History of Beekeeping. Norfolk County Beekeepers Associa7on 2011

Transcription

1 History of Beekeeping Norfolk County Beekeepers Associa7on 2011

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3 Beekeeping Evolu7on Opportunis7c Honey Hun7ng Tending of Wild Hives Reloca7ng Wild Hives Purpose Built Hives Hollow Logs PoEery Vessels Skeps Wooden Hives Modern Managed Hives

4 Species Dorsada Asian, Large, Single Comb, Outside Dwelling Floria Asian, Small, Single Comb, Outside Dwelling Cerina Asian, Small, Parallel Comb, Cavity Dwelling Mellifera Africa/Europe/Mid- East, Parallel Comb, Cavity Dwelling Many Races!

5 Only one creature has more wrieen about it than Bees: Man

6 So, Who were the first to exploit bees for their Honey and Wax?

7 For Million Years Flowering plants have existed and produced nectar and pollen For Million Years Solitary bees had existed, also early primates For 20 to 10 Million Years Social bees have produced and stored honey For a few Million Years Man has existed and has eaten honey For a few Thousand Years Records exist of man s exploita7on of honey

8 15 20,000 YEARS AGO

9 Spain 6000BC

10 Spain, 4500BC

11 South Africa

12 When Ra weeps again, the water which flows from his eyes upon the ground turns into working bees. They work the flowers and trees of every kind and honey and wax comes into being. Egypt

13 WriEen reports from 3,00 years ago detailing migratory beekeeping

14 Egypt, 2400 BC

15 Egypt, 1450 BC

16 India 500BC

17 Greeks 384 BC, Aristotle wrote much about beekeeping. Foulbrood First to note that honeybee's don't visit flowers of different kinds on one flight, but remain constant to one species.

18 Romans Pliny wrote about beekeeping in about 50AD Wrote about wax, and propolis Described a transparent (Observa7on) hive The Mead consumed by the Celts! Bees are the smallest of birds, and are born from the bodies of oxen Virgil wrote about beekeeping in about 40BC Keep hives: Near water Out of the wind Away for lizards, moths, and birds Emphasized the hives ruler Praised Bees for their abstension from Sexual intercourse Spontaneous Genera7on?

19 0 to 1400 AD Rome declining (300AD) Fall of Rome (450AD) Travel Unsafe Knowledge not easily disseminated Dark Ages No wrieen history No major achievements Black Plague 1350 (75 Million Dead!) Beginning of the Renaissance (1400s) Prin7ng Press 1450

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21 SKEPS FROM MIDDLE AGES

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23 SKEPS ARE STILL USED IN PARTS OF EUROPE

24 AD In 1586, Luis Méndez de Torres first described the queen bee as a female that laid eggs Charles Butler iden7fied the monarch as a female queen and the drone as a male bee. In 1637, Richard Remnant recognized that the worker bees were females.

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26 Francis Huber Fully movable frame, Leaf, hive 1789 Observa7ons on Bees Queen ma7ng prac7ces and role of Drones

27 Discovery of parthenogenesis in Queen bees Johann Dzierzon Discovery of Royal Jelly and its role in Queen development 1854.

28 Rev. Lorenzo Lorraine Langstroth ( ) Father of American Beekeeping Andover, MA

29 Eureka! 1851 Lorenzo Langstroth clarifies bee space, the 3/8 inch needed between frames for bees to build comb. The Langstroth Movable Frame Hive is the first and most important invenjon in crea7ng a commercial beekeeping industry.

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31 STILL CALLED LANGSTROTH HIVES MOVEABLE FRAME HIVES ARE THE LAW OF THE LAND IN THE UNITED STATES

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33 Honeybees around America First Honeybees to America in 1622 First documented apiary, Newbury 1640 Spread with SeElers and via Swarms Per Thomas Jefferson, 1784, to Na7ve Americans: White Man s Flies

34 Honeybees around America Langstroth Movable Frame Hive Honeybees to California 1860 s 2 Million lbs of honey in CA in 1884 What was a scarce product became an abundant commodity by 1880!

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36 Inven7ons Fast and Furious Inven7ons fed off each other Pre- formed wax founda7on: 1857 Extractor: 1865 Francesco De Hruschka Smokers: 1873 Moses Quimby Queen Excluder Improved

37 1900 s Breeding Honeybees: Brother Adam Africanized Bees in the Americas 1950 s Brazil breeding sta7on OOPS! More Hybrids More Scien7fic Studies More interest in Beekeeping

38 Brother Adam

39 Good Temper 1925 Brother Adam Breeding Honeybees for certain traits: The Buckfast Bee Disease- Resistance Prolific Propensity for hard work Disinclina7on to swarm

40 TRACHEAL MITES FIRST FOUND IN THIS COUNTRY IN 1984

41 VARROA MITES FIRST FOUND IN THIS COUNTRY IN 1987

42 2000 s Increased public awareness of the cri7cal role that Honeybees play in the ecosystem and their role in pollina7on of food crops! Increased literary interest in Bees and Beekeeping as evidenced by the success of The Secret Life of Bees, Vanishing of the Bees, and Queen of the Sun. Increase in Community Supported Agriculture (CSAs), personal responsibility for the food we grown and eat, awareness of the benefits of ea7ng local, healthy, nutri7ous food. High increase of allergies and food and chemical sensi7vies.

43 2011 You! Welcome to Beekeeping!

44 Norfolk County Beekeepers Associa7on Found 1953 A few men got together to talk about beekeeping 2005 Club had about 65 members and 18 students in bee school 2011 Club has over 200+ members, and 100 students in bee school People wan7ng to get back to nature, more concern for the world we live in and the damage that has been done. 1 beekeeper with 60,000 hives can t make a difference, but 60,000 beekeepers with one hive can make a different. (Vanishing of the Bees)

45 Beekeeping Basics Knowledge of bee science Knowledge of bee botany Familiarity with modern agriculture Some elementary economics Tolls & ability to work with wood For7tude to take bee s7ngs

46 Bee S7ngs They HURT and... we REACT

47 Normal Reac7on Bee S7ngs

48 Normal Reac7on

49 Bee S7ngs Normal Reac7on

50 Bee S7ngs Normal Reac7on Allergic Reac7on Toxic Reac7on Too many s7ngs at one 7me

51 Too Many S7ngs!!

52 Bee S7ngs 401 What to do to avoid being stung... proper clothing smoker best environmental condi7ons scrape s7ng out promptly slow movements- no jerking or windmills extra care around hive/flowers don t remove veil too soon keep gentle bee stock

53 Bee S7ngs 601 A bee s front end is sweet and kind, But never trust a bee s behind. A bee can s7ng if it can sit, So always stay in front of it! Does anyone know who wrote this?

54 Beekeeping Picture yourself here