Microbiology An Introduction Tortora Funke Case Eleventh Edition

Transcription

1 Microbiology An Introduction Tortora Funke Case Eleventh Edition

2 Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: Pearson Education Limited 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. ISBN 10: ISBN 13: British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Printed in the United States of America

3 Microbiology: Pearson New International Edition - PDF - PDF - PDF Table of Contents Cover Table of Contents 1. Glossary 2. The Microbial World and You Microbes in Our Lives Naming and Classifying Microorganisms A Brief History of Microbiology Microbes and Human Welfare 3. Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope Units of Measurement Microscopy: The Instruments Preparation of Specimens for Light Microscopy 4. Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: An Overview The Size, Shape, and Arrangement of Bacterial Cells Structures External to the Cell Wall Flagella and Cilia The Cell Wall and Glycocalyx The Plasma (Cytoplasmic) Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes Organelles The Evolution of Eukaryotes 5. Microbial Metabolism Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions Enzymes Energy Production Carbohydrate Catabolism Lipid and Protein Catabolism Biochemical Tests and Bacterial Identification Photosynthesis

4 A Summary of Energy Production Mechanisms Metabolic Diversity among Organisms Metabolic Pathways of Energy Use The Integration of Metabolism 6. Microbial Growth The Requirements for Growth Biofilms Culture Media Obtaining Pure Cultures Preserving Bacterial Cultures The Growth of Bacterial Cultures 7. The Control of Microbial Growth The Terminology of Microbial Control The Rate of Microbial Death Actions of Microbial Control Agents Physical Methods of Microbial Control Chemical Methods of Microbial Control Microbial Characteristics and Microbial Control 8. Microbial Genetics Structure and Function of the Genetic Material The Regulation of Bacterial Gene Expression Mutation: Change in the Genetic Material Genetic Transfer and Recombination Genes and Evolution 9. Biotechnology and DNA Technology Introduction to Biotechnology Tools of Biotechnology Techniques of Genetic Modification Applications of DNA Technology Safety Issues and the Ethics of Using DNA Technology 10. Classification of Microorganisms The Study of Phylogenetic Relationships

5 Classification of Organisms Methods of Classifying and Identifying Microorganisms 11. The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea The Prokaryotic Groups The Proteobacteria The Gram-Positive Bacteria The Nonproteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria Fusobacteria Diversity within the Archaea Discoveries Illustrating the Range of Diversity 12. The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths Fungi Lichens Algae Protozoa Slime Molds Helminths Arthropods as Vectors 13. Viruses, Viroids, and Prions General Characteristics of Viruses Viral Structure Taxonomy of Viruses Isolation, Cultivation, and Identification of Viruses Viral Multiplication Viruses and Cancer Latent Viral Infections Persistent Viral Infections Prions Plant Viruses and Viroids 14. Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Pathology, Infection, and Disease Normal Microbiota The Etiology of Infectious Diseases

6 Classifying Infectious Diseases Patterns of Disease The Spread of Infection Nosocomial (Hospital-Acquired) Infections Emerging Infectious Diseases Epidemiology 15. Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity How Microorganisms Enter a Host How Bacterial Pathogens Penetrate Host Defenses How Bacterial Pathogens Damage Host Cells Pathogenic Properties of Viruses Pathogenic Properties of Fungi, Protozoa, Helminths, and Algae Portals of Exit 16. Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host The Concept of Immunity Physical Factors Chemical Factors Normal Microbiota and Innate Immunity Formed Elements in Blood The Lymphatic System Phagocytes Inflammation Fever Antimicrobial Substances 17. Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host The Adaptive Immune System Dual Nature of the Adaptive Immune System Antigens and Antibodies B Cells and Humoral Immunity AntigenAntibody Binding and Its Results T Cells and Cellular Immunity Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs) Extracellular Killing by the Immune System Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity

7 Cytokines: Chemical Messengers of Immune Cells Immunological Memory Types of Adaptive Immunity 18. Practical Applications of Immunology Vaccines Diagnostic Immunology 19. Disorders Associated with the Immune System Hypersensitivity Autoimmune Diseases Reactions Related to the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Complex The Immune System and Cancer Immunodeficiencies Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 20. Antimicrobial Drugs The History of Chemotherapy The Spectrum of Antimicrobial Activity The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs A Survey of Commonly Used Antimicrobial Drugs Tests to Guide Chemotherapy Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs Antibiotic Safety Effects of Combinations of Drugs The Future of Chemotherapeutic Agents 21. Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes Structure and Function of the Skin Normal Microbiota of the Skin Microbial Diseases of the Skin Microbial Diseases of the Eye 22. Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System Structure and Function of the Nervous System Bacterial Diseases of the Nervous System Viral Diseases of the Nervous System

8 Fungal Disease of the Nervous System Protozoan Diseases of the Nervous System Nervous System Diseases Caused by Prions Disease Caused by Unidentified Agents 23. Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Bacterial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Viral Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Protozoan Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Helminthic Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems 24. Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System Structure and Function of the Respiratory System Normal Microbiota of the Respiratory System Bacterial Diseases of the Upper Respiratory System Viral Disease of the Upper Respiratory System Bacterial Diseases of the Lower Respiratory System Viral Diseases of the Lower Respiratory System Fungal Diseases of the Lower Respiratory System 25. Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System Structure and Function of the Digestive System Normal Microbiota of the Digestive System Bacterial Diseases of the Mouth Bacterial Diseases of the Lower Digestive System Viral Diseases of the Digestive System Fungal Diseases of the Digestive System Protozoan Diseases of the Digestive System Helminthic Diseases of the Digestive System 26. Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems Structure and Function of the Urinary System Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Normal Microbiota of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems Bacterial Diseases of the Urinary System Bacterial Diseases of the Reproductive Systems

9 Viral Diseases of the Reproductive Systems Fungal Disease of the Reproductive Systems Protozoan Disease of the Reproductive Systems 27. Environmental Microbiology Microbial Diversity and Habitats Soil Microbiology and Biogeochemical Cycles Aquatic Microbiology and Sewage Treatment 28. Applied and Industrial Microbiology Food Microbiology Industrial Microbiology 29. Chemical Principles The Structure of Atoms How Atoms Form Molecules: Chemical Bonds Chemical Reactions Inorganic Compounds Organic Compounds 30. Appendix: Metabolic Pathways 31. Appendix: Exponents, Exponential Notation, Logarithms, and Generation Time 32. Appendix: Methods for Taking Clinical Samples 33. Appendix: Pronunciation of Scientific Names 34. Appendix: Word Roots Used in Microbiology 35. Appendix: Classification of Prokaryotes According to Bergey's Manual Index A B C D

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