Water Security: Responses to Local, Regional and Global Challenges

Transcription

1 International Hydrological Programme Water Security: Responses to Local, Regional and Global Challenges Water Security in Bulgaria September 2017 Sofia, Bulgaria Dr. Anil Mishra Programme Specialist Division of Water Sciences, UNESCO International Hydrological Programme (IHP)

2 International Hydrological Programme Water Security is defined as: The capacity of a population to safeguard access to adequate quantities of water of acceptable quality for sustaining human and ecosystem health on a watershed basis, and to ensure efficient protection of life and poverty against water related hazards, floods, landslides, land subsidence, and droughts.

3 INCREASING WATER SCARCITY 2/3 of the world s population currently live in areas that experience water scarcity for at least one month a year Source: Mekonnen and Hoekstra (2016) World Water Development Report (2017)

4 How we communicate water risk! Baseline Water Stress This map shows the ratio of water withdrawals to available flow. Higher stress values indicate greater competition among users (agricultural, industrial, and municipal). Source: WRI Aqueduct, 4

5 AR5 IPCC (2014) Key risks at the global scale Huitzil (CC BY 2.0) Flash Flood Mexico Droughts Floods By the end of the 21st century, the number of people exposed annually to a 20th-century 100- year flood is projected to be three times greater for very high emissions (RCP8.5) than for very low emissions (RCP2.6). It is expected to increase the frequency of short hydrological droughts (less surface water and groundwater), notably in the Mediterranean, central Europe, central North America and southern Africa regions. Horn of Africa Oxfam 2011

6 International Hydrological Programme Since 1975, IHP has been the only intergovernmental programme of the UN system devoted to water research, and education and capacity building in hydrology Mobilizing international cooperation Strengthening the sciencepolicy interface Ensuring water security at all levels Improving knowledge and innovation

7 IHP VIII Water Security: Addressing local, regional and global challenges

8 IHP provide a scientific knowledge platform IHP plays a vital role in providing a scientific knowledge base for policy advice to manage and cope with challenges to water resources, including disasters and floods, and to increase the resilience of natural and human systems with an emphasis on vulnerable communities, and The Hubbard Glacier is overwhelmed on 14 August 2002 in the second largest GLOF in historical times. Promoting international cooperation to mobilize research and supporting human and technical capacity building, IHP contributes to the implementation of UN goals and commitments such as the Sustainable Development Goals.

9 International Hydrological Programme IHP s Intergovernmental Council is composed of 36 UNESCO Member States 5 UNESCO-IHP Regional Offices Responsible for programme implementation at the national level. They serve as interlocutors between the Programme and XI IHP-LAC Meeting of National Committees and Focal Points (Santiago, 26-28/10/2015)

10 Danube Climate Adapation Strategy Climate change scenarios Annual mean temperature changes Changes in mean annual precipitation 10

11 Global In situ Observing Systems: Limited coverage! Global Runoff Gage Network (GRDC) GPCC Global Precipitation Gage Network (GPCC) (2016) GRDC

12 G-WADI Website:

13 G-WADI CHRS Data Portal Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing, University of

14 Namibia DailyFloodBulletin G-WADI geoserver application in Namibia

15 Towards an Integrated Drought Risk Management Accessible on-line in Spanish and English Three types of maps available for 21 countries in the region: Mexico Belice Guatemala Honduras - El Salvador Nicaragua - Costa Rica Panama Colombia Venezuela Brazil Ecuador Peru Bolivia Paraguay Uruguay Chile Argentina Jamaica Haiti - Dominican Republic - Cuba

16 African and LAC Droughts monitors: African and LAC Flood and Drought Monitors Strengthen the capacity of African and LAC countries for near real-time monitoring and seasonal forecasting to raise awareness of the impact of floods and droughts on vulnerable and disadvantaged groups. User Interface:

17 UNESCO Chair International Network of Water Environment Centres for the Balkans The UNESCO Chair/International Network of Water-Environment Centres for the Balkans (INWEB) on sustainable management of water and conflict resolution was established in July 2003 at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Department of Civil Engineering, Division of Hydraulics and Environmental Engineering, Hydraulics Laboratory. The UNESCO Chair/INWEB cooperates closely with UNESCO s International Hydrological Programme (UNESCO IHP) (Paris) and UNESCO s Regional Office for Science in Europe (UNESCO BRESCE) (Venice), as well as other major international organisations such as the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).

18 INWEB s geoinformation databases Shared Aquifers in SEE Shared Surface Waters in SEE

19 UNESCO IHP is compiling information on and mapping Transboundary Aquifers in the framework of the ISARM programme SDG Indicator 6.5.2: Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation. (UNESCO and UNECE: custodian agencies) Delineation of Transboundary aquifers / Groundwater bodies is essential for indicator calculation

20 Innvative tools to support informed decision making irainlaunching at COP22

21 Graphical Tools and Data services Drought and flood early warning systems to all: Expansion of the African Drought Early Warning System to Southern Africa Look for new tools to make data more accessible: RainMapper, a user-friendly web application for local and global real-time precipitation Glaciers App, New information system on worldwide glacier changes, bringing scientifically sound facts and figures to decision makers.

22 1.5 Build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 13.1 strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate related hazards and natural disasters in all countries 11.5 Reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and decrease the direct economic losses caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations

23 Thank you!