setpoint temperature reduced 6 0 C (18 to 12)

18 RNT RESULTS Two trials showed increases in ADG in the RNT rooms increased from 2.1 to 5.2% Healthy finishing pigs are not negatively affected by a large daily temperature fluctuation (up to 13 C) as long as this fluctuation is progressively achieved through the day night outside temperature fluctuation.

19 Nipple Drinker Height and Flow Rate on Water Wastage Previous work on water wastage indicates grower/finisher pigs wasted 25% nipple drinker, standard flow rate (700 ml/min) and height (5 cm higher than the shoulder height of the smallest pig) Commercial farms, water wastage from a nipple drinker is reported as high as?????

20 On farm Water Wastage What is the range of on farm water wastage? % % % %

21 WATER WASTAGE RESULTS Nipple height did not affect feed and water intake Water intake was about 2 times feed intake Low nipple height increased wastage by 10% in growers and 20% in finishers Wastage was increased by 7% at higher flow rates (500 vs. 1,000ml/min)

22 Guidelines Feeder Gap Adjustment Performance was maximized when the feeder gap allowed for of the trough to be covered with feed. Proper adjustment of the feeder reduced the time spent eating and thus increased feeder capacity

23 Guidelines Workers may be exposed to H2S concentrations that exceed acceptable limits when pulling pit plugs and power washing rooms. Locations of peak H2S concentrations vary within the room

24 Demonstration Project Prairie Swine Centre (PSC), Swine Innovation Porc (SIP) and Centre de développement du porc du Québec (CDPQ) partnership 5 Activities Management Practices that Enhance Sustainability of Pork Production Low Cost Feeding Strategies for Gestating Sows Auditing On Farm Best Management Practices Swine Health Management and Biosecurity Communications

25 Audit/Adoption Auditing of best management practices on farms across Canada Minimum of 2 farms in every province Best management practices based on research results from the 3 partnering organizations What is the level of adoption of research results? Preliminary results

26 Wet/Dry Feeders What percentage of farms have wet/dry feeders in finishing? 1. 25% 2. 50% 3. 75% %

27 Feeder Pan Coverage What percentage of feeders are adjusted properly on farm? 1. 20% 2. 40% 3. 60% 4. 80%

28 Water Usage & Wastage What percentage of water nipples provide the proper amount of water? 1. 20% 2. 40% 3. 60% 4. 80% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% Finishing 10% 0% Low Target High Very High

29 H2S Awareness Two parts: Do you use H2S monitors? Do you provide training? 1. 20% 2. 40% 3. 60% 4. 80%

30 Take Home Messages On average, PSC research projects return $4.10/hog back to producers Approximately 33% of all projects with economic return are considered easy to adopt PSC projects generate $4.00 for every $1.00 of industry contribution

31 Take Home Messages Measured on farm water wastage is as high as 60% Greater attention to properly adjusting feeders H2S monitors should be utilized at all times Re certify employees to ensure training is up to date

32 Acknowledgements

33 Acknowledgements