Clinical Laboratory. BioSafety

Transcription

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2 Clinical Laboratory BioSafety

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4 Biosafety Management Laboratory acquired infections, LAI SARS : 4 lab staff, 7 secondary cases Ebola 2004: 46-y women, dead, Russia Tb 2004: 3 cases from leaky aerosol chamber, USA Legionella 2003: pneumonia in, Sweden Cutaneous antrax 2002: lab technician, Texas West Nile virus 2002: 2 cases, USA Herpes B encephalitis 1997: 23-y woman, dead

5 Occupational infections USA > (1983) < 400 (2001)

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8 مديريت ايمني زيستي Management responsibilities

9 Elements of Safety Program Safety policy Safety officer Safety manual

10 Elements of Safety Program Safety oriented employees Safety committee Safety training Accident report

11 Elements of Safety Program Incorporate safety into procedures Safety checklist (Continious improvement) Documentation

12 Safety Officer

13 Safety Officer

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15 (Spill Management)

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17 (Safety Officer)

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19 (Precleaning, Cleaning)

20 (Sterilization) (Disinfectant)

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22 DNA c

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24 c UV: - DNA

25 PH )... Cleaning)

26 خون هايعات بدن وهواد دفعي کف زهين ديوار لباس 1/50 1 گرم در ليتر % 1 1/4 گرم در ليتر 20 هيلي ليتردر ليتر 1/10 5 گرم در ليتر %0/5 7 گرم در ليتر 100 هيلي ليتردر ليتر هايع سفيدکننده خانگي )کلرفعال %5 ( هيپوکلريت کلسين کلرفعال %70 هحلول هيپوکلريت سدين)کلرفعال %5 (

27 C2H5OH) = (

28 ( 10%) - Iodine&Iodophors HCHO)

29 (H2O2 PAA =

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32 Time,Steam.Tempreture =TST

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34 Efficacy testing of autoclaves Chemical indicators (EN 867): Results directly after the process For 121 C and 134 Cheap and easy Treatment control / endpoint control Disadvantage: only limited temperature and time details Color change integrator

35 Efficacy testing of autoclaves Media with colour indicator Spore strip with Bac. stearothermophilus (ca ) Biological indicators unprocessed positive control processed

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41 )

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43 (Treatment

44 PH

45 (off- site on-site)

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48 Safety Box

49 (Toxic) (Reactive) PH PH (Corresive)

50 Flammable

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58 General Requirements for Personal and Laboratory safety HIV

59 General Requirements for Personal safety

60 General Requirements for Personal safety

61 General Requirements for Personal safety

62 General Requirements for Personal and Laboratory safety

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64 Laboratory hazards

65 Route of Exposure or Mode of Entry

66 Route of Exposure or Mode of Entry

67 Aerosols are generated from most laboratory tasks

68 Aerosols can spread through a building and effect many people

69 Contamination is often heaviest in work areas and on worker hands

70 Loop microincinerators, disposable loops

71 Episodes of Single-source, Multiple Laboratory Infections Disease Probable Source of Infection Maximum Distance From Source Brucellosis Centrifugation Basement To 3 rd floor Number Persons Infected 94 Coccidioidomyc osis Culture transfer solid media 2 Building floors 13

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75 Safety Box

76 Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)

77 Radioactive N2 HOT Infection

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80 Personal protective equipment Eye protectors Safety glasses with side protection Face shield (visor); two types

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82 Personal protective equipment Respirators with HEPA Full- or half facepiece respirators (replaceable filters) Decontamination; protection from particles and gas Particulate respirators (mask with filter) Protection particles; FFP1-FFP3 Powered respirators (replaceable filters, FFP1-FFP3) Airflow at min. 120 l/minute for protection

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89 MSDS

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92 Fume hood-ventilated tables

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94 MSDS Physical data Safety (MSDS) data for sodium azide General Synonyms: azium, azide Molecular formula: NaN3 Toxicology Transport information Stability Environmental information Personal protection

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97 Biosafety Levels Biological Safety Cabinets With Reference to Dr.Kathrin Summematter s Training Course

98 Risk Group Classification WHO Risk Group 1,2,3 and 4 For laboratory work only

99 Classification of infective microorganisms by risk group Risk Group 1 (no or low individual and community risk) A microorganism that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease (e.g. E.coli K12, Lactobacillus bulgaricus) Risk Group 2 (moderate individual risk, low community risk) A pathogen that can cause human or animal disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers, the community, livestock or the environment. Laboratory exposures may cause serious infection, but effective treatment and preventive measures are available and the risk of spread of infection is limited (e.g.influenza virus,hepatitis A)

100 Risk Group 3 (high individual risk, low community risk) A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another. Effective treatment and preventive measures are available.(e.g. TB, HIV, hepatitis C) Risk Group 4 (high individual and community risk) A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and that can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly. Effective treatment and preventive measures are not usually available (e.g. Ebola, Variola)

101 Biosafety Levels basic - Biosafety Level 1 basic - Biosafety Level 2 containment - Biosafety Level 3 maximum containment - Biosafety Level 4

102 Biosafety Level 1 BSL1 suitable for activities involving wellcharacterized agents of none or only negligible hazard to men, animal and environment Laboratory doors are always closed Laboratory clothing for the work area Harmless disposal of microorganisms in contaminated material, waste and on contaminated equipment Autoclave available (e.g. in an other building) Surfaces of benches resistant to acids, alkalis, solvents and disinfectants

103 BL1

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106 Biosafety Level 2 BSL 2 is suitable for work involving agents of low potential hazard to men and environment Parameters and equipment as BSL 1, additonally: Biohazard sign Restricted entry to the work area Biosafety cabinets Autoclave available (in building)

107 BL2

108 Biosafety Level 3 BSL 3 is suitable for work with pathogens of moderate potential hazard to men and environment Parameters and equipment as BSL 1 and 2, additionally: Separate work area Work area sealable to allow fumigation, depending on organism used Entry to work area via airlock Observation window or other means of observing the work area

109 BL3

110 Equipment in Laboratories of Biosafety Level 3 Barrier autoclave inside laboratory Barrier autoclave outside laboratory

111 Biosafety Level 4 BSL 4 is suitable for work with pathogens highly pathogenic to men and environment Parameters and equipment as BSL 1,2 and 3 additionally: Work area sealable to allow fumigation Entry to work area via airlock Observation window or other means of observing the work area (eg. CCTV) Work area under negative air pressure to surrounding Supply air to the work area and exhaust air is HEPA filtered

112 Biosafety Level 4 Surfaces of benches, floors, walls and ceilings resistent to acids, alkalis, solvents and disinfectants Work area with complete independent equipment Pass-through autoclave in the work area Shower facility Complete change of clothing / shoes before entering / leaving the work area Inactivation of microorganisms in the effluent of sinks, pipes and showers

113 Equipment in laboratories of Biosafety Level 4 Work with human pathogens of risk group 4 Class II Biosafety cabinet Work with positive pressure suit Canadian Science Center, Winnipeg

114 Equipment in Laboratories of Biosafety Level 4

115 Biosafety Cabinets class 1-3 Class I: Protection of worker, no product protection Class II: Protection of worker, environment and product Class III: Process isolation by glove box (Isolator)

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118 Biosafety Cabinet I The Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines: 3rd Edition 2004 Inward airflow for personnel and environmental protection Exhaust air is HEPA filtered No recirculation of air No product protection For microbiological work with low or moderate risk

119 Biosafety Cabinet Class II A1 Minimum average face velocity of 0.38 m/s (75 ft/min) No protection against volatile toxic chemicals and volatile radionuclides

120 Biosafety Cabinet Class II A2 Maintain a minimum average face velocity of 0.5 m/s (100 ft/min) Is suitable for work with minute quantities of volatile toxic chemicals and trace amounts of radionuclides.

121 Biosafety Cabinet Class II B1 Maintain a minimum average face velocity of 0.5 m/s (100 ft/min). Recirculate 30% of the air within the cabinet. Suitable for work with low levels of volatile toxic chemicals and trace amounts of radionuclides.

122 Biosafety Cabinet Class II B2 Does not recirculate air within the cabinet. Maintain a minimum average face velocity of 0.5 m/s (100 ft/min). Suitable for work with volatile toxic chemicals and radionuclides

123 Biosafety Cabinet Class III Totally enclosed and gas-tight, with attached long-sleeved gloves Negative pressure of at least 120Pa Inlet air HEPA-filtered, exhaust air double HEPA-filtered

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125 2. PROPER UTILIZATION OF THE EFFECTIVE WORKZONE

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127 4. PROVISION FOR FOREARM SUPPORT

128 What is wrong?

129 Clean bench The clean bench is no biosafety cabinet! The clean bench serves mainly to keep the product sterile The sterile, HEPA-filtered air flows in horizontal direction from the back side of the clean bench over the product For production of media and buffer solutions Sterile cultures for plants

130 Clean Bench Protects the product and not the personnel!! HEPA-filter Production of media and buffer solutions

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