Pigs Lecture 1 ANS 101 / VET

Transcription

1 Pigs Lecture 1 ANS 101 / VET Yvette Miller, Kim Nairn, and Kate Gannon Murdoch University Portec Veterinary Services

2 Pig industry overview Why are pigs important? How did the pig industry develop? What pig breeds are involved? How is the industry structured? What are the key performance indicators? What influences these key performance indicators?

3 Why are pigs important? Meat 40% of the global meat consumption Skin and leather products Pharmaceutical products heart valves Pleasure and company pet pigs

4 MEAT Yes all from one wonderful, magical animal!

5 Pork cuts

6 Country Millions of pigs China 460 (62% global pork eaten in China) India 17 Indonesia 6 Korea North 3 Korea South 9 Malaysia 2 Myanmar 4 New Zealand 0.4 Philippines 12 Taiwan 7 Thailand 7 Vietnam 22

7 Our impact on the planet The Carbon Footprint of Pork Food kg CO 2 -e/kg (20 years) kg CO 2 -e/kg (100 years) Beef Sheep meat and wool Pig meat Rice Poultry Wheat

8 The Artiodactyla even toes Pigs Also cattle and camels And even related to the whales - Ambulocetus

9 One of the early pigs Entelodont

10 Today's suina - suborder Hippopotamdae Tayassuidae Suidae

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12 Sus scrofa The domestic pig Large white Landrace Hampshire Duroc

13 Berkshire Tamworth Meishan Duroc x LW

14 Meishan

15 How did the pig industry develop Small numbers of pigs per farmer Side business to other farming = grain production and/or dairy (to use by-products)

16 Feeding pigs in WA Barley and Wheat = main grains (energy) Lupins and canola = protein. Swill feeding is illegal: Meat and bone meal does not count (heat treated) Definition is different between states of Australia

17 The global change in pork $

18 Pork price, feed price and farmers

19 Where are the pigs? Where is the grain? State Percentage NSW 30 Queensland 21 Victoria 19 South Australia 17 Western Australia 12

20 Sows Producers Western Australia Sow Herd WA Sows Producers Year 26,000 sows. Major foreign market Singapore

21 How is the industry structured? Males (boars) Nucleus farm 500 sows Multiplication farms 6000 sows Females (gilts) Commercial farms 90,000 sows

22 How is the farm designed Weaning Farrowing Grow/finish Basic Pig Life Cycle Gestation 115 days Selection Slaughter Breeding Nucleus farm

23 Lets walk the farm Breeder shed Gestation shed Farrowing shed Weaner shed Grower/Finisher shed And speak the jargon and key performance indicators as we go

24 Breeder shed Boar entire male Barrow/Castrate surgically castrated Gilt birth to first litter female Sow breeding female has had a litter

25 Breeder / Gestation shed key performance indicators Breeding/service/mating As implied Wean to service/breeding interval Number of days between weaning and breeding Repeat/Return Failure to conceive (18-24 days) Farrowing rate Number females farrowed/number females bred Culling Removal from herd/farm (eg. parity >6) Wean to re-mate (service) interval Sow feed in tonnes / year Target Interference 5 days >7 days 1.1 >1.2 Farrowing rate 87 % <82 %

26 Gestation shed Parity = Number of farrowings. Gestation = state of pregnancy Dry Sow = period other than lactating

27 Farrowing shed Litter = group of piglets reared by a sow Piglet/Sucker = piglet still on a sow Farrowing = parturition / giving birth Lactating = producing milk

28 Farrowing shed key performance indicators Pigs born alive/sow Pre-weaning mortality Pigs sold per sow per year Target Interference 10.9 < % >14% 23 <21.5 Pre-weaning mortality % piglet deaths between birth and weaning

29 Mummified foetus or Mummy Target <1.5% Interference >2.5% Stillborn Target <7% Interference >10%

30 Processing piglets Teeth clipping Castration Iron injection Ear notching Tail docking

31 More jargon for farrowing shed Fostering practice of swapping piglets across litters Colostrum antibody rich milk Body condition score

32 Weaner shed Weaning removing piglets from the sow (usually 3-5 wks; 5-12kg) Weaner piglet from weaning until 10 weeks (30kg)

33 Grower/Finisher Shed Grower (30-60kg; wks) Finisher (60-110kg; wks)

34 Post-weaning key performance indicators Target Interference Post-weaning mortality Feed conversion ratio (4-100kg) Average daily gain (g/day) 3% 5% 2.2 > <520 Post-weaning mortality = % piglet deaths after weaning

35 What influences the key performance indicators? 1. ANIMAL: Genetics 2. ENVIRONMENT (examples): FEED particle size, FCR, mash vs steam pelleted diets. WATER water access, flow rates AIR gases, drafts, temperature FLOOR stocking rate Code of Welfare - Pigs

36 Web resource