Acceptability and Challenges of New Generation

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1 HSRC/ARC Policy Dialogues on Vaccines for Viral Diseases of Livestock in Africa Pretoria September 1 st, 2015 Acceptability and Challenges of New Generation Vaccines DIETER SCHILLINGER ANIMAL HEALTH CONSULTANCY

2 Outline Vaccine market Consumer/citizen view The role of NGOs The link between GM crops, feed and vaccines GM vaccines for animals Conclusions

3 Animal Health Industry Global Market Review 2014 Vetnosis US$ 6 billion

4 Global Veterinary Vaccines Market Since 2012, more than 20 new vaccines launched Further growth (CAGR 5.5%/9%)/Drivers: Advancement in biotechnological research Launch of innovative vaccines (DNA, vector vaccines) Growing awareness of AH in emerging economies Better management of farms/productivity Increasing zoonotic diseases Asia, parts of Africa, and LATAM grow at double-digit growth rates Huge opportunities for new entrants & established vaccine producers by introducing novel vaccines and by entering into emerging countries

5 Old School Risk Hazard x Exposure = Risk Jack A. Bobo Senior Advisor for Biotechnology U.S. Department of State

6 New School Risk Hazard x Media Exposure = Perception of Risk Jack A. Bobo Senior Advisor for Biotechnology U.S. Department of State

7 Position of animal vaccines in Biotechnology Processes Health products through modified enzymes/fermentation processes FAIRLY CONTAINED FAIRLY CONTAINED Human and animal health MEDICAL PROCESSES INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES Fermentation and biocatalysis of microorganisms and cells ANIMAL VACCINES AGRICULTURAL PROCESSES Modified enzymes/bacteria Modified plants/animals for industrial processing Plants/animals producing human health products Veterinary products for food animals NOT CONTAINED Crop production, animal husbandry, fisheries, aquaculture, forestry

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9 Why is Africa reluctant to use GMO crops Political and economic reasons Activities by NGOs African politicians are strongly influenced by the negative European attitude to GMOs Fears about the impact on trade with other countries, particularly Europe 20 Africa nations have fully fledged biosafety regulations Francophone countries adopted laws based on the precautionary approach endorsed by the EU

10 GM phobia spreads in South Asia Nature Biotechnology 30, (2012) CHINA 2008: $3.8billion into a 10-year R&D program on GM crops and animals 2009: approval of 2 GM crops (Bt rice; maize producing phytase) Golden rice/greenpeace: scientists are using children as guinea pigs Political leaders hesitated protest from environmental groups, social science and public Ministry of Agriculture, under public pressure, does not issue permits for environmental release of GM crops INDIA 2002: allowing companies to produce and market Bt cotton 2010: Moratorium on Bt brinjal

11 If livestock eat genetically modified grain will there be GMOs in my meat? In US, livestock have been consuming feed made from GM crops since 20 years More than two-thirds of GM corn and 50% of GM soybeans are used for livestock feed GMOs have never been detected in the milk, meat or eggs derived from animals fed GM feed A.L. Van Eenennaam and A.E.Young: Prevalence and impacts of genetically engineered feedstuffs on livestock populations ; J.Anim.Sci 92:

12 Can GMOs be used in organic products? Organic 101 series/usda organic regulations The use of genetic engineering, or GMOs, is prohibited in organic products. The Boston Globe (May23, 2014): Let science, not fear, dictate GMO labelling laws GMO labeling is not about consumer choice. It is about a coordinated and concerted effort to eradicate biotechnology from US agriculture. EU Regulation 1829/2003 on genetically modified food and feed Labelling shall not apply to foods containing material.. from GMOs in a proportion no higher than 0.9 % of the food ingredients., provided that this presence is adventitious or technically unavoidable

13 Reject the inject. Vaccines kill.

14 Directive 2001/18/EC A GMO/GMM is defined as an organism/micro-organism, with the exception of human beings, in which the genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination Organism means any biological entity capable of replication or of transferring genetic material

15 Modern technology use in animal health vaccines specific questions - IFAH-Europe These genetically manipulated vaccines will leave residues in my food are all about genetic manipulation can escape into the environment are stronger than pathogens and will override naturally occurring pathogens can very easily get out of control, create super-species and can mutate Labelling The public has the right to know that they are eating produce from animals that have been treated with genetically modified vaccines. Labelling needs to indicate this on the packaging.

16 Conclusions Concerns remain within the wider public (safety, environmental impact) We need to address these concerns through good science and sensible legislation/regulation There are clear benefits to animal welfare and production, public health (incl. AMR), food security Promoting awareness of the many benefits might bring an increasing acceptance of this technology Battling the negative GMO campaign Improving the image through pro-active advocacy Encouraging investment, funding and collaboration (PPP) into innovation and development of new veterinary vaccines