REFORMA Resilient, water- and energy-efficient forage and feed crops for Mediterranean agricultural systems

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1 REFORMA Resilient, water- and energy-efficient forage and feed crops for Mediterranean agricultural systems ( ) Overall budget: (excluding associate partners) Coordinator Paolo ANNICCHIARICO Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Centre for Fodder Crops and Dairy Productions, Lodi, ITALY ARIMNet & ARIMNet2 meeting March 2016, Lisbon, Portugal 1

2 CONSORTIUM Partner 1 (Coordinator): CREA-FLC, Lodi, Italy [lucerne/pea germplasm provision, phenotyping, genotyping, plant adaptation, evolutionary breeding] Partner 2: INRA-URP3F, Lusignan, France [lucerne phenotyping, genotyping, physiology] Partner 3: INRA-UR Agroecologie, Dijon, France [pea genotyping] Partner 4: INRA-CR Marrakech & Rabat, Morocco [pea/lucerne phenotyping, crop optim.] Partner 5: INRAA, Alger, Algeria [crop optimization] Partner 6: ENSA, Alger, Algeria [pea/lucerne phenotyping] Partner 7: CNR-ISPAAM, Sassari, Italy [crop optimization] Partner 8: IRA Medenine, Tunisia [lucerne phenotyping] (Associated) Partner 9: Noble Foundation, Armore (OK), USA [lucerne/pea genotyping] Main added value from cooperation: Sharing the cost and effort of extensive phenotyping and the technical challenges required for developing genome-enabled selection tools 2

3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES Objective 1 Enhancing lucerne yield and persistence under severe drought, salinity, grazing or heat stress, and pea grain and forage yield under severe drought, by selecting new varieties and defining new genome-enabled or ecologically-based selection strategies Objective 2 Optimizing pea- and lucerne-based mixture and pure stand crops based on forage yield, resilience, forage quality and farmers acceptability Pea (Pisum sativum) Lucerne [Alfalfa] (Medicago sativa) Legumes Energy efficiency (N fixation) + Feed protein self-sufficiency Drought tolerance Water efficiency (rainfed or less-irrigated crops) Stress tolerance Crop resilience 3

4 SCIENTIFIC APPROACH 4

5 Phenotyping an elite lucerne reference population (150 half-sib families, genotyping parents) REFORMA Other institutions (own funds) Drought Favorable Forage quality Cold winter Diseases Drought Drought Drought Salinity 5

6 Phenotyping other lucerne populations Heat Grazing Pure vs mixed stand 6

7 Phenotyping of three elite pea populations (315 advanced lines from 3 crosses) and evolutionary vs conventional (SSD) breeding scheme Drought Drought Drought 7

8 Optimization of pea- and lucerne-based crops (25 annual or perennial crops, in rotation with durum wheat) 8

9 STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVEMENT Farmers participatory crop evaluation and visits to trials Workshops with scientists and extension officers: Rabat and Médénine Project seminars: Alger, Rabat, Lodi, Lisbon Visits by seed companies: Lodi Student training; 4 stages; 1 PhD thesis 9

10 ACHIEVEMENTS / INNOVATION WP 1: Advantage of pea evolutionary breeding for severe drought Mean value of lines from each scheme (average of 3 crosses) Grain yield Breeding scheme No. lines (t/ha) Evolutionary Single-seed descent Control varieties Annicchiarico et al. (unpublished) Stratified mass selection of pea segregating lines under controlled severe drought for 3 generations (increasing drought & selection intensity over generations) 10

11 WP 1: Modest lucerne genetic variation for heat tolerance Growth response to temperature of Mediterranean (red) and temperate (blue) material *** ns Zaka et al. (2016) AoB Plants (in press) 11

12 WP 2: Feasible GBS-based genomic selection for lucerne yield Accuracy of genomic selection for breeding value (7 models; 6 genotype missing data thresholds; SNP markers) QTLs from GWAS of 6453 M. truncatula-aligned SNP markers Annicchiarico et al. (2015) BMC Genomics 16:

13 WP 2: Feasible GBS-based genomic selection for pea grain yield Accuracy of genomic selection for grain yield under severe terminal drought (example for one cross including 105 lines) Grain yield Grain yield after partialling out phenology Kaspa x Attika Annicchiarico et al. (unpublished) 13

14 WP 3: High value of pea-based forage crops Mean dry matter yield over 3 sites and farmers value over 2 sites of 16 annual crops Cereal+legume Legume Weed Farmers' value Crop Type yield (t/ha) % % (1-5; 5=highest) Pea, semi-dwarf (Ps) Pure stand Pea, tall (Pt) Pure stand Common vetch (V) Pure stand Narbon vetch (N) Pure stand Oat (O) Pure stand Triticale (T) Pure stand P1-O Binary mix P1-T Binary mix P2-O Binary mix P2-T Binary mix N-O Binary mix N-T Binary mix V-O Binary mix V-T Binary mix P1-P2-O-T Complex mix N-V-O-T Complex mix Porqueddu et al. (unpublished) 14

15 KEY PUBLICATIONS & PRODUCTS Annicchiarico P, Julier B (eds), Alfalfa: back to the future. Legume Perspect 4, 40 pp. Abbas K et al, Performances of some fodder cultivars cultivated in pure stand or in association under semi-arid conditions of Algeria. Options Méditerr 109: Melis RAM et al, Yielding ability of different annual cereal-legume mixtures. Options Méditerr 109: Annicchiarico P et al, Accuracy of genomic selection for alfalfa biomass yield in different reference populations. BMC Genomics 16: 1020 Annicchiarico P et al, Achievements and challenges in improving temperate perennial forage legumes. Crit Rev Plant Sci 34: Zaka S et al, The thermal acclimation of photosynthesis only presents limited intraspecific variations in a perennial crop selected over a broad climatic range. AoB Plants (in press) Thami-Alami I et al, Optimizing species and variety choice of annual legume-based forage crops in a dry Mediterranean region. In: Breeding in a World of Scarcity (in press) Five planned lucerne varieties (drought-tolerant in Morocco, Algeria, Italy; salinity-tolerant in Tunisia; grazing-tolerant in Italy) Three planned drought-tolerant pea varieties (Morocco, Algeria, Italy) 15

16 RESULTS VALORISATION & DISSEMINATION Project web site: Electronic booklet Guidelines for cultivation and use of lucerne- and pea-based crops (for extension services and farmers; in 3 languages) 12 articles published or in press (3 for major scientific journals) At least 8 additional articles for major scientific journals Workshops; project seminars; field days; visits by seed companies Talks in major conferences (EUCARPIA, FAO-CIHEAM, International Legume Society, Plant & Animal Genome) 16

17 DIFFICULTIES FACED & WAYS TO OVERCOME THEM Delayed funding for some partners delayed and hindered work 17

18 NEXT STEPS As planned Completing project activities by 2016 (phenotyping, and associated genomic studies; legume-based crop optimization, comparing annuals vs perennials) Defining and sharing genomic selection models (with planned applications by some partner) Selecting lucerne and pea varieties (also based on 2016 data) Testing new lucerne and pea varieties in national registration trials In a possible new collaborative project Applying new selection strategies in regional programs (comparing genomic vs phenotypic selection; enforcing partners genomic selection skills) Testing best pea- and lucerne-based crops in regional on-farm trials using more-adapted lucerne and pea varieties selected in REFORMA Assessing the environmental impact of lucerne- and pea-based crops Strengthening pea and lucerne seed production in Mediterranean areas 18

19 Thank you for your attention! 19