DRYLAND CEREALS. POWB 2015 Page 1

Transcription

1 POWB 2015 Page 1

2 Annual Plan of Work and Budget (POWB) for 2016 Name of the CRP: DRYLAND CEREALS Official Start Date of Phase I (as per its PIA): 01 July 2012 Start of the Extension Phase: 01 Jan 2015 DRYLAND CEREALS A. Narrative of Major Planned Work: The CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Cereals aims to improve small-holder agriculture involving barley, finger millet, pearl millet and sorghum in the dryland regions of Africa and Asia. More than 650 million of the world s poorest and most food- and nutrition-insecure people live in these dryland regions, where harsh agricultural environments prevent the growth and productivity of all but the most resilient of crops. Research for Development (R4D) on dryland cereal crops during the extension phase and beyond are intended to contribute to (1) poverty reduction of the subsistence farmers dependent on dryland-cerealcomprising cropping and farming systems, (2) food and nutrition security of dryland-cereal-consuming populations in the target regions, (3) maintenance and/or improvement of the health of degraded soils in dryland-cereal-growing environments, and (4) sustainable intensification of dryland-cereal-production systems to prevent excessive expansion of agricultural area. Thus, the overall research strategy for Dryland Cereals addresses all three of the System Level Outcomes identified in the developing Strategy and Results Framework of the CGIAR. The extension phase of Dryland Cereals focuses on five of the current Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs): 1. IDO1: Improved productivity of dryland cereals in smallholder farming systems in Africa and Asia 2. IDO2: Increased and stable access to dryland cereal food, feed and fodder by the poor, especially rural women and children 3. IDO3: Increased consumption of nutritious dryland cereals by the poor, especially among nutritionally vulnerable women and children 4. IDO4: Increased and more equitable income from marketing dryland cereal grain, fodder and products by low income value chain actors, especially smallholder women farmers 5. IDO5: Increased capacity to adapt to environmental variability and longer term changes in low income communities in Africa and Asia Reduced budget relative to the requested amount for the extension phase has implications on planned activities and the Performance Index Matrix, and this information will be communicated separately. The program was restructured for the purposes of the Annual POWB for 2014, with 2014 being a transition year. As per the new structure, there are five Flagship Projects (FPs) each with seven Clusters of Activities (CAs), as shown in Dryland Cereals Impact Pathway below. The flagships constitute thematic research areas across the dryland cereals value chain, and the CAs constitute crop-region focus (four crops over five geographical regions, namely, West and Central Africa/WCA, East and Southern Africa/ESA, Northern Africa/NA, Central and Western Asia/CWA, and South Asia/SA, including fifteen countries). Each FP addresses critical objectives for realizing intended output targets that lead to the IDOs and consequently to the SLOs, and these critical objectives are uniform across the seven CAs. Objectives within the five thematic Flagship Projects have been streamlined, as identified above, across each CA, and this streamlining is intended to encourage communication, resource-sharing and crosslearning across the seven CAs. Moving past the extension phase with similar intentions, it is also planned to reduce the current seven crop- and region-based CAs into four crop-based CAs. FP1 (Data, Knowledge & Communications), identified in the Extension Proposal, has been renamed as Priority Setting and Adoption Analyses, combining all socio-economic analyses pertinent to demands, constraints and value chains under one heading. It is a collaborative effort with CRP PIM. Dissemination of information from this FP to stakeholders for priority setting is a cross-cutting activity across the seven CAs within this FP. FP2, Improved Varieties & Hybrids, in addition to routine breeding for yield enhancement and stability, will also address the development or enhancement of tools for accelerated genetic gain during the extension phase, and these include genome sequencing or re-sequencing, marker development, GWAS, genome editing, doubled haploidy and mutation breeding. Attention will also be paid to the establishment of robust field-testing and POWB 2015 Page 2

3 phenotyping locations that are representative of the Target Population of Environments (TPEs) for each crop. FP3, Integrated Crop Management, involving collaborations with CRPs DS, L&F and CCAFS, will address soilwater-crop management aspects within the context of prevailing cropping and farming systems. FP5, Post- Harvest Value & Output Markets, will address downstream activities specifically pertinent to post-harvest loss reduction and end-user value. Dedicated activities for Seed Systems under FP4 enable focused delivery of solutions for seed production, multiplication and distribution in both formal and informal seed systems. Activities related to Input Services under FP4 will not be addressed this year, but gradually developed over 2016 and beyond. Country-specific implementation of R4D during the extension phase will consider all global ongoing activities in dryland cereal crops in target countries, to avoid redundancies and ensure complementation. Gender-specific activities relevant to each CA under each FP are identified within Table 1, and this incorporates associated budgets under the pertinent CA. Gender research identified within the CAs and FPs in Table 1 are also parsed out into Table 2, such that Table 2 includes CRP-level overarching strategic gender research, as well as FP-/CA-specific gender-relevant R4D activities. Finally, Competitive Grants during 2015 will utilize $650,000, and the Dryland Cereals Scholarship Program to be launched in 2015 will utilize $750,000 equally distributed over 3 years. The W1/W2 budget allocation for 2016 for Dryland Cereals is $3.100 MM. Estimated W3/bilateral amount for barley is $206,700 and for sorghum and millets, it is $9.021 MM. The budget calculations for POWB2016 are made based on these estimations, knowing that these estimations are likely to increase during the year. Carryover of overspent W1/W2 amounts from 2015 are not reflected in the budgets identified here, but will be factored in during implementation. As per the performance-based recommendation of FinPlan 2016, budgets and activities under Flagships 1 and 5 have been reduced to one-fourth and one-third respectively, relative to those in Strategic gender research and gender-related research activities in the program have been enhanced with a budget of $1.551 MM relative to $1.095 MM in B. Tables See next Pages POWB 2015 Page 3

4 Table 1 - Planned key activities for 2014 to produce IDOs and outputs, with associated planned budgets Level of organisation within the CRP Description of planned key activities at each level of internal organisation Expected results of planned key activities Planned budget ($ 000s) Level n-1: Flagship Project Provide a list of all the Flagship Projects (level n-1) which constitute the full CRP (level n). Indicate, where relevant, the geographical areas where the Flagship is implemented. Number Flagships from 1 to x Expected progress toward the CRP IDOs, and indicators of this progress Budget per Flagship Project FP1: Priority Setting and Adoption Analyses FP1: R4D priority setting based on genderdisaggregated information about farmer preferences and market trends; analyses of technology adoption; and dissemination of related information. IDO 4: Expected progress early proof of concept; Indicators - increased income from dryland cereals 400 IDO 1: Expected progress range from proof of concept to upscaling for different CAs; Indicators increased yield 6,000 FP2: Improved Varieties and Hybrids FP2: Development of improved dryland cereal varieties and hybrids for yield enhancement and stability; improved nutrition and food/feed/fodder quality; and resilience to climate change. IDO 2: Expected progress advanced proof of concept; Indicators availability of food stock, reduced hunger period IDO 3: Expected progress range from proof of concept to pilot phases for different CAs, upscaling phase for one CA (linked to Harvest Plus); Indicators increased availability of micronutrient rich and/or bio-fortified dryland cereals POWB 2015 Page 4

5 FP3: Integrated Crop Management FP4: Seed Systems and Input Markets FP5: Post-Harvest Value and Output Markets FP3: Integration of sustainable crop, soil and water management options, and crop-livestock management, for enhanced productivity of cropping and farming systems that include dryland cereals. FP4: Promotion of effective seed dissemination for increased adoption of improved varieties and hybrids; facilitation of input services. FP5: Promotion of post-harvest value addition and market access to enhance income for smallholder dryland cereal producer; reduction of post-harvest losse. Total budget to Flagship Projects (includes gender-related embedded R4D activities identified below) IDO 5: Expected progress range from discovery to proof of concept phase; Indicators: increased acreage of cultivars with improved climate resilience IDO 1: Expected progress range from discovery to Pilot for different CAs; Indicators increased yield IDO 5: Expected progress range from discovery to proof-of-concept phase; Indicators increased acreage of cultivars with improved climate resilience IDO 1: Expected progress range from discovery to early proof of concept; Indicators - increased yield IDO 2: Expected progress Discovery to early proof of concept; Indicators availability of food stock, reduced hunger period IDO 4: Expected progress early proof of concept; Indicators - increased income from dryland cereals IDO 2: Expected progress Discovery to early proof of concept; Indicators availability of food stock, reduced hunger period IDO 4: Expected progress Pilot; Indicators increased income from dryland cereals 1,500 2, Active bilateral projects 9,228 W1,W2 3,100 POWB 2015 Page 5

6 GRAND TOTAL (W1, W2 and Bilateral) 12,328 CRP Management and Co-ordination 500 Overarching Gender Strategy 500 Total gender related R4D within the CRP 1,551 Dryland Cereals Review Meeting 100 Level n-2: Cluster of activities1 For each Flagship Project, list the relevant Clusters of activities; use one row for each activity Cluster. Number each Cluster with two digits: that of the Flagship Project to which the activity cluster belongs and that of the Cluster itself within the Flagship (e.g., 1.1 for Cluster 1 in Flagship 1) For each Cluster of activities, indicate: - objectives pursued - geographical location(s) of the work - type of methods used (e.g., diagnosis survey, onfarm trial,...) - Gender research dimension (if relevant). If there is a gender dimension, its expected results must be translated in the outputs and research outcomes in next column Expected outputs (results of discovery and proof of concept phases of R&D, see Annex 1) and research outcomes (results of pilot phase of R&D, see Annex 1) NOTE: There are seven common Clusters of Activities (CA) that cross-cut across the five Flagship Projects. Therefore the descriptions for the seven Clusters of Activities (in Column 2) are the same for all of the Flagship Projects, while the numbering distinctly associates a specific Flagship with a specific Cluster of Activity. Within each Cluster of Activities, attempts have been made this year to unify key overall areas of focus to further streamline activities and encourage collaboration across Clusters of Activities within each Flagship. POWB 2015 Page 6

7 1.1. FP1; CA1 FP1: Priority Setting & Adoption Analyses CA1: Sorghum for West & Central Africa - Supporting famers transition from subsistence to market orientation with productive, nutritious, photoperiod-sensitive sorghum production packages for multiple uses in West & Central Africa (Sorghum for WCA) Target Countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria Objective 4: Complete baseline data reports for sorghum in WCA and publish results Location(s): Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria 1. Finalization of baseline reports and preparation of one scientific paper. 2. Mapping sorghum distribution in Mali using remote sensing imagery for Gender: Limited macro-level analysis of gender disaggregated information. Objective 5: Deliver foresight planning and priority setting information for sorghum in WCA Location(s): Sudan Savannah of Mali 1. Analysis of drought patterns for sorghum cultivation 2. Analysis of gender differentiated demand for traits and trait combinations for sorghum adoption 3. Exploring options for screening sorghum varieties for drought adaptation specifically for Sahelian growing conditions (sandy soils, low P) 4. Characterization of popular genotypes and modelling environment x genotypes in systems context (Mali>Senegal>Burkina Faso) Objective 6: Publication of adoption tracking and impact assessment under phase 1 for sorghum in WCA Location(s): Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria 1. Adoption tracking model for sorghum Gender: Gender-disaggregated data Research Output(s): Gender-disaggregated information on crop production trends, input use, crop uses, key environment and livelihood indicators, and farmer typologies for target production zones in West & Central Africa Research Outcome(s): National programs, NGOs and other stakeholders can use the information for better targeting. Research Output(s): Targeting of specific drought tolerance components for variety development; Potential agro ecologies for dryland cereals varieties and hybrids delineated and used for targeting in Mali; Environments characterized and stress patterns quantified. Research Outcome(s): Strategic R4D and priority setting are possible at national and regional levels. Research Output(s): Publication of genderdisaggregated adoption tracking and impact assessment information for sorghum in WCA. Research Outcome(s): Strategic R4D and priority setting are possible at national and regional levels. 92 POWB 2015 Page 7

8 1.2. FP1; CA2 FP1: Priority Setting & Adoption Analyses CA2: Pearl Millet for West & Central Africa - Improving food security for subsistence smallholder farmers in West and Central Africa with productive and nutritious pearl millet food, feed and fodder production technologies (Pearl millet for WCA) Target Countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal 1.3: FP1; CA3 FP1: Priority Setting & Adoption Analyses CA3: Sorghum for East & Southern Africa - Drought tolerant, highly productive, multi-use sorghum varieties and hybrids for food and processing uses in the dry lowlands of East and Southern Africa (Sorghum for ESA) Target Countries: Ethiopia, Mozambique, Sudan, Tanzania Objective 4: Complete baseline data reports for pearl millet in WCA and publish results Location(s): Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal 1. Finalization of baseline reports and write one scientific paper 2. Mapping pearl millet distribution in Mali using remote sensing imagery for Gender: Limited macro-level analysis of genderdisaggregated data Objective 6: Adoption tracking and impact assessment under phase 1 published for pearl millet in WCA Location(s): Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria 1. Adoption tracking model for sorghum Gender: Gender-disaggregated data Objective 4: Complete baseline data reports for sorghum in ESA and publish results Location(s): Ethiopia 1. Mapping sorghum distribution in Ethiopia using remote sensing imagery for Objective 6: Adoption tracking and impact assessment under phase 1 published for sorghum in ESA Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda 1. Adoption tracking model for sorghum 2. Synthesis of farmer trait preferences Research Output(s): Gender-disaggregated information on crop production trends, input use, crop uses, key environment and livelihood indicators, and farmer typologies for target production zones in WCA Research Outcome(s): National programs, NGOs and other stakeholders can use the information for better targeting. Research Output(s): Publication of genderdisaggregated adoption tracking and impact assessment information for sorghum in WCA. Research Outcome(s): Strategic R4D and priority setting are possible at national and regional levels. Research Output(s): Sorghum distribution GIS map for Ethiopia Research Outcome(s): Identification of regions in ESA where sorghum has comparative advantage over maize, and establishment of strategic R4D priorities for these areas. National programs, NGOs and other stakeholders can use the information for better targeting. Research Output(s): Published information on adoption tracking and impact assessment for sorghum in ESA Research Outcome(s): Strategic priority setting for sorghum R4D in ESA POWB 2015 Page 8

9 1.4: FP1; CA4 FP1: Priority Setting & Adoption Analysis CA4: Finger millet for East and Southern Africa - Improving nutritional security with productive and nutritious finger millet production technologies for East and Southern Africa (Finger millet for ESA) Target Countries: Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda 1.5: FP1; CA5 FP1: Priority Setting & Adoption Analyses CA5: Barley for Africa and Asia - Multi-purpose barley production technologies to meet food, feed and fodder demands in the dry regions of Africa and Asia (Barley for Africa and Asia) Target Countries: Ethiopia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Turkey 1.6: FP1; CA6 FP1: Priority Setting & Adoption Analyses CA6: Pearl millet for East Africa and South Asia - Improving food security and incomes with productive, nutritious multipurpose pearl millet hybrids Objective 4: Complete baseline data reports for finger millet in ESA and publish results Location(s): Ethiopia 1. Mapping finger millet distribution in Ethiopia using remote sensing imagery for Objective 6: Publish adoption tracking and impact assessment for finger millet in ESA under phase 1 Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda 1. Adoption tracking model for finger millets Gender: Limited macro-level analysis of genderdisaggregated information Objective 4: Complete baseline data reports for barley in target countries and publish results Location(s): Ethiopia 1. Mapping barley distribution in Ethiopia using remote sensing imagery for Objective 4: Complete baseline data reports for pearl millet in SA & ESA and publish results Location(s): Ethiopia, India 1. Mapping pearl millet distribution in Ethiopia using remote sensing imagery for Continuing deciphering drought adaptation information for pearl millet in India Research Output(s): GIS map for finger millet distribution in Ethiopia Research Outcome(s): Identification and focus on key R4D needs for finger millet in East and Southern Africa. Research Output(s): Publication of genderdisaggregated adoption tracking and impact assessment information for finger millet in ESA. Research Outcome(s): Strategic R4D and priority setting are possible at national and regional levels. Research Output(s): Barley distribution GIS map for Ethiopia Research Outcome(s): Identification of regions in ESA where barley is grown and establishment of strategic R4D priorities for these areas. National programs, NGOs and other stakeholders can use the information for better targeting. Research Output(s): GIS maps for pearl millet in Ethiopia. Improved understanding of droughtadaptation mechanisms Research Outcome(s): National programs, NGOs and other stakeholders can use the information for better targeting POWB 2015 Page 9

10 production technologies for East and Southern Africa and South Asia (Pearl millet for ESA & SA) Target Countries: India (Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh); East Africa (Tanzania, Sudan) 1.7: FP1; CA7 FP1: Priority Setting & Adoption Analyses CA7: Sorghum for South Asia Target Countries: India 2.1. FP2; CA1 FP2: Improved Varieties & Hybrids CA1: Sorghum for West & Central Africa - Supporting famers transition from subsistence to market orientation with productive, nutritious, photoperiod-sensitive sorghum production packages for multiple uses in West & Central Africa (Sorghum for WCA) Target Countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria Objective 6: Publish adoption tracking and impact assessment for pearl millet in SA & ESA under phase 1 Location(s): India 1. Impact assessment of adoption of PMHPRC bred pearl millet hybrids at farmers fields in India Gender: Gender-disaggregated information for impact of pearl millet hybrids Research Output(s): Publication of adoption tracking and impact assessment information for pearl millet in SA. Research Outcome(s): Strategic R4D and priority setting are possible at national and regional levels. No activities this year. 0 Objective 1: Establish, confirm or enhance heterotic pools for main target group of hybrids. Location(s): Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Mali 1. Analysis of proposed heterotic pools for hybrid sorghum breeding across the West-African Savannah zones, based on genetic diversity analysis 2. Assessment of grain Fe & Zn levels in samples collected from 2015 rainy season trials each conducted in 3 replications at ISC Gender: Women- and men-farmer preferred hybrids identified for use by processing industries in Nigeria Objective 2: Increase hybrid breeding efficiency using molecular tools Location(s): Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria 1. Marker detection for fertility restoration gene for A1 cms Research Output(s): Heterotic pools/breeding populations established and improved for target ecologies and priority traits. Research Outcome(s): Improved farmer-preferred varieties/hybrids for target ecologies available through a sound, steady and targeted breeding pipeline. Research Output(s): Markers for fertility restoration gene A1 cms; Hybrid parents for Nigeria Research Outcome(s): Farmer-preferred improved varieties/ hybrids available with desirable traits. 1,141 POWB 2015 Page 10

11 2. Targeted testcrossing for fertility reaction determination, backcrossing for female parent A/B line development for N. and S. Sudanian zone 3. Development of sorghum hybrid parents for Nigeria for adaptation to Northern guinea zone, and processing requirements from industries 4. Comparison of marker-assisted backcrossing and conventional backcrossing as means of transferring gene block(s) for male-fertility restoration into inbred lines having demonstrated combining ability for F1 hybrid production for Niger and Senegal. Objective 3: Improve targeted recurrent population and line development using new molecular tools for enhanced efficiency Location(s): Mali, Nigeria Methods: 1. Development of BCNAM population with CSM63E as recurrent parent, and coordinate with partners 2. Identification of genomic regions, and possibly SNP markers associated with specific trait expressions 3. Quantification of diversity of BCNAM parental lines 4. Advancement of 'Population Guinea naine diversifie' 5. LeasyScan assessment of BCNAM populations in Lata3 background (from Mali) Gender: Several of the traits of focus such as ease of harvesting, threshing, and quality of grain are priority traits for women farmers who grow and use sorghum in Mali and WCA. Research Output(s): Populations developed and characterized. Diversity enhanced. Research Outcome(s): Farmer-preferred improved varieties/ hybrids available in short turnaround times. POWB 2015 Page 11

12 Objective 4: Improve grain and stover quality traits, including grain micronutrient content. Location(s): Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Mali Refinement of calibrations of NIRS of sorghum for stover and grain traits, and large-scale scanning of breeding materials Gender: Contribution to nutritional qualities of grain (high Fe and Zn) thus improving nutrition of women and children. Stover quality for small ruminants is also a trait of importance to women farmers. Objective 5: Deliver sorghum and associated crop cultivar options for crop-livestock integrated systems in WCA Location(s): Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria 1. Development, evaluation and release of multipurpose sorghums for specific production ecologies and uses 2. Evaluation and demonstration of elite sorghum varieties and hybrids for specific production ecologies and uses Gender: Selected varieties are recommended for specific uses including industrial and household utilization and for income generation. Small and medium scale processing and house hold utilization is dominated by women process. Research Output(s): Refined NIRS calibrations for screening of sorghum stover and grain traits. Research Outcome(s): Increase in sorghum production and wide use by industries as farmerpreferred hybrid and OPVs are made available. Research Output(s): Improved varieties or hybrids of each dryland cereal crop adopted by 2% farmers in at least one country in each target region for the crop, over the 2015 baseline. Research Outcome(s): Farmer-preferred improved varieties/ hybrids available for croplivestock integrated farming systems. POWB 2015 Page 12

13 2.2. FP2; CA2 FP2: Improved Varieties & Hybrids CA2: Pearl Millet for West & Central Africa - Improving food security for subsistence smallholder farmers in West and Central Africa with productive and nutritious pearl millet food, feed and fodder production technologies (Pearl millet for WCA) Target Countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal 2.3: FP2; CA3 FP2: Improved Varieties & Hybrids CA3: Sorghum for East & Southern Africa - Drought tolerant, highly productive, multi-use sorghum varieties and hybrids for food and processing uses in the dry lowlands of Objective 1: Establish, confirm or enhance breeding populations and/or heterotic pools for target ecologies through appropriate pre-breeding interventions. Location(s): Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria 1. Multi-locational trials of population-cycle bulks & experimental open-pollinated varieties based on the most advanced Burkina Yellow-Grained Population 2. Advancement of population based on the variety cross of SOSAT-C88 and ICRI-Tabi (& its reciprocal) 3. GWAS, phenotyping & GBS-SNP haplotype allele calls for the West African component of ICRISAT's Pearl Millet inbred Germplasm Association Panel (WCA-PMiGAP) 4. Evaluation of pearl millet landrace germplasm & breeding lines for resistance to the millet head miner Objective 4: Development of integrated selection tools for improving adaptation/resistance to specific stress conditions (e.g. low-p, Al-toxicity, Striga & terminal drought) Location(s): Niger, Nigeria 1. Identification of genomic regions, and possibly SNP markers associated with Striga resistance in Maiwa types of pearl millet Objective 1: Establishment, confirmation or enhancement of heterotic pools for main target group of hybrids. Location(s): Ethiopia 1. Purify/field test 2300 new striga introgressed A/B/R lines at Melkasa- Ethiopia Research Output(s): Seed of variety trial set prepared & distributed to national program partners for rainy season 2016 Research Outcome(s): Steady pipeline established and available for the delivery of improved farmerpreferred varieties/hybrids for target ecologies. Research Output(s): Molecular markers for Striga resistance Research Outcome(s): Increase in pearl millet production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred hybrid and OPVs are made available. Research Output(s): Selections of improved material from Striga introgressed lines Research Outcome(s): Increase in sorghum production for different end uses. 1, POWB 2015 Page 13

14 East and Southern Africa (Sorghum for ESA) Target Countries: Ethiopia, Mozambique, Sudan, Tanzania Objective 2: Development of superior hybrids with adaptation to drylands and with end-use quality traits Location(s): Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Sudan and Uganda 1. Evaluation of selected hybrids (25-49) across agroecologies in Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Sudan and Uganda Gender: Participatory hybrid selection involving women and youth across the agro-ecologies to include gender-based trait preferences Objective 3: Identification of farmer-preferred hybrids for dissemination in target production ecologies Location(s): Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania 1. Participatory hybrid selection trials (8-10 hybrids) across target agro-ecologies in Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia Gender: Participatory hybrid selection involving women and youth across target agro-ecologies Objective 4: Develop early generation materials of sorghum with adaptability and resistance to chronic biotic and abiotic stresses Location(s): Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania 1. Conventional and molecular (MAS) approaches to develop early generations with resistance to drought, leaf diseases (leaf blight and anthracnose), midge and Striga with adaptation to dry lowland and sub-humid agro-ecologies Research Outputs: Evaluation data of selected improved hybrids. Research Outcome(s): Increased grain and stover yield; Decrease in the length of hunger period, increase in storage/stock, increase in availability; decrease of failed acreage, increase in climateadaptable cultivars, reduced environmental footprint Research Output(s): Sorghum varieties facilitated for release in target countries. Research Outcome(s): Increase in sorghum production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred hybrid and OPVs are made available. Research Output(s): Early generation materials with adaptability and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses Research Outcome(s): Increase in sorghum production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred hybrid and OPVs are made available. POWB 2015 Page 14

15 Objective 5: Evaluate advanced generations of sorghum with resistance to Striga, midge and drought and with multiple end uses for stability and adaptability Location(s): Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania Preliminary ( entries) and advanced (16-25 entries) trials of sorghum lines with multiple traits (Striga, midge, drought tolerance) and end-uses (food, feed and malting) Gender: Participatory on-station selection involving women and youth across the agro-ecologies Objective 7: Improved multiple use sorghum hybrids and varieties with adaptation to key biotic and abiotic stresses available for release Location(s): Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania 1. Generate data to facilitate release of at least 1 variety/hybrid each in Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia Research Output(s): Information on Striga tolerance on 25 sorghum lines in the variety/hybrid development pipeline. Research Outcome(s): Increase in sorghum production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred hybrid and OPVs are made available. Research Output(s): Data for release of at least one variety/hybrid each in Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia Research Outcome(s): Increase in sorghum production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred hybrid and OPVs are made available. 2.4: FP2; CA4 FP2: Improved Varieties & Hybrids CA4: Finger millet for East and Southern Africa - Improving nutritional security with productive and nutritious finger millet production technologies for East and Southern Africa (Finger millet for ESA) Target Countries: Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda Objective 2: Establish germplasm collection gaps for targeted collections and generate detailed genetic diversity information using morphological and molecular tools for characterization Location(s): Tanzania, Uganda 1. Characterize germplasm collected in 2014 from Tanzania and Uganda Gender: Gender-specific traits considered during characterization, and accessions with traits specifically preferred by women identified. Research Output(s): New finger millet germplasm collections, and information on their characteristics regarding yield, stability and grain quality. Research Outcome(s): Steady pipeline established and available for the delivery of improved farmerpreferred varieties/hybrids for target ecologies. 566 POWB 2015 Page 15

16 Objective 3: Identify stable sources of resistance ot blast and Striga in finger millet Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda 1. Screen germplasm for resistance to blast and Striga 2. Pre-breeding for identification of new sources of resistance to blast and Striga Gender: Participatory identification of farmerpreferred lines that can be improved further through introgression of resistance to blast and Striga Objective 4: Identify finger millet varieties for drought resistance and desired head and grain characteristics Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda 1. Screen of 25 potential drought resistant varieites in sites ideal for drought screening in at least two countries in ESA. Gender: Women and youth actively involved in evaluation of the varieties Objective 5: Develop breeding populations and lines with resistance to drought and problem soils as well as with resistance to Striga and blast and with farmer / end-user preferred traits Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda 1. Advancement of breeding populations for resistance to blast, striga and drought; high nutrient content and desired traits like snapping quality and non-lodging. 2. Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) using finger millet populations segregating for Ca, Fe and Zn Research Output(s): Finger millet mapping populations for Striga resistance, blast resistance Research Outcome(s): Increase in finger millet production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available. Research Output(s): Finger millet varieties for drought resistance and desired head and grain characteristics Research Outcome(s): Increase in finger millet production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available. Research Output(s): Finger millet lines of different durations for various target agroecologies; data for release for at least one finger millet variety in Ethiopia and Uganda. Research Outcome(s): Increase in finger millet production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available. POWB 2015 Page 16

17 2.5: FP2; CA5 FP2: Improved Varieties & Hybrids CA5: Barley for Africa and Asia - Multi-purpose barley production technologies to meet food, feed and fodder demands in the dry regions of Africa and Asia (Barley for Africa and Asia) 3. Development of early generation mapping population for snapping trait in Finger millet Gender: Traits preferred by women and youth considered in selection and advancement. Objective 6: Test high-yielding varieties in regional multi-environment trials (MET) in representative sites of the targeted agro-ecologies in the target countries to establish adaptability and stability in performance Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya 1. MET trials (25 entries) for the major traits (Striga, blast, drought plus Striga) 2. Participatory variety selection trials of promising varieties (6-8) across target agro-ecologies Gender: Women and youth actively involved in the evaluation of the varieties Objective 7: Improve grain and stover quality traits, including grain micronutrient content Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda 1. Evaluate nutrient-dense finger millet accessions for nutrient stability across agro-ecologies in at least 2 countries. 2. Profile 100 finger millet lines for nutrient content and quality attributes Objective 1: Establish and improve breeding populations for target agro-ecologies Location(s): Ethiopia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Turkey 1. Improve breeding programs for high- & low-input, spring and winter barley, in representative locations through implementation of shuttle breeding according Research Output(s): Data on multi-environmental variety trials Research Outcome(s): Increase in finger millet production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available. Research Output(s): Grain nutrient profiles of 100 popular finger millet varieties; information on nutrient accumulation levels under different agroecologies. Research Outcome(s): Increase in finger millet production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available. Research Output(s): Improved breeding populations for target ecologies. Research Outcome(s): Steady development of varieties by faster identification and promotion of germplasm (for better adaptation, high productivity, enhanced quality, and enhanced pest/disease resistance) through the use of current methodologies that combine classical and 500 POWB 2015 Page 17

18 Target Countries: Ethiopia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Turkey to needs (within Morocco, Lebanon, Turkey as well as between countries at platforms targeting malt, feed, forage and food uses.) 2. Regular updating of the crossing block with new barley varieties for conducting the crossing program of winter barley for different breeding objectives. 3. Enriching the gene bank holding with new diversity through targeted collection missions (tolerance/resistance to heat, drought, salinity and insect pests). 4. Development of FIGS subsets for major biotic and abiotic stresses and their joint evaluation with ICARDA and NARS partners. 5. Pre-breeding using wild relatives of barley, mainly Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum. 6. Constitution and supply of 9 different international nurseries and trials consisting of nearly 700 new genotypes and maintenance of their seed health to provide clean and disease-free barley germplasm to partners across more than 40 countries globally. Gender: Participatory variety selection; incorporation of non-neck-breaking trait to protect falling of spikes during harvesting (reduced drudgery). Objective 3: Develop molecular, biochemical and physiological tools for increased efficiency of breeding selections Location(s): Iran, India, Ethiopia, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Turkey 1. Genome Wide Association studies for new traits (YR, LR, SR, Drought, Salinity) in barley [Yield and Quality traits continued (Grain and Straw quality)]. molecular breeding tools. Germplasm carrying source of resistance to planned biotic stresses is identified, distributed and used in breeding programs for incorporation into already accepted varieties or in new varieties to come. Research Output(s): Molecular markers and genetic associations for resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and for quality traits. Research Outcome(s): Increase in barley production and use for different end uses by small-holder farmers in the target countries, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available. POWB 2015 Page 18

19 Objective 4: Improve grain yield and biomass production Location(s): Iran, India, Ethiopia, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Turkey 1. Improvement of dual purpose barley for forage and straw for livestock Gender: Dual-purpose barley cultivars to help local livestock management by women farmers Objective 5: Improve grain and stover quality traits, including grain micronutrient content Location(s): Iran, India, Ethiopia, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Turkey 1. Evaluation for Fe, Zn and beta-glucan content, malting quality and straw quality with NIR and traditional means Objective 6: Improve tolerance or resistance to biotic stresses Location(s): Iran, India, Ethiopia, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Turkey 1. Distribution of biotic-stress-resistant nurseries. 2. Sources of resistance in the existing breeding germplasm will be identified for incorporation in the elite cultivar/variety. 3. Use of hotspots for screening of each disease / pest. Research Output(s): Farmer-preferred barley varieties with enhanced and stable yields across different target ecologies. Research Outcome(s): Increase in barley production and use for different end uses by small-holder farmers in the target countries, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available. Research Output(s): Barley accessions with improved micronutrient contents for use in breeding programs. Research Outcome(s): Increase in barley production and use for different end uses by small-holder farmers in the target countries, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available. Research Output(s): Barley germplasm sources combining grain quality and yield stability traits. Research Outcome(s): Increase in barley production and use for different end uses by small-holder farmers in the target countries, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available. POWB 2015 Page 19

20 2.6: FP2; CA6 FP2: Improved Varieties & Hybrids CA6: Pearl millet for East Africa and South Asia - Improving food security and incomes with productive, nutritious multipurpose pearl millet hybrids production technologies for East & Southern Africa and South Asia (Pearl millet for ESA & SA) Target Countries: India (Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh); East Africa (Tanzania, Sudan) Objective 7: Improve tolerance or resistance to abiotic stresses Location(s): Iran, India, Ethiopia, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Turkey 1. Identification of drought and heat tolerant spring barley germplasm and their use in barley breeding program 2. Development of efficient screening methodologies for physiological traits for drought and heat tolerance in barley 3. Identification of winter/cold tolerant genotypes in winter barley and their use in barley breeding program Objective 1: Genetic diversification of dual-purpose hybrid parents with improved disease resistance for relatively better endowed agro-ecologies in SA Location(s): India 1. Monitoring virulence spectrum of pearl millet downy mildew (DM) and blast pathogen populations through on-farm surveys and disease nurseries 2. Characterization of virulence diversity of blast and DM pathogen isolates on host differentials to select pathogen isolates for greenhouse screening of breeding material 3. Screening of advanced breeding materials and segregating populations for downy mildew and blast reaction 4. Development of trait-specific, adaptation-specific, nutritionally rich and disease resistant diverse hybrid parents (both seed and restorer parents), their multi- Research Output(s): Barley germplasm sources with improved tolerance or resistance to drought and heat for use in breeding programs. Research Outcome(s): Increase in barley production and use for different end uses by small-holder farmers in the target countries, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available. Research Output(s): New breeding materials available. Research Outcome(s): (1) Researchers knowledge and access to diverse groups of hybrid parents increased to develop superior hybrids. (2) Hybrids in India have increased cytoplasmic and nuclear diversity. (3) Hybrids available to NARS and private sector (country-wise) for up-scaling. 998 POWB 2015 Page 20

21 location evaluation under diverse ecologies and distribution to partners 5. Generation of information on heterotic pools existing in available pearl millet hybrid parents and populations (both Asian and African); and standardization of genomic selection models in pearl millet using diverse sets of hybrid parents as training populations Objective 2: Develop early-maturing hybrid parents adapted to drought-prone arid agro-ecology in SA Location(s): India 1. Drought-adaptation trials in farmers field in western Rajasthan to identify promising hybrids and hybrid parents. 2. Development of tools for genomic selection to develop superior parental lines and hybrids. 3. Functional validation of the T1 transgenic tobacco plants generated for the Pearl millet Aqp PIP2;6 gene. 4. Development of and characterization of T1 tobacco transgenics from stress inducible promoters. Objective 3: Develop hybrid parents for resistance to flowering- stage high temperature, and saline environments Location(s): India 1. Multi-locational evaluation of breeding materials in heat stress ecology (Gujarat, Rajasthan, UP) 2. Development of bi-parental mapping populations and association mapping panel for flowering-stage heat tolerance Gender: Availability of higher yielding hybrids with high heat stress adaptation will improve the Research Output(s): Early-maturing hybrid parents Research Outcome(s): Improved productivity and yield stability of farmer-preferred hybrids. Research Output(s): Hybrid parents with resistance to flowering-stage high temperature and salinity. Research Outcome(s): Improved productivity and yield stability of farmer-preferred hybrids. POWB 2015 Page 21

22 nutritional status of women in pearl millet consuming communities Objective 4: Diversify seed parents and restorers of CMS systems developed in SA Location(s): India 1. Development of pearl millet hybrids using 130 CMS and R- lines from India and Mali 2. Conversion of diverse seed parents to A4 and A5 cytoplasmic backgrounds; and conversion of pollinators to restorers to A4 and A5 CMS systems 3. Mapping and development of breeder-friendly marker kit for A1 & A4-systems of fertility restoration in pearl millet Gender: Gender-specific trait and cultivar preferences addressed. Research Output(s): Diverse seed parents and restorers for pearl millet hybrids. Research Outcome(s): (1) Hybrids available to NARS and private sector (country-wise) for upscaling in ESA region. (2) Breeders will develop hybrids to increase crop-livestock efficiency of farms. Farmers have option of using pearl millet as biofuel crop. POWB 2015 Page 22

23 Objective 5: Identify farmer- and market-preferred hybrids for dissemination in ESA and standardize seed production systems Location(s): Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan 1. Evaluate two sets of hybrids (30 hybrids developed from ESA and 25 developed from India across agroecologies in Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan 2. Profiling of 100 pearl millet lines for nutrient content 3. Evaluation of 3 pearl millet maturity groups ( early, medium and high) in at least two countries (Kenya, Tanzania or Sudan) Gender: Participatory hybrid selection involving women and youth across the agro-ecologies for gender-based trait preferences Objective 6: Develop superior high-biomass hybrid parents and populations for forage use Location(s): India 1. Generation of interspecific crosses involving P. violaceum accessions and pearl millet forage cultivars/germplasm 2. Evaluation of high-biomass hybrids (top crosses and 3-way hybrids) along with parents in target ecologies to identify high biomass and high quality forage hybrids. Research Output(s): Farmer- and marketpreferred hybrids and standardized seed production systems. Research Outcome(s): (1) Hybrids available to NARS and private sector (country-wise) for upscaling in ESA region. (2) Breeders will develop hybrids to increase crop-livestock efficiency of farms. Farmers have option of using pearl millet as biofuel crop. Research Output(s): Information on genetic effects and stability of forage quality traits is available. Research Outcome(s): Breeders will develop hybrids to increase crop-livestock efficiency of farms. POWB 2015 Page 23

24 2.7: FP2; CA7 FP2: Improved Varieties & Hybrids CA7: Sorghum for South Asia - Multi-purpose post-rainy season sorghum hybrid production technologies for improving food and fodder availability in the driest regions of South Asia (Sorghum for SA) Target Countries: India (Karnataka, Maharashtra) Objective 3: Develop molecular, biochemical and physiological tools for increased efficiency of breeding selections. Location(s): India: Karnataka, Maharashtra 1. Generation of additional re-sequencing/genomic resources for developing genomic selection strategy for post-rainy sorghum. Objective 4: Improve grain yield and biomass production Location(s): India: Karnataka, Maharashtra 1. Generation of improved post-rainy sorghum varieties, hybrid parents and hybrids. Gender: Gender-specific trait and cultivar preferences will be addressed. Objective 6: Improve tolerance or resistance to biotic stresses Location(s): India: Karnataka, Maharashtra 1. Evaluation of germplasm/breeding lines for stability of resistance. 2. Evaluation of sorghum transgenic events carrying Bt Cry genes for gene expression, inheritance and phenotype. Research Output(s): Resequencing data made available. Research Outcome(s): Accelerated genetic gain through the use of molecular breeding technologies. Research Output(s): Improved post-rainy sorghum varieties, hybrid parents and hybrids with farmer-preferred traits. Research Outcome(s): National program partners accessing diversified post-rainy sorghum materials with farmer-preferred traits for research and commercialization. Research Output(s): Improved post-rainy sorghum varieties, hybrid parents and hybrids with resistance to shoot fly, stem borer and charcoal rot. Research Outcome(s): National program partners accessing diversified shoot fly and charcoal rot resistant post-rainy sorghum materials for research. 665 POWB 2015 Page 24

25 3.1. FP3; CA1 FP3: Integrated Crop Management CA1: Sorghum for West & Central Africa - Supporting famers transition from subsistence to market orientation with productive, nutritious, photoperiod-sensitive sorghum production packages for multiple uses in West & Central Africa (Sorghum for WCA) Target Countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria Objective 4: Test gender-preferred management practices for mixed cropping and mixed farming for sorghum in WCA Location(s): Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria 1. Evaluation of groundnut/cowpea/bambara groundnut varieties for their capacity to adapt to intercropping with sorghum in women's fields. 2. Sorghum genotypes, micro-dosing and Striga management to improve productivity under water management technologies in Burkina Faso. 3. GxE analysis of sorghum production under micro dosing in farmers fields in Niger 4. Genotype and soil management practices in farmers' field 5. Integrated soil fertility and Striga management Gender: Low-cost improved options available for smallholder women farmers whose fields generally have low soil fertility Objective 5: Test gender-preferred mechanization prospects for sorghum in WCA Location(s): Nigeria 1. Identification and promotion of drudgery-reducing small and medium-scale sorghum production and processing technologies for use by women and youth. Gender: Mechanization options for planting and postharvest activities that reduce drudgery for women in WCA. Research Output(s): Optimal genotype X management options for productivity improvement in sorghum in WCA Research Outcome(s): Increased productivity from the development and use of sustainable crop management options in target production areas. Research Output(s): Gender-preferred mechanization options for production and processing of sorghum in WCA. Research Outcome(s): Increased labor saving from the development and use of mechanization solutions and the potential diversion of labor for on-farm diversification opportunities. 203 POWB 2015 Page 25