Efficacy, Crop Safety, and Yield Trials Conducted As Part of The Oregon Seed Council Research & Regulatory Program

Transcription

1 Research Report for The Oregon Seed Council Efficacy, Crop Safety, and Yield Trials Conducted As Part of The Oregon Seed Council Research & Regulatory Program By Steve Salisbury Pacific Ag Resources, LLC September 1, 2015 References to unregistered treatments are for research and development informational purposes only. Application of unregistered treatments is not advised and will jeopardize future registrations of chemicals.

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Rating system used for Crop Injury, Weed Control, and Disease Control Statistical analysis description... 2 Fierce Herbicide Trials Established fine fescue yield trial. 3 Spring planted fine fescue.. 7 Established perennial ryegrass Established tall fescue. 21 Established orchardgrass Matrix Herbicide Trials Perennial ryegrass yield trial, Amity silt loam.. 34 Perennial ryegrass yield trial, Newberg fine sandy loam Stem Rust / Fungicide Trials in Perennial Ryegrass Mid-Valley Farms, Tangent 43, Malpass Farms, Harrisburg 43, J Bar V Farms, Gervais 44, Slug population/activity response to tillage practices Appendix: Statistical analysis Matrix Herbicide Perennial ryegrass yield trial, Amity silt loam Perennial ryegrass yield trial, Newberg fine sandy loam.. 68 Fierce Herbicide Established fine fescue yield trial. 69 Spring planted fine fescue Established perennial ryegrass Established tall fescue Established orchardgrass Stem Rust / Fungicide Trials Mid-Valley Farms, Tangent Malpass Farms, Harrisburg J Bar V Farms, Gervais References to unregistered treatments are for research and development informational purposes only. Application of unregistered treatments is not advised and will jeopardize future registrations of chemicals.

3 Crop Injury / Weed Control / Disease Control Rating System The visual evaluations made during this trial are subjective estimates of the reduction in the plants competitive ability. These evaluations take into account the effects of stunted growth, chlorosis, other plant symptoms and plant death. Evaluations are based on the response of the plants at the time the plots are evaluated, and are not projections of future injury, control, or recovery. Therefore, evaluations made at subsequent dates will reflect any changes in injury or weed control that may have occurred since previous evaluations. Crop Injury Crop injury is rated on a scale of 0 = No Injury to 100 = Complete Kill. Early season evaluations of 20% crop injury are noticeable and may cause some concern if there is no prior experience with the chemical. Evaluations of 30% or greater would likely cause serious concern to the grower. Late season crop injury of 20% may be serious enough to cause some reduction in seed yield, and likely cause some stunting or delay in maturity/development. Late season crop injury evaluations of 30% or greater are serious enough that a significant reduction in seed yield should be anticipated. Weed Control Weed control is rated on a scale of 0 = No Control to 100 = Complete Kill of the species being evaluated. Volunteer sprout control is evaluated on the same scale. Weed control of 90% or greater would be considered excellent control and would be acceptable by growers. Evaluations of 80% or greater are considered fair control, but marginally acceptable by growers. Weed control of 70% or greater is poor control and would not achieve grower acceptance. Lastly, weed control rated less than 70% should be considered a failure to control the target weed. Disease Control Disease control evaluations are based on the percentage of plant tissue that is infected with the disease of concern. Evaluations take into account both the number of plants and the amount of each plant infected over the area of the treatment plot. The disease rating scale ranges from 0 = No Infection observed to 100 = Complete Infection of all plants and all tissue of each plant. As for overall disease infection, levels up to 15% would be considered light, 15-40% infections would be moderate, and above 40% infection would be considered heavy. However, most growers would consider infection levels 5% or greater to be a level of economic concern and warrant treatment. 1

4 Statistical Analysis Appropriate experimental design is utilized in all trial plots so that statistical analysis can be conducted on trial data. The data is analyzed using Statistix 9.0 statistical software with the appropriate analysis tools, such as analysis of variance and LSD pairwise comparisons. The statistical analysis may not be included in this publication version, however remarks in this report may refer to the statistical analysis. All analyses are available upon request. The Oregon Seed Council Final Research Report version containing all statistical analysis can be found at either the Oregon Seed Council s administrative office or at Pacific Ag Resources. 2

5 Fierce Herbicide Trials Fierce herbicide is a pre-mix combination herbicide product containing pyroxasulfone + flulmioxazin. Pyroxasulfone is a pre-emergent herbicide that has shown in previous studies activity on both annual and roughstalk bluegrasses. Poa control along with acceptable crop injury levels at appropriate product rates make Fierce a legitimate candidate for use and registration for grasses grown for seed. Fierce treatments were evaluated on established fine fescue (PAR1504), new spring seeded fine fescue (PAR1505), established perennial ryegrass (PAR1507), tall fescue (PAR1508), and orchardgrass (PAR1509). Fierce treatments were compared to standard herbicide applications used by growers. Additionally, Fierce was evaluated in combination with various commonly used herbicides in grass seed production. In all instances, the Fierce treatments showed good control of poa species as long as it was applied pre-emergence or early post-emergence. Crop injury levels at the treated rates resulted in minimal and acceptable levels of crop injury in most cases. Rainfall/irrigation and soil moisture are important for activation of Fierce in the soil to achieve optimal weed control. Fierce Herbicide Yield Trial on Established Fine Fescue PAR1504 Ioka Farms, Silverton Application dates: Pre-emergence October 13, 2014; Grower October 14, 2014 SR 5250 Creeping red fine fescue: Planted spring 2012 Field was burned post-harvest. Minimal burned straw remaining on surface. Description & Results The purpose of this trial was to evaluate any impact the treatments may have on seed yield. Therefore, crop injury, weed control and volunteer sprout control were not formally evaluated. The intent of the study was to utilize seed yield as an indicator of overall crop injury. The treatment plots were 20 ft. wide by 300 ft. long. Treatments were replicated three times. Applications were made with a CO2 ATV sprayer. Fierce was applied at 3.0 oz by itself and in combinations with Goal at 4.0 fluid oz, diuron at 2.0 lbs a.i./ac, and Goal at 4.0 fluid oz + diuron at 1.5 lb a.i./ac. The diuron was reduced by 0.5 lb in the three way combination to reduce the potential crop injury. The only crop injury noted was a slight discoloration due to the Goal a few days after application, which is a typical grass response to Goal. This discoloration was short-lived, and the fescue grew out of it with no apparent lasting effects. Overall, there was no noticeable crop injury throughout the season. Even though weed and sprout control were not formally evaluated, it was noted that control was excellent in all the treatment plots. Furthermore, weed and sprout control was excellent in grower treatment outside of the plot area. 3

6 Yield seemed to correlate very well with the fact that there was no apparent crop injury differences between treatments. Yields recorded and analyzed were field-run weights, not cleaned pure seed weights. There were no statistical difference in seed yield between any treatments. The Grower treatment yielded 2,060 lbs/acre, while the Fierce treatment yields ranged from 1,964 to 2,143 lbs/acre. The highest yield was measured in the three-way combination of Fierce + Goal + diuron. Summary The use of Fierce herbicide as a fall applied pre-emergence application does not have a significant negative impact on seed yield in established creeping fine fescue. There was adequate crop safety when Fierce was used as a stand-alone herbicide as well when used in combination with Goal and/or diuron. 4

7 APPLICATION DATA Project ID: PAR_15-04_Yield/Demo of Fierce herbicide on established fine fescue Cooperator: Ioka Farms, Inc. Location: Doerfler Rd., South of warehouse Treatment by: S. Salisbury Application No.: A Plot size: 20' x 300' Trial size: 96' x 900' Replicaitons: 3 Date: 10/13/2014 Time: 1:00-2:30 p.m. Crop Crop: Fine Fescue Variety: SR Creeping Fine Fescue Seeding Date: Planted Spring 2012 Row spacing: Stage of Growth at Application: Fall regrowth Foliage condition at Application: Dry, good health Soil Soil type: Nekia silty clay loam ph: %OM: Surface moisture: Dry Surface condition: Residue management: Field was burned. Minimal burned straw remaining. Tillage practice: Established fine fescue Sprayer Type: CO2 ATV sprayer Nozzle: XR8002 Pressure: 40 psi Spray volume (gpa): 20 gpa Spray carrier: water Weather Air temp: 72 F %Relative humidity: Wind: 7-9 mph Soil temp: %Cloud cover: Wind direction: SSW Pest Name and stage of development at treatment time: No crop sprout No poa sprout Other Notes 5

8 Fierce Herbicide Yield Trial on Established Fine Fescue Yields Trial ID: PAR1504 Crop: SR5250 Creeping Red Fine Fescue Location: Ioka Farms, Silverton, OR Treatment Date: Pre-emergence October 13, 2014 (after first fall rains) Harvest date: Cut July 4, 2015; Combined July 16, 2015 Weigh Wagon Weights (lbs) Trt # Treatment Product/acre Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3 Yield (lbs/acre) 1 Fierce 3 oz Fierce+Goal 3 oz + 4 fl.oz Fierce+diuron 3oz lbs a.i Fierce+Goal+diuron 3 oz + 4 fl.oz lb a.i Grower 2060 Harvested area: ft. x 300 ft. = 4,851 sq.ft. = Acre Grower Treatment: Axiom 12 oz/acre applied October 14,

9 Efficacy and crop safety of Fierce herbicide on spring planted fine fescue PAR1505 Victor Point Farms, Inc. Application dates: Pre-emergence October 9, 2014; Approximately 6-weeks after preemergence November 18, 2014 Survivor variety chewings fine fescue, planted spring 2014 (new planting) New spring planting with exposed soil between rows. No crop residue or straw, tilled prior to planting. Description & Results The purpose of this trial was to measure crop safety and weed control efficacy of Fierce herbicide on new (spring planted) fine fescue. Treatments were evaluated for crop injury, sprout control, and poa control. This trial was a randomized complete block design. The treatment plots were 8 ft wide by 25 ft long. Treatments were replicated four times. Applications were made with a CO2 backpack sprayer. Fierce herbicide was applied at 3 oz/acre by itself and in combination with Goal at 2.0 fl. oz. Treatments also included sequential applications of registered herbicides commonly used in fine fescue production. Other treatments included Axiom and Prowl combinations so that comparisons with common registered herbicide treatments could be compared to Fierce. Crop injury at 21 days after treatment were acceptable with the highest injury being noted for the Fierce and Fierce + Goal treatments. The injury was highest in December, 28 days after treatment B. These injuries were higher due to the freezing temperatures that intensified the herbicide activity. This is a typical response to cold temperatures, and particularly worse under drier than normal conditions. The highest injury rating at this point was Fierce + Goal followed by Outlook + Sencor, 28%. By March, 17 weeks after treatment B, the injury ratings were back to acceptable levels; however, treatment differences were still statistically significant. The injury in treatments 5 and 6 were the highest and may cause some concern, but it is not expected that there would be any reduction in seed yield. Volunteer sprout control was excellent for all treatments. There was only a low level of sprout in the untreated check, but enough to make evaluations. Furthermore, poa never sprouted in the plot. Therefore, no evaluations could be made on poa control. Summary Fierce appears to be safe to use as a fall application on well-established spring seeded fine fescue. It is important to note that the spring seeded fine fescue in this trial was wellestablished with several tillers in the fall at the time of application. Crop injury may have elevated in December due to cold and relatively drier than normal conditions, but returned to acceptable levels by late winter/early spring. Efficacy of poa control could not be evaluated at this site do to the lack of poa in the plot. 7

10 Fierce Herbicide Efficacy and Crop Safety on Spring Seeded Fine Fescue Trial ID: PAR1505 Crop: Survivor Chewings Fine Fescue Location: Victor Point Farms, Silverton, OR Treatment Date: A October 9, 2014; B November 18, 2014 Trt. # Plot # Product Product / Acre Timing 1 101, 206, 307, 404 UTC , 203, 309, 406 Fierce 3oz A 3 103, 201, 304, 405 Fierce+Goal 3oz + 2oz A 4 104, 205, 301, 410 Fierce /fb/ diuron 3oz /fb/ 32 oz (1.0# a.i.) AB 5 105, 207, 306, 403 Fierce /fb/ Outlook 3 oz /fb/ 21 oz AB 6 106, 209, 305, 401 Fierce+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Sencor 3oz /fb/ 21oz+ 4oz AB 7 107, 208, 302, 408 Axiom 8oz A 8 108, 202, 303, 409 Axiom /fb/ diuron 8oz /fb/ 32 oz (1.0# a.i.) AB 9 109, 210, 308, 402 Prowl 6pts A , 204, 310, 407 Prowl /fb/ Fierce 6pts /fb/ 3oz AB 8

11 APPLICATION DATA Project ID: PAR_15-05 E C/S of Fierce Herbicide on spring planted fine fescue Cooperator: Victor Point Farms Location: Lorance Rd. Treatment by: S. Salisbury Application No.: A Plot size: 8' x 25' Trial size: 90' x 100' Replicaitons: 4 Date: 10/9/2014 Time: 11:30 a.m. - 1:07 p.m. Crop Crop: Fine Fescue Variety: Survivor, Chewings Fine Fescue Seeding Date: Spring 2014 Row spacing: Stage of Growth at Application: Several tiller, well established Foliage condition at Application: Dry, good vigor Soil Soil type: Nekia silty clay loam ph: %OM: Surface moisture: Dry Surface condition: Exposed soil between row Residue management: N/A Tillage practice: Tilled before spring planted. Sprayer Type: CO2 Backpack Handheld 8' bm Nozzle: XR8004 Pressure: 30 psi Spray volume (gpa): 20 gpa Spray carrier: water Weather Air temp: 73 F %Relative humidity: Wind: 3-5 mph Soil temp: 70 F %Cloud cover: 10% Wind direction: SSW Pest Name and stage of development at treatment time: No sprout No poa Other Notes Some "pot holes" in the crop: plot #208 - middle; plot #310 - front middle and south edge; plot #409 - very front left and a little spot in the middle. 9

12 APPLICATION DATA Project ID: PAR_15-05 E C/S of Fierce Herbicide on spring planted fine fescue Cooperator: Victor Point Farms Location: Lorance Rd. Treatment by: S. Salisbury Application No.: B Plot size: 8' x 25' Trial size: 90' x 100' Replicaitons: 4 Date: 11/18/2014 Time: 1:00 p.m. - 1:35 p.m. Crop Crop: Fine Fescue Variety: Survivor, Creeping Fine Fescue Seeding Date: Spring 2014 Row spacing: Stage of Growth at Application: Several tiller, well established Foliage condition at Application: Good condition, moist Soil Soil type: Nekia silty clay loam ph: %OM: Surface moisture: Moist Surface condition: Was frozen this morning Residue management: N/A Tillage practice: Tilled before spring planted. Sprayer Type: CO2 Backpack Handheld 8' bm Nozzle: XR8004 Pressure: 30 psi Spray volume (gpa): 20 gpa Spray carrier: water Weather Air temp: 45 F %Relative humidity: Wind: Calm Soil temp: 50 F %Cloud cover: light overcast Wind direction: Pest Name and stage of development at treatment time: No sprout No poa Other Notes 10

13 Fierce Herbicide Efficacy and Crop Safety on Spring Seeded Fine Fescue Trial ID: PAR1505 Crop: Survivor Chewings Fine Fescue Location: Victor Point Farms, Silverton, OR Treatment Date: A October 9, 2014; B November 18, 2014 Evaluation Date: October 30, 2014 (21 DAT "A") % Crop Injury % Volntr. Sprout Control Trt # Treatment Product / Acre R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. 1 UTC Fierce 3oz Fierce+Goal 3oz + 2oz Fierce /fb/ diuron 3oz /fb/ 1.0 lb a.i. (32 oz) Fierce /fb/ Outlook 3 oz /fb/ 21 oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Sencor 3oz /fb/ 21oz+ 4oz Axiom 8oz Axiom /fb/ diuron 8oz /fb/ 1.0 lb a.i. (32 oz) Prowl 6pts Prowl /fb/ Fierce 6pts /fb/ 3oz Evaluation Date: December 17, 2014 ( 28 DAT "B") % Crop Injury % Volntr. Sprout Control Trt # Treatment Product / Acre R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. 1 UTC Fierce 3oz Fierce+Goal 3oz + 2oz Fierce /fb/ diuron 3oz /fb/ 1.0 lb a.i. (32 oz) Fierce /fb/ Outlook 3 oz /fb/ 21 oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Sencor 3oz /fb/ 21oz+ 4oz Axiom 8oz Axiom /fb/ diuron 8oz /fb/ 1.0 lb a.i. (32 oz) Prowl 6pts Prowl /fb/ Fierce 6pts /fb/ 3oz Evaluation Date: March 18, 2015 ( 17 WAT "B") % Crop Injury Trt # Treatment Product / Acre R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. 1 UTC Fierce 3oz Fierce+Goal 3oz + 2oz Fierce /fb/ diuron 3oz /fb/ 1.0 lb a.i. (32 oz) Fierce /fb/ Outlook 3 oz /fb/ 21 oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Sencor 3oz /fb/ 21oz+ 4oz Axiom 8oz Axiom /fb/ diuron 8oz /fb/ 1.0 lb a.i. (32 oz) Prowl 6pts Prowl /fb/ Fierce 6pts /fb/ 3oz

14 % Crop Injury Fierce Herbicide Efficacy and Crop Safety on Spring Seeded Fine Fescue Trial ID: PAR1505 % Crop Injury Trt # Treatment Product / Acre 30-Oct 17-Dec 18-Mar 1 UTC Fierce 3oz Fierce+Goal 3oz + 2oz Fierce/fb/diuron 3oz /fb/ 1.0 lb a.i. (32 fl.oz) Fierce/fb/Outlook 3 oz /fb/ 21 oz Fierce+Goal/fb/Outlook+Sencor 3oz /fb/ 21oz+ 4oz Axiom 8oz Axiom /fb/ diuron 8oz /fb/ 1.0 lb a.i. (32 fl. oz) Prowl 6pts Prowl /fb/ Fierce 6pts /fb/ 3oz Spring-seeded Fine Fescue Injury Response to Fierce Herbicide Oct. 30 Dec Mar 12

15 Efficacy and crop safety comparison of Fierce and Axiom herbicides on established perennial ryegrass PAR1507 Ernest Glaser Farms, Tangent, OR Application dates: Pre-emergence October 11, 2014; Approximately 6-weeks after pre-emergence November 18, 2014 Panther variety perennial ryegrass, planted Fall 2012 This was an established stand of perennial ryegrass with a full straw load post-harvest. Description & Results The purpose of this trial was to 1) measure crop safety and weed control efficacy of Fierce herbicide; and 2) to compare crop safety and efficacy of Fierce treatments with Axiom treatments in perennial ryegrass. Treatments were evaluated for crop injury, sprout control, and poa control. Rattail fescue control was also evaluated on March 9, This trial was a randomized complete block design. The treatment plots were 8 ft wide by 25 ft long. Treatments were replicated four times. Applications were made with a CO2 backpack sprayer. Fierce herbicide was applied at 3 oz/acre by itself and in combination with Goal at 4.0 fl. oz/acre. Axiom treatments were made at the standard labeled rate of 10 oz/acre by itself and in combination with Goal at 4.0 fl. oz/acre. Treatments also included sequential applications of registered herbicides commonly used in perennial ryegrass production. Crop injury 21 days after the application of pre-emergent treatments were acceptable and considered to be as typical as fall herbicide applications are in perennial ryegrass. The addition of Goal to the Fierce treatment did increase the amount of crop injury. Crop injury evaluations of Fierce were very comparable to Axiom crop injury ratings. Sprout control at 21 DAT were fair to good. The addition of Goal to Fierce did not indicate a consistent increase in sprout control as compared to the Fierce standalone treatment. However, there was very little sprout at the time of application, October 11 th. If there was more sprout present at application time, say early post-emergence, then the addition of Goal would likely prove beneficial since Fierce will have minimal activity on post-emergent grass. Sequential treatments were made on November 18, 2014 to treatments 4, 7, 8, 9, and 10. This application was preceded the previous week by freezing temperatures, which stressed the perennial ryegrass. Crop injury ratings 29 days after these sequential treatments were acceptable for treatments 4 and 7, but unacceptable for treatments 8, 9, and 10. These three treatments with high crop injury included Rely (glufosinate) at 16 oz/acre. At this time, the treatments that did not receive a sequential treatment were displaying acceptable levels of injury. The final evaluation was made on March 9, Crop injury was acceptable for treatments 2 through 6. As the sprout and poa control increased so did the crop injury. When looking at both injury and poa control it is evident that treatment 4, Axiom+Goal/fb/Fierce, 13

16 achieved the greatest poa control at 96% and had an elevated but acceptable crop injury of 18%. It is also worth noting that the four treatments with Fierce (treatment 4, 5, 6, 7) had good poa control from 86% and greater. Crop injury was acceptable in these treatments except for treatment 7, 38%, where Axiom was applied as the sequential treatment in November. Comparing treatments 4 and 7, it appears that Fierce is safer as a late fall/early winter treatment than Axiom on perennial ryegrass. Rattail fescue started to appear in the untreated checks in January; therefore, rattail fescue control evaluations were made in March. Excluding the glufosinate treatments due to excessive crop injury, treatments 4 and 7 showed 95% and 85% control, respectively. However, treatment 7 had an unacceptable level of crop injury. Typically, Axiom does a good job controlling rattail fescue when applied pre-emergent. It is possible that this rattail population emerged after the Axiom had dissipated in the soil. In this instance, the Fierce appears to be providing a little more pre-emergent rattail fescue control than Axiom. Summary In this trial, Fierce herbicide appears to be safe to use as a fall pre-emergent or early post-emergent on established perennial ryegrass. It is safe to use as a tank mix with Goal at 4 fl oz/acre, as well as in sequence with Axiom. However, it is not recommended to apply Axiom as the sequential treatment in mid-november or later as unacceptable crop injury will occur. Fierce treatments resulted in fair to good control of poa, and good control of rattail fescue in this study. The best treatment in this trial was Axiom + Goal applied in early October and followed by Fierce in mid-november approximately 6 weeks later. This treatment looked the best in both crop injury and poa control throughout the duration of the trial. 14

17 Efficacy and Crop Safety Comparison of Fierce and Axiom Herbicides on Established Perennial Ryegrass Trial ID: PAR1507 Crop: Panther variety, Perennial Ryegrass Location: Ernest Glaser Farms, Tangent, OR Treatment Date: A October 11, 2014; B November 18, 2014 Treament Plot # Product Product / Acre Timing 1 101, 206, 307, 404 UTC , 203, 309, 406 Axiom 10oz A 3 103, 201, 304, 405 Axiom+Goal 10oz + 4 oz A 4 104, 205, 301, 410 Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz AB 5 105, 207, 306, 403 Fierce 3oz A 6 106, 209, 305, 401 Fierce+Goal 3oz + 4 oz A 7 107, 208, 302, 408 Fierce+Goal /fb/ Axiom 3oz+4oz /fb/ 10oz AB 8 108, 202, 303, 409 Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz+16oz AB 9 109, 210, 308, 402 Axiom+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz AB , 204, 310, 407 Fierce+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz AB 15

18 APPLICATION DATA Project ID: PAR_15-07 E C/S comparison of Fierce and Axiom on established perennial ryegrass Cooperator: Brian Glaser Location: Bass Place, Tangent Loop Treatment by: S. Salisbury Application No.: A Plot size: 8' x 25' Trial size: 90' x 100' Replicaitons: 4 Date: 10/11/2014 Time: 4:45 p.m. - 5:25 p.m. Crop Crop: Perennial ryegrass Variety: Panther Seeding Date: Fall 2012 Row spacing: Stage of Growth at Application: Fall regrowth Foliage condition at Application: Green, healthy, some slug damage, moist. Soil Soil type: Amity Silt Loam ph: %OM: Surface moisture: Moist Surface condition: Moist Residue management: Full straw load, but was not significantly impeding chemical application Tillage practice: Established ryegrass Sprayer Type: CO2 Backpack Handheld 8' bm Nozzle: XR8004 Pressure: 30 psi Spray volume (gpa): 20 gpa Spray carrier: water Weather Air temp: 72 F %Relative humidity: Wind: NW 1-3 mph Soil temp: 70 F %Cloud cover: Clear Sunny Wind direction: Pest Name and stage of development at treatment time: Pre-emergent Other Notes Perennial is greening back up after summer dormancy. Full straw load. A few voles active in plot. 16

19 APPLICATION DATA Project ID: PAR_15-07 E C/S comparison of Fierce and Axiom on established perennial ryegrass Cooperator: Brian Glaser Location: Bass Place, Tangent Loop Treatment by: S. Salisbury Application No.: B Plot size: 8' x 25' Trial size: 90' x 100' Replicaitons: 4 Date: 11/18/2014 Time: 2:30 p.m. - 3:10 p.m. Crop Crop: Perennial ryegrass Variety: Panther Seeding Date: Fall 2012 Row spacing: Stage of Growth at Application: Fall vegetative growth Foliage condition at Application: Green, healthy, some slug damage, moist. Soil Soil type: Amity Silt Loam ph: %OM: Surface moisture: Moist Surface condition: Moist Residue management: Full straw load, but was not significantly impeding chemical application Tillage practice: Established ryegrass Sprayer Type: CO2 Backpack Handheld 8' bm Nozzle: XR8004 Pressure: 30 psi Spray volume (gpa): 20 gpa Spray carrier: water Weather Air temp: 45 F %Relative humidity: Wind: Calm Soil temp: 41 F %Cloud cover: light overcast Wind direction: Pest Name and stage of development at treatment time: 3-leaf perennial ryegrass sprout Other Notes Perennial looks ok, but has some slug damage. Slug bait was present in plot and field. 17

20 Efficacy / crop safety comparison of Fierce and Axiom herbicides on est. perennial ryegrass Trial ID: PAR1507 Crop: Panther variety, Perennial Ryegrass Location: Ernest Glaser Farms, Tangent, OR Treatment Date: A October 11, 2014; B November 18, 2014 Evaluation Date: October 31, 2014 (21 DAT "A") % Crop Injury % Volntr. Sprout Control Trt # Treatment Product / Acre R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. 1 UTC Axiom 10oz Axiom+Goal 10oz + 4 oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz Fierce 3oz Fierce+Goal 3oz + 4 oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Axiom 3oz+4oz /fb/ 10oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz+16oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz Evaluation Date: December 17, 2014 (29 DAT "B") % Crop Injury % Volntr. Sprout Control Trt # Treatment Product / Acre R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. 1 UTC Axiom 10oz Axiom+Goal 10oz + 4 oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz Fierce 3oz Fierce+Goal 3oz + 4 oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Axiom 3oz+4oz /fb/ 10oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz+16oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz Evaluation Date: December 17, 2014 (29 DAT "B") % Poa Control Trt # Treatment Product / Acre R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. 1 UTC Axiom 10oz Axiom+Goal 10oz + 4 oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz Fierce 3oz Fierce+Goal 3oz + 4 oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Axiom 3oz+4oz /fb/ 10oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz+16oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz

21 Efficacy / crop safety comparison of Fierce and Axiom herbicides on est. perennial ryegrass Trial ID: PAR1507 Crop: Panther variety, Perennial Ryegrass Location: Ernest Glaser Farms, Tangent, OR Treatment Date: A October 11, 2014; B November 18, 2014 Evaluation Date: March 9, 2015 % Crop Injury % Volntr. Sprout Control Trt # Treatment Product / Acre R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. 1 UTC Axiom 10oz Axiom+Goal 10oz + 4 oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz Fierce 3oz Fierce+Goal 3oz + 4 oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Axiom 3oz+4oz /fb/ 10oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz+16oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz Evaluation Date: March 9, 2015 % Poa Control % Rattail Fescue Control Trt # Treatment Product / Acre R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. 1 UTC Axiom 10oz Axiom+Goal 10oz + 4 oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz Fierce 3oz Fierce+Goal 3oz + 4 oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Axiom 3oz+4oz /fb/ 10oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz+16oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz

22 % Poa Control - %Crop Injury Efficacy / crop safety comparison of Fierce and Axiom herbicides on est. perennial ryegrass Trial ID: PAR1507 Evaluation Date: March 9, 2015 Trt # Treatment Product / Acre % Poa Control AVG. % Crop Injury AVG. 1 UTC Axiom 10oz Axiom+Goal 10oz + 4 oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz Fierce 3oz Fierce+Goal 3oz + 4 oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Axiom 3oz+4oz /fb/ 10oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz+16oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz Poa Control and Crop Injury March 9, 2015 % Poa Control AVG. % Crop Injury AVG. 20

23 Efficacy and crop safety comparison of Fierce and Axiom herbicides on established tall fescue PAR1508 Ruddenklau Farms, Amity, OR Application dates: Pre-emergence October 13, 2014; Approximately 6-weeks after pre-emergence November 18, 2014 Turf-type tall fescue, planted August 2012 This was an established stand of tall fescue. There was no straw load present. Description & Results The purpose of this trial was to 1) measure crop safety and weed control efficacy of Fierce herbicide; and 2) to compare crop safety and efficacy of Fierce treatments with Axiom treatments in tall fescue. Treatments were evaluated for crop injury, sprout control, and poa control. This trial was a randomized complete block design. The treatment plots were 8 ft wide by 25 ft long. Treatments were replicated four times. Applications were made with a CO2 backpack sprayer. Fierce herbicide was applied at 3 oz/acre by itself and in combination with Goal at 4.0 fl. oz/acre. Axiom treatments were made at the standard labeled rate of 13 oz/acre by itself and in combination with Goal at 4.0 fl. oz/acre. Treatments also included sequential applications of registered herbicides commonly used in tall fescue production. Application timings were pre-emergent and early post-emergent in the fall. There were no poa species present in the plot area. Therefore, poa control was not evaluated. Evaluations were made for crop injury and volunteer sprout control. Volunteer sprout control was excellent for all treatments. Crop injury from pre-emergent Fierce treatments were acceptable (10-15% injury) at 21 days after treatment. December crop injury evaluations were approximately the same for these pre-emergent Fierce treatments. By March, the fescue was showing less injury (6-13%). Fierce applied early post-emergent as a sequential application following Axiom + Goal resulted in acceptable crop injury (17%) 29 days after the Fierce application. By March the fescue had recovered and the injury level was only 6%, which is acceptable. The early post-emerge treatments containing Rely (glufosinate) resulted in elevated levels of crop injury regardless of the tank mix partner. Crop injury for these treatments ranged from 33-40% 29 days after application. These treatments did show some recover by March with injury dropping back to 18-20%. Observations at this time appear an acceptable level of injury, and may have no or minimal impact on seed yield. This injury was due to the addition of Rely to the mix and is not a reflection of injury from the mix partner, Fierce or Outlook. 21

24 Summary Fierce applied to tall fescue as a pre-emerge treatment resulted in acceptable crop safety. Additionally, Fierce applied to tall fescue at early post-emerge timing as a sequential application to Axiom + Goal was safe to the tall fescue. Fierce could possibly be mixed with glufosinate and applied in the fall as an early post-emerge treatment to control sprouted poa and provide pre-emergent control going into winter months. Keep in mind, the addition of glufosinate in a late Fall application will result in crop injury levels that may impact seed yield. 22

25 Efficacy and Crop Safety Comparison of Fierce and Axiom Herbicides on Established Tall Fescue Trial ID: PAR1508 Crop: Turf-type Tall Fescue Location: Ruddenklau Farms, Amity, OR Treatment Date: A October 13, 2014; B November 18, 2014 Treament Plot # Product Product/Acre Timing 1 101, 206, 307, 404 UTC , 203, 309, 406 Axiom 13oz A 3 103, 201, 304, 405 Axiom+Goal 13oz + 4 oz A 4 104, 205, 301, 410 Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce 13oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz AB 5 105, 207, 306, 403 Fierce 3oz A 6 106, 209, 305, 401 Fierce+Goal 3oz + 4 oz A 7 107, 208, 302, 408 Fierce+Goal /fb/ Axiom 3oz+4oz /fb/ 13oz AB 8 108, 202, 303, 409 Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce+Rely 13oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz+16oz AB 9 109, 210, 308, 402 Axiom+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 13oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz AB , 204, 310, 407 Fierce+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 3oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz AB 23

26 APPLICATION DATA Project ID: PAR_15-08 E C/S comparison of Fierce herbicide and Axiom on established tall fescue Cooperator: Bruce Ruddenklau Location: Hwy 99W south of Amity Treatment by: S. Salisbury Application No.: A Plot size: 8' x 25' Trial size: 90' x 100' Replicaitons: 4 Date: 10/13/2014 Time: 8:41 a.m. - 10:34 a.m. Crop Crop: Tall Fescue - turf-type Variety: VNS Seeding Date: August 2012 Row spacing: Stage of Growth at Application: Fall regrowth Foliage condition at Application: very light dew Soil Soil type: Dayton silt loam ph: %OM: Surface moisture: slight damp Surface condition: Residue management: Straw has been baled Tillage practice: established tall fescue Sprayer Type: CO2 Backpack Handheld 8' bm Nozzle: XR8004 Pressure: 30 psi Spray volume (gpa): 20 gpa Spray carrier: water Weather Air temp: 49 F - 52 F %Relative humidity: Wind: 1-3 mph Soil temp: 62 F %Cloud cover: high fog Wind direction: SSW Pest Name and stage of development at treatment time: No poa or crop sprout Other Notes 24

27 APPLICATION DATA Project ID: PAR_15-08 E C/S comparison of Fierce herbicide and Axiom on established tall fescue Cooperator: Bruce Ruddenklau Location: Hwy 99W south of Amity Treatment by: S. Salisbury Application No.: B Plot size: 8' x 25' Trial size: 90' x 100' Replicaitons: 4 Date: 11/18/2014 Time: 11:05 a.m. - 11:36 a.m. Crop Crop: Tall Fescue - turf-type Variety: VNS Seeding Date: August 2012 Row spacing: Stage of Growth at Application: Fall regrowth Foliage condition at Application: very light dew Soil Soil type: Dayton silt loam ph: %OM: Surface moisture: moist Surface condition: Was frozen this morning Residue management: Straw has been baled Tillage practice: established tall fescue Sprayer Type: CO2 Backpack Handheld 8' bm Nozzle: XR8004 Pressure: 30 psi Spray volume (gpa): 20 gpa Spray carrier: water Weather Air temp: 42 F %Relative humidity: Wind: 0-2 mph Soil temp: 42 F %Cloud cover: light overcast Wind direction: SSW Pest Name and stage of development at treatment time: No poa and very little crop sprout Other Notes Fescue looks good. 25

28 Efficacy / crop safety comparison of Fierce and Axiom herbicides on established tall fescue Trial ID: PAR1508 Crop: Turf-type Tall Fescue Location: Ruddenklau Farms, Amity, OR Treatment Date: A October 13, 2014; B November 18, 2014 Evaluation Date: October 31, 2014 (21 DAT "A") % Crop Injury % Volntr. Sprout Control Trt # Treatment Product / Acre R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. 1 UTC Axiom 10oz Axiom+Goal 10oz + 4 oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz Fierce 3oz Fierce+Goal 3oz + 4 oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Axiom 3oz+4oz /fb/ 10oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz+16oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz Evaluation Date: December 17, 2014 (29 DAT "B") % Crop Injury % Volntr. Sprout Control Trt # Treatment Product / Acre R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. 1 UTC Axiom 10oz Axiom+Goal 10oz + 4 oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz Fierce 3oz Fierce+Goal 3oz + 4 oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Axiom 3oz+4oz /fb/ 10oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz+16oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz Evaluation Date: March 10, 2015 % Crop Injury % Volntr. Sprout Control Trt # Treatment Product / Acre R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. 1 UTC Axiom 10oz Axiom+Goal 10oz + 4 oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz Fierce 3oz Fierce+Goal 3oz + 4 oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Axiom 3oz+4oz /fb/ 10oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Fierce+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 3oz+16oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Outlook+Rely 10oz+4oz /fb/ 21oz+16oz

29 Efficacy and crop safety of Fierce herbicide on established orchardgrass PAR1509 Burkholder Farms, Albany, OR Application dates: Early post-emergence October 27, 2014; Approximately 6-weeks after pre-emergence December 15, 2014 Orchardgrass, planted 30+ years ago. This was an established stand of orchardgrass with a full straw load. Description & Results The purpose of this trial was to measure crop safety and weed control efficacy of Fierce herbicide on established orchardgrass. Treatments were evaluated for crop injury, sprout control, and poa control. This trial was a randomized complete block design. The treatment plots were 8 ft wide by 25 ft long. Treatments were replicated four times. Applications were made with a CO2 backpack sprayer. Fierce herbicide was applied at both 3 oz/acre and 6 oz/acre, which are the proposed 1x and 2x rates on grass seed crops. Fierce was also applied in combination with other registered herbicides, as well as part of sequential application treatments with registered herbicides commonly used in orchardgrass seed production. Application timings were early post-emergent and six weeks later, mid and late fall. The plot area did not contain any poa species throughout the duration of the trial. Therefore poa control was not measured at this site. Treatments were evaluated for crop injury and volunteer sprout control. Sprout control was excellent for all treatments. Crop injury was evaluated at six weeks after the early post-emergent treatment, December 15 th, and in early March. In December, the crop injury ranged from 18-45% which are levels of concern for crop health and production. It is important to note that freezing conditions occurred in November soon after the treatments were applied. Furthermore, early December brought cold and relatively dry conditions, which generates a higher potential for crop injury. It is also noted that orchardgrass commonly appears more effected by herbicide treatments than other grass seed crops, and more so under freezing winter conditions. The orchardgrass did show signs of recovery in March with injury evaluations ranging from 8-27% across treatments. However, there was only one treatment with less than 15% injury, while the remaining treatments had injury levels greater than 20%. This level of injury in March is of some concern regarding the impact on seed production. It is worth noting that the injury levels of Fierce treatments are very similar to registered Axiom treatments. It is recommended that another crop injury trial be conducted on orchardgrass to further investigate the response to Fierce herbicide. 27

30 Summary Fierce herbicide applied at 3 oz/acre as an early post-emergent is a safe application to orchardgrass. On the contrary, this trial indicates that crop injury levels may be unacceptable when Fierce is applied with registered tank-mix partner herbicides, as well as when Fierce is used as part of a sequential treatment strategy on orchardgrass. Since the crop injury of some Fierce treatments is similar to the injury of the registered Axiom treatments, it may be viewed as acceptable by growers. It is suggested to conduct more crop injury trials on orchardgrass to further investigate. Factors to be considered with regard to orchardgrass injury should include the age and overall health/vigor of the stand as well as weather conditions, soil type, pest pressure, and post-harvest residue management. This stand was in fair condition for being over 30 years old. 28

31 Efficacy and Crop Safety of Fierce Herbicides on Established Orchardgrass Trial ID: PAR1509 Crop: Orchardgrass Location: Burkholder Farms, Albany, OR Treatment Date: A October 27, 2014; B December 15, 2014 Treament Plot # Product Product/Acre Timing 1 101, 206, 307, 404 UTC , 203, 309, 406 Fierce 3oz A 3 103, 201, 304, 405 Fierce 6oz A 4 104, 205, 301, 407 Fierce+Goal 3oz + 4 oz A 5 105, 207, 306, 403 Fierce+metribuzin 3oz + 6 oz A 6 106, 209, 305, 401 Fierce /fb/ Kerb 3oz + 12 oz AB 7 107, 208, 302, 408 Fierce+Goal /fb/ Kerb 3oz + 4 oz /fb/ 12 oz AB 8 108, 202, 303, 409 Axiom+Goal 13oz + 4 oz A 9 109, 204, 308, 402 Axiom+Goal /fb/ Kerb 13oz + Goa 4 oz /fb/ 12oz AB 29

32 APPLICATION DATA Project ID: PAR_15-09 Efficacy Crop Safety of Fierce herbicide on established orchardgrass Cooperator: Weldon Burkholder Location: Karsten North, North Albany Treatment by: S. Salisbury Application No.: A Plot size: 8' x 25' Trial size: 81' x 100' Replicaitons: 4 Date: 10/27/2014 Time: 8:25 a.m. - 10:15 a.m. Crop Crop: Orchardgrass Variety: VNS Seeding Date: Over 30 years ago Row spacing: Stage of Growth at Application: Fall regrowth Foliage condition at Application: light dew Soil Soil type: Woodburn silt loam ph: %OM: Surface moisture: damp Surface condition: straw load damp Residue management: Full straw load Tillage practice: established orchardgrass Sprayer Type: CO2 Backpack Handheld 8' bm Nozzle: XR8004 Pressure: 30 psi Spray volume (gpa): 20 gpa Spray carrier: water Weather Air temp: 45 F - 53 F %Relative humidity: Wind: 1-3 mph Soil temp: 62 F %Cloud cover: Clear Wind direction: Calm w/patchy fog Pest Name and stage of development at treatment time: Crop sprout 2-leaf no visible poa brome possibly 1-leaf (possibly no brome sprout) Other Notes Plot #408 was oversprayed first 2 feet from treatment in plot #308 30

33 APPLICATION DATA Project ID: PAR_15-09 Efficacy Crop Safety of Fierce herbicide on established orchardgrass Cooperator: Weldon Burkholder Location: Karsten North, North Albany Treatment by: S. Salisbury Application No.: B Plot size: 8' x 25' Trial size: 81' x 100' Replicaitons: 4 Date: 12/15/2014 Time: 2:50 p.m. - 3:23 p.m. Crop Crop: Orchardgrass Variety: VNS Seeding Date: Over 30 years ago Row spacing: Stage of Growth at Application: Fall regrowth Foliage condition at Application: Damp Soil Soil type: Woodburn silt loam ph: %OM: Surface moisture: damp Surface condition: straw load damp Residue management: Full straw load Tillage practice: established orchardgrass Sprayer Type: CO2 Backpack Handheld 8' bm Nozzle: XR8004 Pressure: 30 psi Spray volume (gpa): 20 gpa Spray carrier: water Weather Air temp: 46 F %Relative humidity: Wind: Calm Soil temp: 56 F %Cloud cover: Overcast Wind direction: Calm Pest Name and stage of development at treatment time: Crop sprout in check was 3-leaf on average. No poa found in check Some brome sprout only on the west edge of reps 3 and 4 Other Notes 31

34 Efficacy and crop safety of Fierce herbicide on established orchardgrass Trial ID: PAR1509 Crop: Orchardgrass Location: Burkholder Farms, Albany, OR Treatment Date: A October 27, 2014; B December 15, 2014 Evaluation Date: December 15, 2014 (6 WAT "A") % Crop Injury % Volntr. Sprout Control Trt # Treatment Product / Acre R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. 1 UTC Fierce 3oz Fierce 6oz Fierce+Goal 3oz + 4 oz Fierce+metribuzin 3oz + 6 oz Fierce /fb/ Kerb 3oz + 12 oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Kerb 3oz + 4 oz /fb/ 12 oz Axiom+Goal 13oz + 4 oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Kerb 13oz + Goa 4 oz /fb/ 12oz Evaluation Date: March 10, 2015 % Crop Injury % Volntr. Sprout Control Trt # Treatment Product / Acre R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. R1 R2 R3 R4 AVG. 1 UTC Fierce 3oz Fierce 6oz Fierce+Goal 3oz + 4 oz Fierce+metribuzin 3oz + 6 oz Fierce /fb/ Kerb 3oz + 12 oz Fierce+Goal /fb/ Kerb 3oz + 4 oz /fb/ 12 oz Axiom+Goal 13oz + 4 oz Axiom+Goal /fb/ Kerb 13oz + Goa 4 oz /fb/ 12oz

35 Matrix Herbicide Trials Matrix herbicide, rimsulfuron, provides both pre and post-emergent control of certain broadleaf and grass weeds. Rimsulfuron is being evaluated as an effective poa control option in carbon planting application. The use of a protective carbon band at planting is necessary to protect the planted crop from rimsulfuron, which would effectively control the crop as well as the weeds. It also has some activity on biotypes of diuron-resistant poa, however some biotypes are documented to be somewhat tolerant. Rimsulfuron is a legitimate candidate for registration for use in carbon planting of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. Matrix treatments were evaluated in large-scale yield trials in perennial ryegrass, PAR and PAR Crop injury response of the treatments were observed and noted, and seed yield was harvested and measured using a commercial scale combine and weigh wagon. The two sites were selected to represent differing soil-types to investigate crop injury response differences between a heavier fine textured soil and a lighter coarser textured soil. With carbon planting, as with any soil-applied herbicide, consideration should be given to the soil texture and the ability for the herbicide to move within the soil profile. In carbon planting, too much mobility increases the risk of crop injury. Previous studies with rimsulfuron have raised concern regarding crop safety during carbon planting. Therefore, the trial sites were placed on an Amity silt loam and a Newberg fine sandy loam. Trial results were quite different between sites. On the Amity silt loam, Matrix treatments resulted in acceptable crop injury and no negative impact on seed yields. However, on the Newberg fine sandy loam the Matrix caused a significant crop injury and loss of seed yield. It is believed that other factors at that site also contributed to the unacceptable level of injury. Those factors include the lack of a fine and firm seedbed at planting as well as the remaining post-harvest residue that likely prevented an optimum seedbed and provided channels for exaggerated moisture/herbicide movement within the soil profile. In summary, Matrix applied on a heavier textured soil while employing all the optimum conditions and factors of carbon planting resulted in acceptable crop injury and no noticeable impact on seed yield as compared to standard registered practices. Further research needs to be conducted to investigate the application of Matrix in carbon planting on finer textured soils. 33