Best Practice LCA: Land Use Change Emissions. Thursday 29 th January 2015

Transcription

1 Best Practice LCA: Land Use Change Emissions Thursday 29 th January 2015

2 Web conferencing software Expand & collapse your control menu Audio options Welcome to the webinar! You are on mute but please type in your questions here. We will answer them at the end of the webinar. Questions & comments

3 Your hosts Alex Liedke Consultant Content Team Jim Craig Product Marketing Product Sustainability

4 Best Practice LCA: Land Use Change Emissions

5 Agenda 1. Introduction Land Use Change 2. Standards & Methods 3. Direct Land Use Change in GaBi 4. Example in GaBi 5. Summary 6. Questions & Answers 5

6 Introduction Land Use Change 6

7 Challenges of the future (examples) ongoing urbanization of an increasing amount of people environmental problems increasing demand for food, feed and biofuels loss of biodiversity 7

8 Challenges of the future affect land use 8

9 Land Use Land Use Change BEFORE AFTER Source: WWF The total of arrangements, activities, and inputs undertaken in a certain land cover type (a set of human actions). Change in the use or management of land by humans, which may lead to a change in land cover. (IPCC) 9

10 LANCA Method Occupation and Transformation Occupation indicator values = (Q(t 4 )-Q(t 2 ))*area*time of occupation Transformation indicator values = (Q(t 4 )-Q(t 1 ))*area m2 * year m2 Seite 10

11 What is Land Use Change (LUC)? The difference between direct and indirect LUC CO 2 CO 2 dluc dluc iluc 11

12 What is Land Use Change (LUC)? Direct Land Use Change (dluc) ISO 14067: change in human use or management of land within the product system being assessed CO 2 CO 2 Indirect Land Use Change (iluc) ISO 14067: change in the use or management of land which is a consequence of direct land use change but which occurs outside the production system dluc dluc iluc 12

13 Standards & Methods 13

14 Indirect LUC (iluc) Not required according to LCA standards PEF ISO ILCD No widely accepted provisions exist for the calculation of emissions resulting from indirect land use change, (..). These shall not be assessed in the PEF study. iluc should be considered once an internationally agreed procedure exists Indirect land use changes are an aspect under consequential modelling PAS 2050:2011 GHG protocol While GHG emissions also arise from iluc, the methods and data requirements for calculating these emissions are not fully developed. Therefore, the assessment of emissions arising from indirect land use change is not included in this PAS. The inclusion of indirect land use change will be considered in future revisions of this PAS. (..) This displacement is a result of market factors and calculated using data consistent with a consequential approach. Therefore, the inclusion of indirect land-use change is not a requirement of this standard. 14

15 Direct LUC In a nut shell Comparison of carbon stocks Before land use change After land use change Difference is a release/ uptake of carbon emissons 15

16 Emissions from Land Use Change Major carbon pools (IPCC 2006) Aboveground Biomass Dead organic matter (wood and litter) Belowground Biomass Soil organic matter For the calculation of carbon stock 16

17 Land categories (IPCC) Forest land; Wetland Crop land; Settlements Grassland; Other land; 17

18 Direct land use change Important aspects Assumptions on carbon stocks Time frame of analysis Allocation of emissions to product Assessment of land area /land cover type where the land use is changed Data sources 18

19 Direct LUC Requirements Standard Method PEF handbook Greenhouse gas emissions that occur as a result of direct land use change shall be allocated to goods/services for 20 years after the land use change occurs using the IPCC default values table. Further specification: Calculations are based on ENVIFOOD protocol (BSI PAS 2050:2011 / PAS :2012) For the release and uptake of CO2 caused by direct land use change, the use of the most recent IPCC CO2 emission factors shall be used, unless more accurate, specific data are available. ISO WRI GHG Protocol in accordance with internationally recognized methods such as IPCC guidelines for National GHG inventories Calculation method provided, data sources suggested PAS 2050 Specific calculation method provided, data sources are defined (see below) EC ILCD handbook Calculation method provided, data sources suggested 19

20 Methodology PAS 2050 PAS 2050:2011 PAS :2012 Very simplified approach Simplified, feasible approach 20

21 PAS different scenarios Production country Unknown Known Known Previous use Unknown Unknown known 21

22 PAS different scenarios Production country Unknown Known Known Previous use Unknown Unknown known 20 years prior to assessment shall be considered Reduced amount of land categories 2 calculations shall be done Average weighted 22

23 PAS Calculations Average Forest Grasland Cropland * Cropland * * Perennial or annual 23

24 PAS Calculations Average Forest Grasland Cropland * Cropland * * Perennial or annual Weighted Specific share of different types of land use change are calculated (formulas given) Examples Situation 1 Situation 2 Situation 3 Cropland * 24

25 PAS Estimations Average Forest Grasland Cropland * Cropland * * Perennial or annual Weighted ENVIFOOD Protocol Specific share of different types of land use change are calculated (formulas given) Examples Situation 1 Situation 2 Situation 3 Cropland * 25

26 PAS Estimations Average Forest Grasland Cropland * Cropland * * Perennial or annual Weighted ENVIFOOD Protocol Specific share of different types of land use change are calculated (formulas given) Examples Situation 1 Situation 2 Situation 3 Cropland * 26

27 Direct Land Use Change in GaBi 27

28 Extension database XX: Food & Feed > 350 datasets Cradle-to-gate and gate-to-gate LCIs Available 2014 Ongoing data development Annual upgrades Different allocations Land Use Change emissions Production & consumption mixes 28

29 Extension database XX: Food & Feed Crops and animals Manufacturing Cereals, leguminous crops, oil seeds Growing of perennial crops Growing of annual crops Animal production Cocoa, chocolate and sugar Dairy products Grain mill products Processing and preserving of meat Starches and starch products Vegetable and animal oils and fats 29

30 Direct Land Use Change in GaBi In GaBi 2013 only for selected datasets AR Soybean BR Soybean Sugar cane etc. Products with high impact from LUC with LUC without LUC with LUC without LUC Methodology (e.g. WRI GHG protocol) and specific data sources (e.g. literature) are used (described in process documentation) 2 datasets naming with and without LUC 30

31 Direct Land Use Change in GaBi Introduction of a new flow Challenge Some users/approaches need / some do not want CO 2 effects due to land use change Solution CO2 effects due to land use change now introduced as separate flow Land use change can therefore be included or excluded by the user 31

32 Direct Land Use Change in GaBi Introduction of new quantities - example Solution for existing datasets with LUC renamed into: (incl. LUC as fossil CO2) no double counting of fossil LUC emissions 32

33 Example in GaBi 33

34 Example in GaBi Create balance of a plan / process 34

35 Example in GaBi Have a look at the balance tab in the balance 35

36 Example in GaBi Unfold the category emissions to air 36

37 Example in GaBi Select the quantities 37

38 Example in GaBi You made it 38

39 Summary 39

40 Direct Land Use Change in GaBi Source: WWF Direct Land Use Change (LUC) emissions in all agricultural datasets Consistent methodology (ENVIFOOD protocol based on PAS 2050:2012-1) Consistent data sources (FAOSTAT, IPCC, FAO, EC JRC) Additional flow Carbon dioxide (Land use change) Additional flow is included in all datasets Impact assessment possible with or without LUC emissions 40

41 Thank you Questions & Answers? z! GaBi user group on LinkedIn 41