Achievement Level Descriptors for Medical Interventions

Transcription

1 Achievement Level Descriptors for Medical Interventions Achievement Level Descriptors (ALDs) are statements of what students should know and be able to do in a PLTW classroom. The ALDs can be used to better understand how students are performing on the End of Course examination. The categories of basic, proficient and advanced each provide a broad overview of student performance in that category. ALDs complement curriculum materials and can be used by teachers and students to better understand student performance and expectations. Each category builds upon the next category. For instance, a student who demonstrates an advanced understanding for a particular concept also is able to demonstrate basic and proficient understandings. The ALDs are linked to the EoC score and students are given an achievement indicator along with their EoC score. The achievement indicator is intended to provide an overall snapshot of the student s performance. Students who score in the proficient category may be advanced in some concepts or basic in others. Overall, their performance on the EoC indicates the level of overall achievement and performance as indicated by the ALDs. Descriptor Basic Proficient Advanced The student demonstrates a minimal or limited understanding of course concepts. Major gaps may be present in the student s knowledge and skills. The student demonstrates a competent understanding of the course concepts. The student can apply knowledge and skills to familiar situations. There may be minor gaps in the student s understandings. The student demonstrates a comprehensive and complex understanding of the course concepts. The student has the capability to transfer knowledge and skills to novel situations. Gaps in knowledge and skills are minimal. Theme or Concept Epidemiology A student who has reached the highest level of the basic category should be able to perform the following: Identify connections between patients in an outbreak scenario. A student who has just reached the proficient level should be able to perform the following: Determine some of the steps necessary to investigate an outbreak or identify some tests A student who has just reached the advanced level should be able to perform the following: Analyze connections between patients in an outbreak situation, determine Project Lead The Way, Inc. Page 1

2 ELISA Antigen/Antibody Serial Dilutions Bioinformatics Bacterial Structure Antibiotic Action Antibiotic Resistance/Gene Transfer Misuse of Antibiotics Hearing Tests Identify that an ELISA can detect the presence or absence of a pathogen. Complete a basic serial dilution and calculate concentration with assistance. Relate the use of computer database technology to the analysis of genetic information. Identify major structures of a bacterial cell. State that antibiotics target bacterial cells. Identify that bacteria can share genetic information. Relate human activity to antibiotic resistance. Affirm that tests can be used to diagnose hearing loss. that might be used to identify the pathogen. Identify that ELISA uses antigen/antibody interactions to detect the presence or absence of a pathogen. Calculate concentration independently. Describe how computer database technology can be used to analyze genetic information. Identify structural differences between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. State that there are different classes of antibiotics. Explain one way in which bacteria share genetic information. Cite an example of human activity that leads to antibiotic resistance. Identify one test used to diagnose hearing loss. appropriate tests to identify pathogen, and determine the steps for treatment and containment. Interpret ELISA results and explain how antigen/antibody tests can be used in scenarios other than disease detection. Interpret concentration results to infer a path of infection. Utilize computer database technology to analyze genetic information and interpret the results. Describe the function of the major structures in the bacterial cell and how these structures provide the cell defense. Explain how the four main classes of antibiotics target specific bacterial structures/biological pathways. Compare the three types of bacterial gene transfer and the relationship of this transfer to antibiotic resistance. Analyze a scenario to determine how misuse of antibiotics impacts bacterial growth. Determine the appropriate hearing tests to diagnose sensorineural and conductive hearing loss. Project Lead The Way, Inc. Page 2

3 Audiograms Ear Structure Hearing Loss Bioethics Explain that an audiogram shows hearing ability. Identify the major structures of the ear. Identify that there are bioethical concerns and considerations surrounding medical technology. Determine the level of hearing loss based on an audiogram. Identify the major structures of the ear and their functions. Describe an example of a bioethical concern. Interpret audiograms to identify different types of hearing loss and select appropriate interventions. Pinpoint the major structures of the ear involved in each type of hearing loss. Analyze a novel bioethical issue and articulate pros and cons. Immune System/Vaccine Function Impact of Vaccination Production of Vaccines Recombinant DNA/Molecular Tools PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) Gel Electrophoresis State that vaccines activate immune function. State that vaccines have had an impact on disease occurrence. Cite that there are various types of vaccines. Name basic tools used in recombinant DNA technology. Explain how vaccines activate immune function. Cite an example of how vaccines have impacted disease trends. Describes at least one type of vaccine and how it was produced. Describe the function of restriction enzymes. Explain why some vaccines require boosters or multiple doses. Infer the impact of vaccination or lack thereof on disease in a population. Relate recombinant DNA technology to vaccine production. Explain the process of creating recombinant DNA, including selection of appropriate restriction enzyme. Explain the purpose of PCR. Summarize the process of PCR. Explain the applications of PCR technology as well as the role of each reagent in the process. Identify that electrophoresis separates molecules based on differences in properties. Describe the purpose of a karyotype. Identify that molecules are separated by size and charge. Analyze and interpret electrophoresis results. Karyotypes/Genetic Counseling Note abnormalities on a karyotype. Interpret karyotype results and determine outcomes and options. Prenatal Care/Testing Explain the importance of List examples of prenatal care, Analyze a case file to determine Project Lead The Way, Inc. Page 3

4 Diagnostic Testing SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) prenatal care. including lifestyle modifications. appropriate prenatal test(s). Explain the importance of List examples of at least two Select and justify the diagnostic testing. diagnostic tests and the function appropriate diagnostic test(s) of each test. for a given scenario. Identify a SNP within a given sequence. Explain an application of SNP analysis. Explain how SNPs can be identified through genetic testing and how they correlate to specific diseases or traits. Gene Therapy/Vectors Reproductive Technology Normal vs. Cancer Cells/Cell Cycle Microarray/Gene Expression Cancer Risk Factors/ Prevention Experimental Design Cancer Screening Cancer Treatment State that faulty genes may be replaced by functional genes. Cite an example of a reproductive technology. Describe differences in the appearance of normal cells and cancer cells. Identify that a microarray is used to compare gene expression from different tissue samples. Describe risk factors and preventative measures for cancer. Identify the purpose of a control group in an experiment. Relate cancer screenings to early detection and a better prognosis. Identify chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery as treatments for cancer. Identify that vectors are the tool of gene therapy. Explain how one reproductive technology works. Identify that the development of cancer is related to an error in the cell cycle. Explain that DNA microarrays measure the amount of mrna for genes present in a cell sample. Connect certain viral infections to an increased risk of cancer. Determine the controls in an experiment. Relate a specific screening test to a particular cancer. Compare and contrast chemotherapy and radiation. Evaluate the promise and limitations of gene therapy. Analyze and defend an argument regarding the use of a particular reproductive technology. Connect cell cycle regulatory gene mutations to the development of cancer. Use DNA microarray results to evaluate cancer risk. Evaluate genetic risk factors for cancer using family history and marker analysis. Design a controlled experiment and identify the different variables. Devise a cancer screening schedule for a patient. Evaluate the benefits and side effects of chemotherapy and radiation. Project Lead The Way, Inc. Page 4

5 Biofeedback Therapy Prosthetics/Rehabilitation Pharmacogenetics Nanomedicine Clinical Trials Protein Structure Protein Purification Protein Production ESRD (End Stage Renal Disease) Histocompatibility Organ Allocation Relate biofeedback to a patient s ability to regulate their body s automated responses. Describe the purpose of an artificial limb. Identify that all drugs do not act the same way for all individuals Explain how nanomedicine differs from conventional medicine. Describe the purpose of a clinical trial. Identify that the building blocks of proteins are amino acids and that proteins are coded for by DNA. Identify that proteins can be separated based on their chemical properties. State that bacterial cells can be used to produce proteins. Perform a controlled experiment to test the effects of biofeedback. Describe how myoelectric prosthetic limbs work. Identify that SNP profiles play a role in how patients may respond to a particular medication. Identify one application of nanomedicine. Explain why a control group is necessary for a clinical study. Communicate that different amino acids have different properties. Identify chromatography or electrophoresis as methods for separating proteins. Relate plasmids and recombinant DNA to protein production. Interpret biofeedback results and suggest a novel application of biofeedback therapy. Design a rehabilitation plan for a patient with a prosthetic limb. Use patient SNP profiles to predict how a person will respond to particular medications. Postulate a nanotechnologybased cancer treatment. Evaluate the efficacy of a clinical trial. Describe how the sequence of amino acids influences the folding and final structure of a protein. Explain how chromatography and electrophoresis can be used together to purify a protein. Outline the steps required to produce a protein in the laboratory. Identify symptoms of ESRD. Explain one treatment of ESRD. Analyze the pros and cons of hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplant for a patient with ESRD Explain that the organ donor and recipient need to have compatible blood types. Identify that there are guidelines for organ allocation. Explain that the organ donor and recipient need to have compatible tissue types. Explain one guideline utilized to allocate organs. Use blood typing and HLA typing results to match an organ donor with a compatible recipient. Use federal policy guidelines to defend who should receive a donated organ in a given situation. Project Lead The Way, Inc. Page 5

6 Types of Surgery Replacement Organs/Tissues Identify the benefits of less invasive surgery. Identify that organ/tissues may be replaced using tissue engineering or xenotransplantation. Describe the pros and cons of both minimally invasive surgery and traditional open surgery. Differentiate between tissue engineering and xenotransplantation. Analyze a scenario and defend a recommendation for an appropriate surgical procedure. Defend arguments as to whether or not further research for xenotransplantation and tissue engineering should be banned. Note: Assume that the higher levels of achievement include all prior columns. Project Lead The Way, Inc. Page 6