EURECA. Towards (self)sustainability of EUropean REgional CAttle breeds. EU GENRES 012 (870/04) March 1 st 2007 March 1 st 2010

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1 EURECA Towards (self)sustainability of EUropean REgional CAttle breeds EU GENRES 012 (870/04) March 1 st 2007 March 1 st 2010 S.J. Hiemstra Project co-ordinator Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands 1 st GLOBALDIV WORKSHOP Bydgoszcz, March 2009 Overview of EURECA project Objectives and work plan Progress and further plans 1

2 Background Replacement of local/regional, often dual purpose cattle breeds by specialized, international breeds How to maintain local/regional breeds, the associated agro-ecosystems and our cultural heritage? Successfull strategies and policies for conservation, development and use of such cattle breeds? > EURECA objectives To better understand the factors affecting the dynamics of local/regional cattle breeds and assess the status of local cattle breeds in Europe To assess status and organisation of existing cattle cryopreservation programmes To review available methodologies and software, which are useful supportive tools for genetic management Interdisciplinary, integrative approach Guidelines, good practices, policy information 2

3 EURECA EUREC A Diversity in landscapes and production systems Diversit y in cattle breeds CGN Netherlands IE France UNIMI Italy MTT Finland FUSAGx Belgium EAU Estonia NRIAP Poland ICBF Ireland INIA Spain UMB Norway Partners 3

4 15 Breed case analysis (WP1) General picture of breed; Detailed analysis of 5 cryo-conservation programs (WP 2) - Incl. SWOT analysis Evolution of breed demography, farm profiles, productivity, country context; Past and current breed development and conservation activities Farmers attitude and values; European wide survey of breed status and sustainability (WP3) Stakeholders attitude and values; SWOT analysis Draft of the indicators/parameters/important factors for breed self-sustainability Draft of Guidelines to support the management of conservation and development programs of regional cattle breeds in Europe Breed strategy demonstration cases (WP 5) Review of tools for genetic management and conservation (WP4) Guidelines and policy advice to support the management and strategies for local/regional cattle breeds in Europe towards breed (self)sustainability Individual breed assessments:15 cases (WP1 WP-leader G. Gandini) General picture of breed Evolution of breed demography, farm profiles, productivity, country context Past and current breed development and conservation activities Farmers attitude and values Stakeholders attitude and values SWOT analysis 4

5 French Breeds WP1 (Avon & Duclos) Ferrandaise Villard de Lans First description Herd-Book creation 1905, new: Nb. Breeding females (2006) ~ 729 ~ 340 Trend Increasing Stable Spain breed cases WP1 (Diaz & Martin) Avileña-Negra Ibérica Alistana-Sanabresa Estimated census (2007): > suckler cows Traditional use: draft, meat and milk Main current function: Meat Avileña-Negra Ibérica breed Alistana-Sanabresa breed Estimated census (2007): suckler cows Traditional use: draft, meat and milk. Main current function: Meat 5

6 Netherlands WP1 Breed status and level of milk production (data NRS) Breed Cows in milk registration Milk production per lactation (kg) Dutch Friesian MRIJ Groningen White Headed Holstein Friesian / HF black and white Red Holstein Groningen White Headed Netherlands WP1 (veijndhoven) Aantal dieren Jaar 0 1G 2G 4G 7 en 8G 6

7 MRY genetic diversity Netherlands WP1 (veijndhoven) 4.5% 4.0% Average coancestry 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% Year of birth MRY FH Netherlands MRIJ WP1 Farmer perception (Hoving, veijndhoven & Wilhelmus) Characteristics of MRIJ Healthy cow, good fertility, good claws, dual purpose breed Economic profitable Udders are better than 20 years ago Problem is availability of bulls (risk for inbreeding). What is needed to support continuation of MRIJ farming? Increase productivity Other roles/functions are not important Farmers that stopped Milk production of MRIJ is too low; too few good sires 7

8 c o w s FINLAND WP1 BREED CASES (Maki Tanila & Soini) year Ayrshire Holstein Finncattle other FINLAND WP1 BREED CASES (Maki Tanila & Soini) Selection of STRENGTHS, OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS STRENGTHS in situ gene bank herds in Pelso and Sukeva prison farms started in mid-1980 s media publicity and general sympathy OPPORTUNITIES Eastern Finncattle has a regional identity value THREATS Western Finncattle not considered as a threatened breed 8

9 Dual Purpose Belgian Blue Beef Belgium WP1 (Bay & Gengler) Geographical distribution 60ies Widespread Currently Repartition of controlled Dp-BBB cows in Belgium in 2002 (Source: Bernard, 2004) Belgium WP1 Dual purpose Belgian Blue Cross border breed strategy? (Bay & Gengler) Probable action after 2008 to support the breed: INTEREG project with North Blue association (France): enlarge genetic evaluation of dual purpose blue cattle 9

10 Assessment of national cryoconservation (WP2 - WP Leader D. Duclos) History, organisation of cryoconservation/ai Major policies and their objectives Inventory of collections at AI, cryoreserve, etc. Analysis by topic Sanitary situation Legal aspects Sampling strategies Responsibilities/actors Funding Other SWOT analysis for the country Number of doses according to birth dates of the bulls (Avon & Duclos) Breed Maraîchine Mirandaise Nantaise Saosnoise Villard de Lans Bazadaise Bleue du Nord Vosgienne Birth date of the bull Total number of Number of bulls with bulls <200 doses 200<doses<1000 >1000 doses < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < >

11 Genetic reserve in the form of embryos in Poland (Z. Choroszy) In 1988, 166 embryos of Polish Red cattle were first delivered to the National Research Institute of Animal Production By the end of 1996, 2000 embryos were collected By 2007, 43 embryos were given for the needs of conservation herds SWOT CRYO ITALY (Pizzi and Gandini) Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats S.1 Collections of semen and embryos for most local breeds S.2 Many commercial AI centers technically involved in cryoconservation of local breeds S.3 Many Breeders Associations involved W.1 Limited public financial support W.2 Absence of a national coordination / program W.3 Absence of a national/regional databases W.4 Absence of national and/or regional cryobanks (as above reported we currently have collections rather than organised cryobanks) W.5 Lack of coordination among collections W.6 Incomplete storage for most of local breeds in current collections W.7 Discontinuity in the cryoconservation activities W.8 Poor involvement of stakeholders O.a National and local policies for AnGR conservation O.b Strong breeder associations system O.c Regulatory framework for local breed collection on farm (derogation for local breeds) O.d Presence of routine AI in some local breeds with, in some cases, public incentives for AI use O.e Awareness for local breeds conservation T.a Poor national strategy in AGR conservation and management T.b. Negative trend in public funds for agriculture and AGR management, research T.c. Lack of A.I centers in some areas with presence of local breeds 11

12 SWOT CRYO ITALY (Pizzi & Gandini) SWOT matrix Strategic alternatives to implement a national cryoconservation program: Italy. Strengths Internal Weaknesses External Opportunities Threats SO Develop a national strategy to optimize the allocation of funds (S.1; O.a) Promote the communication among AI and BA involved in cryoconservation (S.2,.3; O.b) Inform farmers about cryo programs and incentives for cryoconservation in the area (S.3;O.b,.c,.d) ST Implement a service, managed by AI centres, for semen collection on farm on national territory (S.2;T.c) Optimize the allocation of public funds discussing the strategy with BA (S.3;T.b) Implement with BA and AI a system that guarantee the maintenance of genetic material (S.2.,3;T.c) WO Develop with breeders organisation, national and regional authorities a network of the cryobanks (W.2,.3,.4,.5; O.a,.b) Promote exhaustive cryo collection for each breed (W.6;O.e) Optimise the use of regional funds to guarantee the continuity of cryoconservation programs (W.7; O.d) Involve the stakeholders in the cryoconservation program (W.8;O.a,.b,.e) WT Promote a national plan for AnGR conservation to avoid the dispersion of national funds (W.1,.2,.3,.4,.5,.6;T.a,.b) Implement a control system that guarantee the quality of the material stored even in case of discontinuity of fundings (W.7; T.a,.b) Promote the research on alternative cryoconservation procedures (e.g. epididymal sperm) (W.1,.6;T.b) Status of breed case- and cryo case studies and what s next? Breed assessment reports by breed, incl. summary in two languages (WP1) History and status of the breed Breeding and conservation Farmers and stakeholder perceptions of the breed SWOT analysis of breed Strategic opportunities and need for action Cryo-case study reports by country, incl. summary in two languages (WP2) History and organisation of AI and cryoconservation Semen available at AI centres and cryoreserve(s) SWOT analysis of country Across country analysis of similarities and differences (WP1, WP2) Quantitative analysis of breed case variation between and within countries Quantitative SWOT analysis 12

13 WP3 - Europe wide survey Status, threats and prospects of local cattle breeds Questionnaire: Specific questions, in addition to EFABIS (based on WP1 and WP2 experiences) Quick and easy SWOT analysis by breed Compare answers to questionnaire with status/trends based on (historical) numbers Conclusions for monitoring of breed sustainability and suggestions for EU policy WP5 Breed strategy development 5 cases After breed-swot which strategic opportunities to be further developed Approach: Interaction with and between stakeholders Farmers networks Evaluation of process Additional to WP1: Quantitative SWOT analysis across countries 13

14 WP5 example - Netherlands Groningen Whiteheaded SWOT 2 main strategic opportunities Breed related product chain development Development of breed-driven breeding program We started bottom-up approach to develop breeding program Network of farmers/breeders Involvement of main breed interest groups EAAP-ERFP-EURECA Workshop Barcelona August 2009 Practical strategies and tools for the genetic management of farm animal populations Chairman: Miguel Toro Ibanez Programme draft, incl.: - Management strategies for inbreeding control in unselected and selected populations - Fernandez - Software for management of small populations Maki Tanila - Demonstration of the opportunities offered by software for inbreeding control Meuwissen - Estimating effective population size Villanueva - Breed categories for EFABIS - Gandini - Practical approaches to in field management of small population with pedigrees Windig - Practical approaches to in field management of small population without pedigrees Danchin-Burge 14

15 Thank you for your attention 15