For Agronomic Crops. Fertilizer Recommendations. In Minnesota. George Rehm and Michael Schmitt . AG-MI MN 2500 AGMI (U.

Transcription

1 '-\ ~~. ; --~':#)/'\/ :~~:. AG-MI-391. MN 25 AGMI (U.~9) MINNESOTA EXTENSION SERVICE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA AGRICULTURE. / Fertilizer Recommendations For Agronomic Crops In Minnesota by George Rehm and Michael Schmitt

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3 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction... 1 Alfalfa... 2, 3 Alsike clover, birdsfoot trefoil, red clover, grass-legume hay and grass-legume pastures... 4 Barley (feed, malting)... 5, 6, 7 Buckwheat, millet... 8, 9 Canola (rape), mustard... 1, 11 Corn... 12, 13, 14 Edible bean... 15, 16 Flax... 17, 18 Grass hay, grass pastures, native grasses and sorghum sudan Grass seed (bluegrass, timothy, reed canary and orchardgrass)... 2 Oats... 21, 22 Rye and triticale... 23, 24 Soybeans Sugarbeets Sunflowers... 27, 28 Wheat... 29, 3 Wild rice... 31

4 INTRODUCTION This publication provides a summary of the fertilizer recommendations for agronomic crops grown in Minnesota. The recommendations are in tables. By using these tables, it should be possible to use analytical results from other soil testing laboratories and generate University of Minnesota fertilizer recommendations. The recommendations are listed by crop (see Table of Contents). There are not recommendations for all nutrients for each crop. The absence of a recommendation for a specific nutrient implies that the crop in question does not respond to the application of that nutrient. Nutrient management information (timing, source, placement, etc.) is not provided in this publication. This information is provided in detail in extension folders that describe fertilizer practices for the major crops. When using the recommendations in this publication, there are some general statements that should be remembered. These are: - A good stand of alfalfa is 5 or more plants/ft2. This information is useful when making nitrogen recommendations that are based on previous crop and yield goal. - It may not be practical to broadcast relatively low rates of either phosphate or potash. An alternative practice would be to double the suggested rates and broadcast on alternate years. - If the soil test level for Pis very low (-5 ), use a combination of starter (drill applied for small grain) and broadcast applications. Subtract the rate for starter (drill) from the suggested broadcast rate. Use the starter (drill) rate and broadcast the remainder. - If the soil test level for K is very low (-4 for corn; -5 for small grain), use a combination of starter (drill applied for small grain) and broadcast applications. Subtract the rate for starter (drill) from the suggested broadcast rate. Use the starter (drill rate and broadcast the remainder. - Sulfur recommendations are made for sandy soils only. - Do not apply urea, thiosulfate, or boron in contact with the seed. 1

5 Table 1. Phosphate recommendations for alfalfa production. Soil Test p (J2J2m} Yield Goal ton/acre P25 to apply () or less more than Table 2. Potash recommendations for alfalfa production. Soil Test K () Yield Goal - 4 F-M c* F-M C F-M C F-M C 16 + F-M C ton/acre 3 or less more than K2 to apply () * F-M refers to fine to medium textured soils. These are: loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, and clay textures: Q refers to coarse textured soils. These are: sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam textures. 2

6 Table 3. Sulfur recommendations for alfalfa production. Soil Test For Sulfur Sulfur to Apply each year 25 each year (trial basis only) Table 4. Soil Test For Boron less than and higher Boron recommendations for alfalfa production. Boron to Apply

7 Table 5. Phosphate recommendations for alsike clover, birdsfoot trefoil, red clover, grass-legume hay and grass-legume pastures. Soil Test p Cl Yield Goal ton/acre P25 to apply () or less or more Table 6. Potash recommendations for alsike clover, birdsfoot trefoil, red clover, grass-legume hay and grass-legume pastures. Soil Test K Cl Yield Goal ton/acre K2 to apply () or less or more

8 Table 7. Nitrogen suggestions for barley grown for feed when the soil nitrate test is used. Yield Goal Soil nitrate - N (-2 ft.) + fertilizer N needed* bu./acre less than more than * For specific yield goals, the equation is: Table 8. NRec = (YG x 1.67) - STN NRec = suggested amount of N to use in YG = yield goal in bu./acre STN = residual N3-N in top 2 ft. of root zone measured as Nitrogen suggestions for malting barley when the soil nitrate test is used. Yield Goal bu./acre less than more than 19 Soil nitrate - N (-2 ft.) + fertilizer N needed* * For specific yield goals, the equation is: NRec = (YG x 1.5) - STN NRec = suggested amount of N to use in YG = yield goal in bu./acre STN = residual N3-N in top 2 ft. of root zone measured as s

9 Table 9. Suggested rates of fertilizer N for all barley production when the soil nitrate test is not used. Previous crop and organic matter level alfalfa field peas any crop in any crop in organic {good stan~ soybeans group l:!._ group 2:!._ soi 1 - O.M. - -.M. - - O.M. - -.M. - low to low to low to low to Yield Goal medium high medium high medium high medium high bu./acre N to apply () less than so 2S SS 3S so S 7 so S SS 6 4 los 8S 9-19 so S 7S more than 19 6S 4S 12S los 11 9 lss 13S 4S * CROPS IN GROUP 1 CROPS IN GROUP 2 alfalfa (poor stand) barley grass hay sorghum-sudan alsike clover buckwheat grass pasture sugarbeets birdsfoot trefoil canola millet sunflowers grass-legume hay corn mustard sweet corn grass-legume pasture edible oats triticale red clover beans potatoes wheat flax rye vegetables 1/ low to medium= less than 4.S%; high - more than 4.S% 6

10 Table 1. Suggested rates of phosphate fertilizer for barley production. Soil Test P () Yield L ll - ls Goal Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill bu./acre P2s to apply () less than so 3 3 ls so so so 2S 3 ls more than S so 2S 1 Table 11. Suggested rates of potash fertilizer for barley production. Soil Test K () Yield - so Sl lso lsl + Goal Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill bu./acre - K2 to apply () less than 6 3S so 'so S 'more than 14 3S

11 Table 12. Yield Goal Nitrogen recommendations for buckwheat and millet production when the soil nitrate test is used. Soil nitrate-n (-2 ft.) + fertilizer N less than or more Table 13. Nitrogen recommendations for buckwheat and millet production when the soil nitrate is not used. Previous crop and organic matter level alfalfa field peas, any crop in any crop in organic {good stan~ so:y:beans group l!_ group 2* -- soil - O.M. - - O.M. - - O.M. - - O.M. - low to low to low to low to Yield Goal medium high medium high medium high medium high N to apply () less than so 3, or more * CROPS IN GROUP 1 CROPS IN GROUP 2 alfalfa (poor stand) barley grass hay sorghum-sudan alsike clover buckwheat grass pasture sugarbeets birdsfoot trefoil canola millet sunflowers grass-legume hay corn mustard sweet corn grass-legume pasture edible oats triticale red clover beans potatoes wheat flax rye vegetables 1/ low to medium - less than 4.5%; high - more than 4.5% 8

12 Table 14. Phosphate recommendations for buckwheat and millet production. Soil Test p P25 to Apply Table 15. Potash recommendations for buckwheat and millet production. Soil Test K K2 to Apply

13 Table 16. Nitrogen recommendations for canola (rape) and mustard production when the soil nitrate test is used. Yield Goal less than 1, or more Soil nitrate-n (-2 ft.) + fertilizer N Table 17. Nitrogen recommendations for canola (rape) and mustard production when the soil nitrate test is not used. alfalfa!good standj - O.M. _l low to Yield Goal medium high Previous crop and ors;anic matter level field peas, soibeans any crop in group l:!_ - O.M. - - O.M. - low to low to medium high medium high any crop in group 2:!_ low to medium - O.M. - high organic soil less than or more N to apply () so so * CROPS IN GROUP 1 alfalfa (poor stand) barley CROPS IN GROUP grass hay 2 sorghum-sudan alsike clover buckwheat grass pasture sugarbeets birdsfoot trefoil grass-legume hay canola corn millet mustard sunflowers sweet corn grass-legume pasture red clover edible beans flax 1/ low to medium - less than 4.S%; high - more than 4.S% oats potatoes rye triticale wheat vegetables 1

14 Table 18. Phosphate recommendations for canola (rape) and mustard production. Soil Test p P25 to Apply Table 19. Potash recommendations for canola (rape) and mustard production. Soil Test K K2 to Apply

15 Table 2. Nitrogen recommendations for corn when the soil nitrate test is not used. Previous crop and organic matter level alfalfal/ soybeans, any crop in any crop in (good stand) field peas group l~-- group 22!. - -.M. - _l/.m. - - O.M. - - O.M. - - low to1/ low to low to low to Yield Goal medium high medium high medium high medium high Grain Silage 1/ For second-year corn after a good stand of alfalfa on fine and medium textured soil, apply the N rate suggested for a previous crop of clover. 11 The well drained silt loam soils in Southeastern Minnesota receive the N recommendations for soils with a high organic matter content. All irrigated soils are included in the low to medium organic matter category. JI Low to medium - less than 4.5%; high - more than 4.5%. 12

16 Table 21. Phosphate recommendations for corn production. Yield Goal Grain Silage Soil Test P () Bdcst or Row Bdcst or Row Bdcst or Row Bdcst or Row Bdcst or Row bu./acre ton/acre - P25 to apply () 75 or 1 or less less S more than more than / No phosphate fertilizer is suggested for corn planted with conventional tillage systems if the soil test for P is 25 or higher. ;. Table 22. Potash recommendations for corn production. Soil Test K () Yield Goal Grain Silage Bdcst or Row Bdcst or Row Bdcst or Row Bdcst or Row Bdcst or Row bu./acre 75 or ton/acre 1 or 8 less less more than more than K2 to apply () No potash fertilizer is suggested for corn planted with conv~ntional tillage systems if the soil test for K is 18 or higher. 13

17 Table 23. Zinc Soil Test Suggestions for zinc use for corn. Relative Level Zinc to Apply Starter or Broadcast low marginal adequate Table 24. Sulfur suggestions for corn production on sandy soils. Soil Test Value for s or more Sulfur to Apply starter or Broadcast Table 25. Suggestions for magnesium use for corn production on sandy soils. Magnesium Soil Test Relative Level Magnesium to Apply Starter or Broadcast low medium adequate trialll l/ Apply 1-2 lb. Mg/acre in a starter only if a Mg deficiency is suspected or if a Mg deficiency has been confirmed by plant analysis. 14

18 Table 26. Yield Goal Nitrogen recommendations for edible bean production when the soil nitrate test is used. Soil nitrate-n (-2 ft.) + fertilizer N less than or more Table 27. Nitrogen recommendations for edible bean production when the soil nitrate test is not used. alfalfa (good stan~ - O.M. - low to Yield Goal medium high Previous crop and organic matter level field peas, so;: beans - O.M. low to medium any crop in group l~_ - - O.M. - low to high medium high any crop in group 2!_ - O.M. - low to medium high organic soil less than or more N to apply () * CROPS IN GROUP 1 alfalfa (poor stand) barley CROPS IN GROUP grass hay 2 sorghum-sudan alsike clover buckwheat grass pasture sugarbeets birdsfoot trefoil grass-legume hay canola corn millet mustard sunflowers sweet corn \. grass-legume pasture red clover edible beans flax 1/ low to medium= less than 4.5%; high - more than 4.5% oats potatoes rye triticale wheat vegetables 15

19 Table 28. Phosphate recommendations for edible bean production. Soil Test P C) Yield Goal P25 to apply () less than or more Table 29. Potash recommendations for edible bean production. Soil Test K C) Yield Goal K2 to apply () less than or more Table 3. zinc recommendations for edible bean production. Zinc Soil Test Zinc to Apply Starter or Broadcast o 16

20 Table 31 Nitrogen recommendations for flax production when the soil nitrate test is used. Yield Goal Soil nitrate-n (-2 ft.) + fertilizer N bu./acre less than or more 12,. Table 32. Nitrogen recommendations for flax production where the soil nitrate test is not used. Previous crop and organic matter level alfalfa field peas, any crop in any crop in organic (good stanf7 so~beans group l~_ group 2~_ soil -.M. - - O.M. - -.M. - - O.M. - low to low to low to low to Yield Goal medium high medium high medium high medium high bu./acre N to apply () less than so 3 2S so S S or more * CROPS IN GROUP 1 CROPS IN GROUP 2 alfalfa (poor stand) barley grass hay sorghum-sudan alsike clover buckwheat grass pasture sugarbeets birdsfoot trefoil canola millet sunflowers grass-legume hay corn mustard sweet corn grass-legume pasture edible oats triticale red clover beans potatoes wheat flax rye vegetables \. 1/ low to medium - less than 4. S%; high - more than 4. S% 17

21 Table 33. Phosphate recommendations for flax production. Soil Test p P25 to apply Table 34. Potash recommendations for flax production. Soil Test K K2 to apply

22 Table 35. Management Situation Nitrogen recommendations for grass hay, grass pastures, native grasses, and sorghum sudan. N to Apply rotational grazing as hay with adequate rainfall continuous grazing with adequate rainfall grazing or hay with limited soil moisture on fine textured soils grazing or hay on sandy soils or soils with steep slopes grazing or hay on organic soils 15* 1* 5 3 5,. * This recommended rate of N should be split and applied in two applications (early April, late August} for best utilization by the plant and more uniform growth throughout the season. Table 36. Phosphate recommendations for grass hay, grass pastures, native grasses and sorghum sudan. soil Test p Table 37. Potash recommendations for grass hay, grasa pastures, native grasses, and sorghum sudan. Soil Test K

23 Table 38. Nitrogen recommendations for grass seed production (bluegrass, timothy, reed canary, orchardgrass). N to Apply Status of Field new seeding established stands Mineral Soils 3 1 Organic Soils Table 39. Phosphate recommendations for grass seed production (bluegrass, timothy, reed canary, orchardgrass). Soil Test p P25 to Apply Table 4. Potash recommendations for grass seed production (bluegrass, timothy, reed canary, orchardgra.ss). Soil Test K K2 to Apply

24 Table 41. Fertilizer nitrogen suggestions for oats production when the soil nitrate test is used Yield Goal Soil nitrate - N (-2 ft.) + fertilizer N needed bu./acre less than or more N Rec NRec YG STN = (YG x 1.35) - STN = suggested amount of N to use in = yield goal in bu./acre = residual N3-N expressed as in top.2 ft. of root zone Table 42. Suggested rates of fertilizer N for oats production when the soil nitrate test is not used. Previous crop and organic matter level alfalfa field peas, any crop in any crop in organic (good stan~ soybeans group l~_ group 2~_ soil - O.M'. - -.M. - - O.M. - -.M. - low to low to low to low to Yield Goal medium high medium high medium high medium high bu./acre N to apply () less than or more * CROPS IN GROUP 1 CROPS IN GROUP 2 alfalfa (poor stand) barley grass hay sorghum-sudan alsike clover buckwheat grass pasture sugarbeets birdsfoot trefoil canola millet sunflowers grass-legume hay corn mustard sweet corn grass-legume pasture edible oats triticale red clover beans potatoes wheat flax rye vegetables 1/ low to medium - less than 4.5%; high - more than 4.5% 21

25 Table 43. Suggested rates of phosphate fertilizer for oats production. Phosphorus (P) Soil Test P () Yield ~ 6-1 ll Goal Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill bu./acre P25 to apply () less than ll or more Table 44. Suggested rates of potash fertilizer for oats production. Potassium (K) Soil Test () Yield Goal Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill bu./acre - K2 to apply () less than ll or more

26 Table 45. Nitrogen recommendations for rye and triticale for situations where the soil nitrate test is used Yield Goal bu./acre Soil nitrate-n (-2 feet) + fertilizer N needed less than or more (YG x 2.5) - STN suggested amount of fertilizer N to use in yield goal in bu./acre residual N3-N expressed as in top 2 feet of the root zone Table 46. Nitrogen recommendations for rye and triticale when the soil nitrate test is not used. Previous crop and organic matter level alfalfa (good stand~ - O.M. _J low to Yield Goal medium high field peas, so)'.beans any crop in group l!_ - O.M. - - O.M. - low to low to medium high meditun high any crop in group 2~_ - O.M. - low to medium high organic soil bu./acre N to apply () less than , or more * CROPS IN GROUP 1 alfalfa (poor stand) barley CROPS IN GROUP grass hay 2 sorghum-sudan alsike clover buckwheat grass pasture sugarbeets birdsfoot trefoil grass-legume hay grass-legume pasture red clover canola corn edible beans flax millet mustard oats potatoes rye sunflowers sweet corn tri-ticale wheat vegetables 1/ low to medium - less than 4.5%; high - more than 4.5% 23

27 Table 47. Phosphate recommendations for rye and triticale. Soil Test P () Yield 9-: ls 16-2 Goal Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill bu./acre - - P2os to apply () less than so 2S 3 ls so - S so 2S 3 ls or more so 2S 1 Table 48. Potash recommendations for rye and triticale. Soil Test K () Yield - so Sl lso lsl + Goal Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill bu./acre - K2 to apply () less than 4 so ls 2 1 so - S9 8 3S S so 2S 3 ls S or more 14 3S 8 3S

28 Table 49. Phosphate recommendations for soybeans Yield Goal bu./acre P25 to apply () less than or more Table 5. Potash recommendations for soybeans. Soil Test K (1212m) Yield Goal bu./acre K2 to apply () less than or more

29 Table 51. Nitrogen recommendations for sugarbeets. Yield Goal ton/acre Soil N plus fertilizer N needed* lb/acre to 2 feet *Subtract the amount of N3-N in top 2 feet of soil from these figures to determine the amount of fertilizer N to apply. Equation: NRec = (6) (YG) - Nst Nst = N3-N to 2 feet in YG - yield goal in ton/acre Table 52. Yield Goal ton/acre Phosphate recommendations for sugarbeets. Phosphorus (P) Soil Test C) P25 to apply () Table 53. Potash recommendations for sugarbeets. Yield Goal Potassium (K) Soil Test () ton/acre K2 to apply ()

30 Table 54. Yield Goal Nitrogen recommendations for sunflowers when the soil nitrate test is used. Soil nitrate (-2 ft.) + fertilizer N or less or more 14 Table 55. Nitrogen recommendations for sunflowers when the soil nitrate test is not used. Previous crop and organic matter level alfalfa field peas, any crop in any crop in organic (good stan:j9 so~beans group l~_ group 2~_ soil - O.M. - - O.M. - - O.M. - - O.M. - low to low to low to low to Yield Goal medium high medium high medium high medium high N to apply () less than or more * CROPS IN GROUP 1 CROPS IN GROUP 2 alfalfa (poor stand) barley gr.ass hay sorghwn-sudan alsike clover buckwheat grass pasture sugarbeets birdsfoot trefoil canola millet sunflowers grass-legume hay corn mustard sweet corn grass-legume pasture edible oats triticale red clover beans potatoes wheat flax rye vegetables 1/ low to medium - less than 4.5%; high - more than 4.5% 27

31 Table 56. Phosphate recommendations for sunflowers. Soil Test p (i;mm) Yield Goal P25 to apply () or less or more Table 57. Potash recommendations for sunflowers. Soil Test K () Yield Goal K2 to apply () or less or more

32 Table 58. Nitrogen recommendations for wheat for situations where the soil nitrate test is used. soil nitrate-n (-2 feet) Yield Goal + fertilizer N needed bu./acre less than or more 2 Table S9. = (YG x 2.5) - STN = suggested amount of fertilizer N to use in = yield goal in bu./acre = residual N3-N expressed as in top 2 feet of the root zone Nitrogen recommendations for wheat when the soil nitrate test is not used. Previous crop and organic matter level alfalfa (good stan17 -.M. - low to Yield Goal medium high field peas, soibeans any crop in group l!_ - O.M. - -.M. - low to low to medium high medium high any crop in group 2!_ - O.M. - low to medium high organic soil bu./acre less than so - S or more 7 1 3S 5 N to apply () 3S S 6S SS 3S S S S S 17 lso 3 3S so * CROPS IN GROUP 1 alfalfa (poor stand) alsike clover birdsfoot trefoil grass-legume hay grass-legume pasture red clover CROPS IN GROUP 2 barley grass hay buckwheat grass pasture canola millet corn mustard edible oats beans potatoes flax rye l/ low to medium ~ less than 4.5%; high - more than 4.5% 29 sorghum-sudan sugarbeets sunflowers sweet corn triticale wheat vegetables

33 Table 6. Phosphate recommendations for wheat. Soil Test P () Yield Q :: ll - ls 16-2 Goal Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill bu./acre P2s to apply () less than so 2S 3 ls so - S so 2S 3 ls or more so 2S 1 Table 61. Potash recommendations for wheat. Soil Test K () Yield - so Sl lso lsl + Goal Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill Bdcst or Drill bu./acre K2 to apply () less than 4 so ls 2 1 so - S9 8 3S S so 2S 3 ls or more

34 Table 62. Nitrog ecommendations for wild rice. Status of Paddy Annual N to Apply* Mineral Soils Incorporated Not Incorporated Organic Soils Incorporated Not Incorporated st year only 2nd year and older so 3 6 *The ammonium form of nitrogen is superior to the nitrate form as a source of N. Excessive N can result in increased lodging and incidence of disease. Preplant N should be incorporated to 3 to 4 inches during seedbed preparation. Nitrogen topdressing should be made at jointing when the internodes of the plant start to elongate. Table 63. Phosphate recommendations for wild rice. Soil Test p P25 to apply Table 64. Potash recommendations for wild rice. Soil Test K K2 to apply

35 ~ U~!INlf ll~~lj1uilll1lr11ii DOO The information given in this publication is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products is made with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Minnesota Extension Service is implied. Issued in furtherance af cooperative extension work in agriculture and home economics acts of May 8 and June 3, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Patrick J. Borich, Dean and Director of Minnesota Extension Service, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota The University of Minnesota, including the Minnesota Extension Service, is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to its programs, facilities, and employment, without regard to race, religion, color, sex, national origin, handicap, age, veteran status or sexual orientation.