Skin Pharmacology and Toxicology. Recent Advances

Transcription

1 Skin Pharmacology and Toxicology Recent Advances

2 NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A B C o E F G H Life Sciences Physics Mathematical and Physical Sciences Behavioral and Social Sciences Applied Sciences Computer and Systems Sciences Ecological Sciences Cell Biology Plenum Publishing Corporation New York and London Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, Boston, and London Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris, and Tokyo Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 175-Vascular Endothelium: Receptors and Transduction Mechanisms edited by John D. Catravas, C. Norman Gillis, and Una S. Ryan Volume 176-Processing of Sensory Information in the Superficial Dorsal Horn of the Spinal Cord edited by F. Cervero, G. J. Bennett, and P. M. Headley Volume 177-Prostanoids and Drugs edited by B. Samuelsson, F. Berti, G. C. Folco, and G. P. Velo Volume 178-The Enzyme Catalysis Process: Energetics, Mechanism, and Dynamics edited by Alan Cooper, Julien L. Houben, and Lisa C. Chien Volume 179-lmmunological Adjuvants and Vaccines edited by Gregory Gregoriadis, Anthony C. Allison, and George Poste Volume 180-European Neogene Mammal Chronology edited by Everett H. Lindsay, Volker Fahlbusch, and Pierre Mein Volume 181-Skin Pharmacology and Toxicology: Recent Advances edited by Corrado L. Galli, Christopher N. Hensby, and Marina Marinovich Series A: Life Sciences

3 Skin Pharm~cology and Toxicology Recent Advances Edited by Corrado L. Galli University of Milan Milan, Italy Christopher N. Hensby Centre International de Recherche Dermatologique (C.I.R.D.) Val bonne, France and Marina Marinovich University of Milan Milan, Italy Plenum Press New York and London Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division

4 Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Recent Advances in Skin Pharmacology and Toxicology, held April 9-19, 1989, in Riva del Garda, Italy Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data NATO Advanced Study Institute on Recent Advances in Skin Pharmacology and Toxicology (1989: Riva, Italy) Skin pharmacology and toxicology: recent advances I edited by Corrado L. Galli, Christopher N. Hensby, and Marina Marinovich. p. cm.-(nato ASI series. Series A, Life sciences; v. 181) "Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Recent Advances in Skin Pharmacology and Toxicology, held April 9-19, 1989, in Riva del Garda, Italy" T.p. verso. "Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division." Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: e-isbn-13: DOl: / Dermatopharmacology-Congresses. 2. Dermatotoxicology-Congresses. I. Galli, C. L. (Corrado L.) II. Hensby, C. N. (Christopher N.) III. Marinovich, Marina. IV. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. V. Title. VI. Series. [DNLM: 1. Dermatologic Agents-pharmacology-congresses. 2. Skin-drug effects-congresses. 3. Skin Diseases-drug therapy-congresses. QV 60 N279s 1989] RL801. N '061-dc20 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress CIP 1990 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990 A Division of Plenum Publlshing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y All rights reserve,11 No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

5 PREFACE Major skin diseases, including acne, psoriasis and eczcma, affect the majority of the population at some time in their lives. In general, these diseases are physically and psychologically disfiguring for the sufferers; furthermore, by their very chronic nature skin diseases, unlike most other disease processes, present both acute and chronic therapy problems. In addition, the chronic nature of these diseases can present certain economic problems. Firstly, chronic therapy is becoming increasingly expensive and secondly, patients adhering to a strict treatment regimen will frequently be absent from their gainful employment for either medical consultation or treatment. Given that in all NATO countries the average age of the population is continually increasing, these chronic skin diseases will increase in importance in the coming years. Furthermore, as the average population age increases, additional disease processes such as skin photodamage and carcinogenicity risk becoming major areas of therapeutic concern. This book reviews in detail the major scientific areas of interest for research and clinical scientists working in skin pharmacology and toxicology. The basic principles relating to an understanding of how drugs and chemicals may influence either the skin or the body as a whole are discussed in detail by recognized international scientific experts. The Editors March 1990 v

6 CONTENTS Dermatological Drug Development - A Review of some Important Issues J.R. Gibson Carbohydrate, Protein and Lipid Metabolism in the Skin; Biochemical and Molecular Aspects B. Berra and S. Rapelli Hormone Receptors in the Skin M. Ponec Skin Permeability and Models of Percutaneous Absorption H. Schaefer and C.N. Hensby Skin as a Portal of Entry for Systemic Effect: Xenobiotic Metabolism. 85 D.R. Bickers and H. Mukhtar Animal Models Used in Cutaneous Pharmacology M. Bouclier, C.N. Hensby and D. Cavey Hyperplastic Transformation: the Response of the Skin to Irritation and Injury F. Marks The Evaluation of Cutaneous Toxicity: Past and Future G.J.A. Oliver In Vitro Biochemical Markers of Skin Toxicity C.L. Galli and M. Marinovich The Use of Cultured Human Keratinocytes as a Model System for Skin Pharmacology and Toxicology U. Reichert and R. Schmidt Pro-Inflammatory Mediators and Human Skin Disease F.M. Cunningham Studies of Photoaging M. Yaar and B.A. Gilchrest vil

7 Photosensitization Chemically Induced: Mechanisms and Clinical Aspects 211 P. Forlot Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Multistage Carcinogenesis; Role of Oncogenes and Intercellular Communication 229 H. Yamasaki Contact and Atopic Dermatitis 243 C. Gelmetti In Vitro Expanded Human Keratinocytes: Clinical and Biological Experiences 257 L. Andreassi, L. Donati, M. Malcovati, M.L. Tenchini and E. Trabucchi A Comparative Evaluation of Sun Protective Properties of a Shea Butter by Reflectance Spectroscopy, Laser Doppler Flowmetry and Visual Scoring 267 P.H. Andersen and P. Bjerring A Computer System for Contact Dermatitis A. Dooms-Goossens, J. Drieghe, H. Degreef and F. Dooms Nuclear Aberrations in Anagen Hair Follicle Cells; a Novel in Vivo Assay for the Detection of Genotoxic Agents. 283 M.T. Goldberg, E.A. Goldberg, R. Church and M.H. Hardy A New Evaluation Method of Skin Plastoelasticity A. Sparavigna and M. Setaro An Interspecies Comparison of Skin Structure (Hair Follicle Area as Determined by a Novel Technique) and Skin Permeability. 299 F.M. Smith, R.C. Scott and J.R. Foster Chemical-Induced Differentiation of Cultured Human Keratinocytes as Measured by Cell Size Distribution F. Van Pelt, M. Stelling, I. Hassing, R. Van De Heijden and B., Blaauboer Contributors Index viii