Update on Mapping the Peanut Genome

Transcription

1 Update on Mapping the Peanut Genome oward Valentine Peanut Foundation Victor Nwosu Mars Chocolate

2 Preview What are we doing? What have we accomplished so far? Why are we doing it? What does it mean for the commercial market? Initiative 2

3 What are we doing?

4 Wild Diploid Peanut Parents Arachis ipaensis Arachis duranensis Tetraploid Initiative 4

5 From the genome work to improved varieties Develop markers for economic traits Stress, disease, aflatoxin, drought, yield Phenotyping, genotyping Initiative 5

6 From the genome work to improved varieties Develop markers for economic traits Stress, disease, aflatoxin, drought, yield Phenotyping, genotyping Assessing traits in the peanut collections Initiative 6

7 From the genome work to improved varieties Develop markers for economic traits Stress, disease, aflatoxin, drought, yield Phenotyping, genotyping Assessing traits in the peanut collections Peanut breeders toolbox Trait information, markers, diversity, etc All data is freely accessible to all Initiative 7

8 From the genome work to improved varieties Develop markers for economic traits Stress, disease, aflatoxin, drought, yield Phenotyping, genotyping Assessing traits in the peanut collections Peanut breeders toolbox Trait information, markers, diversity, etc All data is freely accessible to all Initiative 8

9 What have we accomplished so far?

10 Peanut Genome Sequencing & Assembly Sequenced & Assembled Wild Parents (Diploids) of Cultivated Peanut A Genome-A Ipaensis B Genome-A duranensis Sequenced Cultivated Peanut -Tetraploid Coming Soon: Assemble Cultivated Peanut Genome Sequence & Assemble peanut populations Initiative 10

11 Developed Markers for Economic & Quality Traits Current Markers: igh leic Trait Nematode Resistance Late Leafspot Coming Soon: Early Leafspot TSWV -Rust Initiative 11

12 Assessing Traits in the Germplasm Collections Current Research: Phenotyping & Genotyping Core Germplasm collection from China, India, and US Used Phenotype data to select varieties with natural resistance Next Year: Sequence important selected varieties Compare genomes of resistant and susceptible varieties Develop gene markers for the resistance traits Initiative 12

13 Peanut Breeders Toolbox Breeder Platform Initiative 13

14 Why are we doing it?

15 Initiative Increase Yields Reduce Water Usage Improve Nutrition Particularly Protein Photograph by Bill Tarpenning Reduce Pesticides Usage

16 Improving peanut varieties can help farmers in developed nations produce more peanuts with fewer pesticides and help farmers in developing nations feed their families. Rajeev Varshney Plant Geneticist of India Initiative 16

17 What does it mean for the Commercial Market?

18 Average Peanut Nutrient Composition Nutrient Composition (per 100g) Water 1.95 (g) Energy 581 (kcal) Protein (g) Fat, total 49.3 (g) Carbohydrates (g) Sugars, total 4.16 (g) Fiber, total dietary 6.9 (g) Minerals, total 1.49 (g) Vitamins, total 0.15 (g) Source: USDA, Nutrients composition database

19 Fatty Acids Composition of Peanuts 80 % Normal Peanut igh leic Acid Peanut leic Acid Linoleic Acid ther Fatty Acids

20 Aflatoxin Contamination of Peanuts What is aflatoxin?

21 Aflatoxin Contamination of Peanuts B 1 B 2 What is aflatoxin? C 3 C 3 G 1 G 2 C 3 C 3

22 Aflatoxin Contamination of Peanuts B 1 B 2 What is aflatoxin? C 3 C 3 G 1 G 2 Aspergillus flavus C 3 Aspergillus C 3 parasiticus

23 Aflatoxin: Major ealth Concern

24 Potential Public Benefits of Peanut Genome Development of tools for Enhancement of nutritional profile of peanuts Proteins (quality and quantity) Vitamins (folate) Antioxidants Mitigation of peanut allergens/aflatoxin contamination Improve flavor of peanuts Sustainability of peanut Yield Disease resistance Water usage (drought resistance) Improvement of other important agronomic Initiative 24

25 Products from around the World USA South Korea Venezuela Germany Chile Spain Mars China US Finland India Israel Initiative 25 UK