Executive Summary 2013 Agricultural Census Whole Kingdom

Transcription

1 Executive Summary 13 Agricultural Census Whole Kingdom National Statistical Office (NSO) conducted the First Agricultural Census in and 3, respectively. Agricultural Census takes place every 1 years with the recommendations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). National Statistical Office (NSO) conducted the 13 Agricultural Census which is the sixth round of its series. The census aims to provide basic information on the structure of agriculture at administrative units and that information over ten years provides as a guideline for developing agricultural policies and plans as well as monitoring agricultural development for both national and local levels. For this census round, the data collection fieldwork was involved by the 15, agricultural volunteers at village level and the 3, agricultural extension officers and the NSO provincial staff; they were sent out to interview all agricultural holdings throughout the country. The census fieldwork was carried out during May 13 by using a portable device (Tablet). The findings are as following. 1. Number and area of holdings As of the census day (1 st May 13), Thailand had totally 5.9 million of agricultural holdings, which was accounted for 25.2 percent of total households of the country. 1/ The total area of holding was million rais or averagely 19.7 rais per holding. The majority of agricultural holdings, 2.7 million (46.4%), located in Northeastern which also had the biggest area of holding for 54.6 million rais (46.8%). The Northern was the second in the number of holdings and area of holding, for 1.3 million members and 27.5 million rais (22.% and 23.6% respectively). Southern for 1. million members and 14.9 million rais (17.3% and 12.8% respectively). Central region had the least number of holdings for.9 million members (14.3%) and the area of holding for 19.6 million rais (16.8%). Considering to the average area of holding, it was found that Central, which had the least number of holdings, had the highest of the average area of holding 23.1 rais. This was followed by the Northern and the Northeastern (21.2 and 19.9 rais respectively), while the Southern had the lowest of the average area of holding was 14.6 rais. Table 1 Number and area of holdings by region (13) Number of (million case) Area of holding (million rai) Average area of holding number % number % (rai) Whole Kingdom Central Northern Northeastern Southern Considering changes of agricultural holding during the past 1 years, the number of holdings and the area of holding increased from 5.8 to 5.9 million members (1.7%) and from to million rais (3.5%), the average area of holding were 19.4 and 1.97 rais respectively. Figure 1 Comparing number and area of holdings ( ) Number of holdings (million case) rai 19.4 rai 19.7 rai Area of holding (million rai) Number of Holdings Area of holding Average area of holding 1/ In 13, total households in Thailand is 23.5 million households (The bureau of Registration Administration, Department of Provincial Administration, Ministry of Interior) Census scope : Covering four agricultural activities which were crops, livestock, freshwater aquaculture and sea salt farm, of which the agricultural operation was mainly for selling purpose (including planting rice for owned consumption and raising cattle/buffalo for farm work)

2 5. 2. ล กษณะการท าการเกษตร Type of agricultural activity The Agricultural Census in 13, it was found that most of agricultural holdings 5.9 million members (96.4%) are cultivating crops. Of this number, about 19.8 percent was also operated with the other type agricultural activities such as livestock, freshwater culture or sea salt farm. The agricultural holders that cultivated single agricultural up to 8. percent with cultivating crops, rearing livestock, freshwater culture or sea salt farm. Each activity, cultivating crops, might operate with a variety of crops or a variety of livestock. The two - typed activity of agricultural holdings was found 18.7 percent, while the holdings of three - typed and above of agricultural activity was found only 1.3 percent. Figure 2 Number of holdings by type of agricultural activity (13) Cultivating crops.8 Rearing livestock freshwater Culture Sea salt farm Note : respondents can answer more than one type of agricultural activity. Type 3. ขนาดเน อท ถ อครองท าการเกษตร Size of total area of holding The majority of agricultural holders in Thailand (87.8%) had an area less than 4 rais, which of this numbers 5.7 percent was of agricultural holdings having area 1 39 rais. There was only.5 percent for the agricultural holdings having area 14 rais and over. Concerning changes during the past 1 years, the number of holdings increased from the 3 Agricultural Census by 96,888 members (1.7 percent). The significant increase was mainly due to the increasing of the holdings of area rais (by.9%). It was also found that the holdings of the small to medium size of area, which were lower than 6 rais, 6 9 rais and 1 39 rais, decreased by.3,.2 and.4 percent respectively. Comparing the result across region, it was discovered that the majority of holdings in all regions occupied the area of 1 39 rais. The most of this area, the Northeastern holding was accounted for 57.9 percent. Followed by the Southern region, the area of lower than 6 rais was found the most (34.4%) and the area of 14 rais and over was found the least. The highest proportion of the holding of area 14 rais and over was found in Central (1.2%). Figure 3 Number of holdings by size of total area of holding ( ) under 6 rais 6-9 rais 1-39 rais rais 14 rais and over Whole Central Northern Northeastern Southern Kingdom

3 4. Land tenure The majority of holdings operated solely under owned land (78.7%). About 1. percent was the holdings operated under both owned land and non owned land. The rest 11.3 percent was the holdings operated under non - owned land. Figure 4 Number of holdings with land by land tenure (13) Operate under owned land 78.7% Number of holding 5.9 Million case 1.% 11.3% Operate under owned land and non - owned land Operate under non - owned land Concerning by regions, the major use of agricultural land in Northeastern, Northern and Central was for rice ( %), followed by field crops ( %). The area of holding in Southern was mainly used for para rubber and for permanent crops/ forest (66.6% and 24.4% respectively). The land use for permanent crops/ forest in Central and Northern was found for 14.6 percent and 9.2 percent respectively, while the land use for para rubber in these two regions was 8.5 percent and 3.2 percent respectively. Figure 5 Comparing area of holding by land use ( ) 5. Area of holding by land use From the total area of holding million rais, about half of the total area (51.3%) was the area under rice, followed by field crop (22.4%), para rubber (14.5%) and permanent crops/ forest (8.5%) respectively. The result of this Agricultural Census has revealed that during the past 1 years, the area of para rubber and field crops grew significantly. In contrast, the area under rice and permanent crops/ forest was decrease Rice Para rubber Permanent crop/forest Field crop Vegetable crop/herb/ Flower and ornamental plant Pasture and other Whole Central Northern Northeastern Southern Kingdom 5.7

4 6. Fertilizer The majority of agricultural holdings (92.6%) used fertilizer. From those who used fertilizer most of them (86.9%) used inorganic fertilizer. By this number, about 51.9 percent used only inorganic fertilizer. However, the use of organic fertilizer only and the used of bio-fertilizer only were found only 2.2 and 1.7 percent respectively. Considering the fertilizer use from 3 to 13, it was discovered that holdings used fertilizer increasingly from 9.2 percent in 3 to 92.6 percent in 13. There were especially using inorganic fertilizer only had decreased from 56.8 percent in 3 to 51.9 percent in 13. In regard to the average number of using inorganic fertilizer per rai, it was found that its use fertilizer increasingly from 41.8 kg. per rai in 3 to 57.3 kg. per rai in 13. Table 2 Number of holdings by using fertilizer ( ) Item Number of holdings with crop 5,516,31 5,582,336 5,653,311 (1%) (1%) (1%) Not using fertilizer 845,31 549,269 4,249 (15.3) (9.8) (7.4) Use fertilizer 4,671,27 5,33,67 5,233,63 (84.7) (9.2) (92.6) Inorganic 2,542, 3,172,492 2,932,86 (46.1) (56.8) (51.9) Organic 174,82 155, ,69 (3.2) (2.8) (2.2) Bio * * 96,773 (1.7) Inorganic and other 1,955,168 1,74,929 1,977,4 (35.4) (3.6) (35.) Organic and bio * * 13,51 (1.8) 2. Area treated inorganic fertilizer (rai) 83,276,755 97,283,4 18,9, Quantity used inorganic fertilizer 2,825,89 4,66,325 6,242,144 (1, kg.) Average per rai (kg.) Note * In 1993 and 3, did not collect about bio-fertilizer. It is noteworthy that holdings in Northeastern region is the highest using fertilizer of the agricultural holders (96.8%) and the use of inorganic fertilizers up to 92.4 percent. (this included holdings using inorganic fertilizer only and holdings using both inorganic fertilizer and other type of fertilizer). Figure 6 Number of holdings by using fertilizer by region (13) Whole Northern Central Kingdom Northeastern Southern Inorganic fertilizer Organic fertilizer Bio-fertilizer Inorganic fertilizer and other Organic and Bio-fertilizer

5 7. Demographic characteristics and activity status The 13 census result showed that 63.7 percent of private agricultural holders were male, and the rest 36.3 percent were female. During 3 to 13, the proportion of male holders decreased from 72.3 percent to 63.7 percent respectively, while the proportion of female holders increased from 27.7 percent to 36.3 percent. Considering by age group of holders, it was found that most of holders had aged 35 years and over, however, for holders aged years continued to decrease from 26.8 percent in 3 to 18.4 percent in 13. It was also observed the increase for the proportion of the holders aged 65 years and over from 13.1 percent to 18.5 percent. Figure 7 Number of holders by sex and age group ( ) Number of holders (Exculding corporation) (Percen) Male Female Item Total number of holders 5,644,339 5,88,128 5,95,714 (1%) (1%) (1%) by age group Under 25 years 99,756 51,3 34,313 (1.8) (.9) (.6) years 961, ,568 36,14 (17.) (12.9) (5.2) years 1,3,257 1,553,799 1,88,389 (28.4) (26.8) (18.4) years 1,364,877 1,628,863 1,834,958 (24.2) (28.) (31.1) years 1,47,98 1,64,851 1,545,5 (18.5) (18.3) (26.2) 65 years and over 567, ,747 1,96,316 (1.1) (13.1) (18.5) Concerning members of agricultural households in Thailand, there were totally 19.7 million members, which was accounted for 3.4 percent of the whole population of the country. 2/ The proportion of female was found higher than male, 51.4 percent and 48.6 percent respectively. The household size was averagely 3.3 persons, which decreased from 3.8 persons in year 3. Considering by age of members, it was discovered that the group of members aged 45 years and over increased from 29.9 percent in 3 to 43.9 percent in 13. Table 3 Number of holder s household members by sex and age group ( ) Item Total number of holder's household 23,972,524 21,955,875 19,678,956 member (Exculding corporation) (1%) (1%) (1%) Average per household By sex Male 11,912,444 11,221,247 9,57,72 (49.7) (51.1) (48.6) Female 12,,8 1,734,628 1,18,254 (5.3) (48.9) (51.4) By age group Under 25 years 1,887,668 7,4,824 5,75,57 (45.4) (33.7) (25.8) years 4,54,933 4,233,436 2,628,988 (16.9) (19.3) (13.4) years 3,577,277 3,746,418 3,329,791 (14.9) (17.1) (16.9) years 2,521,839 3,121,284 3,72,52 (1.5) (14.2) (18.8) years 1,793,138 1,893,534 2,766,543 (7.5) (8.6) (14.1) 65 years and over 1,137,669 1,5,379 2,175,562 (4.8) (7.1) (11.) 2/ In 13, total population in Thailand is 64.8 million persons.( The bureau of Registration Administration, Department of Provincial Administration, Ministry of Interior)

6 Concerning activity status of the household members aged 1 years and over, it was found that 86.2 percent engaged in the economically activities. By this, 75.6 percent of the members aged 1 years and over engaged with agricultural activity in their holdings. Among these 47. percent engaged in agricultural work only on the holding and 28.6 percent engaged both in agricultural work on the holding and other works, while 1.6 percent of members did not engage in agricultural work on the holding. It was noticed that the proportion of members who works in their holdings only increased from 37.1 percent in 3 to 47. percent in 13. Table 4 Number of holder s household members 1 years of age and over by activity status ( ) Item Number of holder's household members 19,185,542 19,633,586 18,2,113 1 years of age and over (1%) (1%) (1%) By activity status Economically active 17,328,2 16,375,145 15,683,52 (9.3) (83.4) (86.2) Engaged in agricultural work on 1,995,1 7,279,815 8,548,391 the holding only (57.3) (37.1) (47.) Mainly engaged in agricultural 3,463,39 4,918,779 3,3,449 work on the holding (18.1) (25.1) (18.1) and other works Mainly engaged in other works 1,848,623 2,917,6 1,9,861 and in agricultural work (9.6) (14.8) (1.5) on the holding Mainly engaged in other works 1,21,458 1,258,945 1,933,81 (Not engaged in agricultural (5.3) (6.4) (1.6) work on the holding) Not economically active 1,857,322 3,258,441 2,518,611 (9.7) (16.6) (13.8) Figure 8 Education of holders (3 13) Bachelor degree and higher Vocational education/ High vocational education/ Teachers' trainning (every diploma in education) Secondary education Elementary education Lower than elementary education Others No education Considering by regions, it was found that Northeastern and Central region had the proportion of holders with primary education level higher than percent (7.7% and 64.%), followed by Northern and Southern region (59.6% and 56.2% respectively). It was found that Southern had the highest proportion of the holder s household which secondary education. The highest proportion of agriculture holders in the Northern region who graduated lower than elementary education and had no education were 13.2 percent and 8.5 percent respectively. Figure 9 Education of holders by region (13) Education level of the holders In the last 1 years, the higher education of agricultural holders with secondary education level increased from 9.3 percent to 16.4 percent. For the holders with vocational degree and the holders with bachelor degree and higher level, the proportions were also increase (from 1.6% to 2.6% and 1.2% to 2.5% respectively). However, the proportion of holders with primary education level had decreased from 7.4 percent to 64.8 percent. The same pattern was also for the holders who had no schooling, which had decreased from 4.8 percent to 3.3 percent Whole Kingdom Central Northern Northeastern Southern Bachelor degree and higher Vocational education/ High vocational education/ Teachers' trainning (every diploma in education) p Secondary education Elementary education Lower than elementary education Others No education

7 1. 9. รายได จากผลผล ตทางการเกษตร Income of holders household There were 47.5 percent of holders who had household income from agricultural activity only. It was observed that the proportion of the holder s household earned income from agricultural activity only increased by double from 3 (from 21.1% to 47.5%), while 52.5 percent of holder s household who earned income from both agricultural activity and other sources. Table 5 Number of holders by household income ( ) Item Total number of holders 5,643,529 5,88,128 5,95,714 (Excluding corporation) (1%) (1%) (1%) By source of household income Agriculture only 2,595,796 1,225,826 2,84,334 (46.) (21.1) (47.5) Agriculture and other sources 3,47,733 4,582,32 3,11,38 (54.) (78.9) (52.5) Mainly from agriculture 1,637,387 2,383,674 1,79,972 (29.) (41.1) (28.9) Mainly from being 151, , ,84 agricultural worker (2.7) (4.2) (3.9) Mainly from other sources 3/ 1,259,191 1,954,484 1,162,568 (22.3) (33.6) (19.7) 3/ Number of holdings reported the income's sources from other sources, year 1993 and 3 included equally information from agriculture and other sources. Considering by regions, the census resulted that Central and Northern region had the highest proportion of the holder s household with income 1,1 baht and over (42.9% and 36.1% respectively), followed by Southern and Northeastern region (27.7% and.% respectively). It was found that Southern region had the highest proportion (3.8%) of the holder s household which not having income from their agriculture product, while the proportion of these type of the holder s household was less than 3. percent. Figure 1 Number of holders by income from agricultural product ( ) Year 1,1 baht and over 5,1-1, baht,1-5, baht 1,1 -, baht Under 1, baht Not having agricultural product It was discovered that the proportion of the holders who earned income from agricultural products for 1,1 baht and over was 28.1 percent. This was followed by 5,1 1, baht and,1 5, baht (27.9% and 23.6% respectively). It is noticed that for 1,1 baht and over had increased 18.4 percent from Whole Kingdom Central Northern North Southern eastern

8 1. Dept of household According to debt of household, there were 47.2 percent of the holders being in debt for agriculture. Most of debts (71.4%) borrowed from Bank for agriculture and agriculture cooperative followed by village and city fund and cooperative/ farmer s group (44.4% and 13.1% respectively). Figure 11 Dept of household (13) 52.8 % Not being in debt debt Holdings 5.9 million case 47.2 % being in debt Number of holders with report of debt for agriculture 71.4 % 2.4 % 13.1 % 44.4%.9 % 3.7 4/ In 13, number of holders with report of debt for agriculture by source of loan is 2,215,76 cases. One holder may report more than one source of loan. 4/ Bank for agriculture and agricultural cooperatives Other banks/ financial institute Cooperative/ farmer's group Village and city fund Other givernment agencies Unorganized market 11. Employment on agricultural workers There were 51.5 percent of the agricultural holders employed the agricultural workers. Most of them were employment on an occasional workers (48.4%). The employment of agricultural workers with permanent workers and both permanent and occasional workers were only 1.6 percent and 1.5 percent respectively. The permanent workers in 13 were totally 1,161,182 persons. Of this number were the foreigner workers 144,279 persons (12.4%). Table 6 Employment on agricultural ( ) Item Total number of holdings 5,646,311 5,814,214 5,911,3 (1%) (1%) (1%) Not employ agricultural workers 3,67,865 2,448,89 2,866,55 (54.3) (42.1) (48.5) Employ agricultural workers 2,578,446 3,365,45 3,45,53 (45.7) (57.9) (51.5) Permanent workers 56,377 85,98 93,832 (1.) (1.5) (1.6) Occasional workers 2,442,865 3,192,442 2,861,489 (43.3) (54.9) (48.4) Permanent and 79,4 86,983 89,732 occasional workers (1.4) (1.5) (1.5) Number of permanent workers 1,12, ,427 1,161,182 (1%) (1%) (1%) By sex Male 45,91 367,82 644,88 (36.8) (55.2) (55.5) Female 696, , ,374 (63.2) (44.8) (44.5) By source of workers Thai * 599,377 1,16,93 (9.1) (87.6) Foreigner * 66,5 144,279 (9.9) (12.4) Note * In 1993,did not collect about source of workers.