National Consultation on Nanomaterials and Their Implications on Human Health and Environment

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1 National Consultation on Nanomaterials and Their Implications on Human Health and Environment

2 Opportunities & Challenges for Nanotechnology in Food John R. Dutcher University of Guelph

3 Nano: The Science of Small materials, processes & products at molecular level can now see atoms & molecules properties can be different at nanoscale opportunities to contribute to many areas of technology different approaches to making nanostructures top-down bottom-up self-assembly A Boy and his Atom protein cage

4 Natural Nano in Food much of nano is engineered or synthetic raises concerns about safety many examples of natural nano in food milk: self-assembled casein micelles k-casein coating hydrophobic centre colloidal calcium phosphate CMP hairy layer Scientific American casein micelle

5 Opportunities For Nanotechnology in Foods Nanoparticles Nanoemulsions Nanocomposites Nano Foods Extraction/synthesis Solubilization Nanoencapsulation Formulation Nutrient delivery Authenticity Packaging Functional Foods

6 Nutrient Delivery solubilization, encapsulation & delivery of ingredients vitamins, colours, flavours, preservatives, antimicrobials delivery systems such as liposomes used to optimize activity targeted delivery can substantially reduce payload

7 Food Packaging intelligent inks embedded in packaging UV activated, oxygen sensitive, colored ink based on TiO2 changes color in presence/absence of oxygen before UV after UV after opening

8 Food Authenticity/Traceability to ensure food safety & authenticity of expensive foods, e.g. fish, olive oil, herbal supplements DNA barcoding

9 Functional Food Through Nano health issues can be addressed using food diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease trans fat replacement using oleogels & structured emulsions provide solid-like structures that can mimic texture of saturated fats in foods such as cookies, creams, sausages ethylcellulose oleogel Zetzl et al., Food Structure (2014)

10 Challenges For Nano in Food considerable technical challenges stability of nanostructures & complex formulations efficacy of nutrient delivery, antimicrobial action detection sensitivity in complex formulations recent initiatives to quantify engineered NPs in food EU NanoLyse project ILSI NanoRelease project Pages/FoodAdditiveMainPage.aspx

11 Challenges For Nano in Food detection sensitivity in complex formulations plus series of five papers in Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science & Food Safety (2014) by NanoRelease Group

12 Challenges For Nano in Food non-technical challenges safety: fate of nanoparticles in the body regulatory: development of new nano-regulations consumer acceptance: advantage/risk education of public cost: can vulnerable population afford the technology? T. Borel and C.M. Sabliov/Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol. 2014

13 Challenges For Nano in Food non-technical challenges safety: fate of nanoparticles in the body regulatory: development of new nano-regulations consumer acceptance: advantage/risk education of public cost: can vulnerable population afford the technology?

14 Challenges For Nano in Food non-technical challenges safety: fate of nanoparticles in the body regulatory: development of new nano-regulations consumer acceptance: advantage/risk education of public cost: can vulnerable population afford the technology? 2011

15 Challenges For Nano in Food non-technical challenges safety: fate of nanoparticles in the body regulatory: development of new nano-regulations consumer acceptance: advantage/risk education of public cost: can vulnerable population afford the technology?

16 Challenges For Nano in Food non-technical challenges safety: fate of nanoparticles in the body regulatory: development of new nano-regulations consumer acceptance: advantage/risk education of public cost: can vulnerable population afford the technology?

17 The Path Forward need to address several issues many potential benefits but potential risks must be identified various governments/agencies are developing policies/regulations need to educate consumers/public safe, natural nano nanoparticles from corn PhytoSpherix from Mirexus unique technical properties can satisfy safety, regulatory, consumer acceptance & cost

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19 Regulation of Natural Nanomaterials Environment Canada: Proposed Approach to Address Nanoscale Forms of Substances on the Domestic Substances List Proposed criteria for substances to be excluded, unless they are intentionally manufactured to exhibit one or more nanoscale properties/phenomena, include, but are not limited to: Polymers; Organic or organo-metallic pigments and dyes; Naturally occurring or incidentally produced nanomaterials; Deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, proteins, peptides, liposomes, antibodies, viruses or a virus-like particles, organelles or other biological materials

20 What is Natural? EXTRACTION Gentle vs Harsh Biological vs Synthetic FABRICATION overlapping perspectives NATURAL FORM Native vs Engineered Biodegradable vs Persistent LIFE CYCLE Organic vs Inorganic CHEMISTRY