Immunotherapy of Disease

Transcription

1 Immunotherapy of Disease

2 IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICINE SERIES Immunology of Endocrine Diseases Editor: A. M. McGregor Clinical Transplantation: Current Practice and Future Prospects Editor: G. R. D. Catto Complement in Health and Disease Editor: K. Whaley Immunological Aspects of Oral Diseases Editor: L. Ivanyi Immunoglobulins in Health and Disease Editor: M. A. H. French Immunology of Malignant Diseases Editors: V. S. Byers and R. W. Baldwin Lymphoproliferative Diseases Editors: D. B. Jones and D. Wright Phagocytes and Disease Editors: M. S. Klempner, B. Styrt and J. Ho HLA and Disease Authors: B. Bradley, P. T. Klouda, J. Bidwell and G. Laundy Immunology of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Editor: D. J. M. Wright Lymphocytes in Health and Disease Editors: G. Janossy and P. L. Amiot Mast Cells, Mediators and Disease Editor: S. T. Holgate Immunodeficiency and Disease Editor: A. D. B. Webster Immunology of Pregnancy and its Disorders Editor: C. M. M. Stern Immunotherapy of Disease Editor: T. J. Hamblin Immunology of Prophylactic Immunization Editor: A. J. Zuckerman Immunology of Eye Diseases Editor: S. Lightman Immunology of Renal Diseases Editor: C. D. Pusey

3 IMMUNOLOGY SERIES, SERIES, SERIES SERIES AND SERIES, SERIES, SERIES, SERIES MEDICINE Immunotherapy of Disease Edited by T. J. Hamblin Department of Pathology Royal Victoria Hospital Bournemouth, Series Editor: K. Whaley KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT/BOSTON/LONDON

4 Distributors for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358, Accord Station, Hingham, MA , USA for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center, PO Box 322,3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Immunotherapy of disease. l. Man. Diseases. Immunological aspects I. Hamblin, T. J. II. Series '9 ISBN-13: e-isbn-13: DOl: / by Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1989 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission from the publishers, Kluwer Academic Publishers BY, PO Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Published in the United Kingdom by Kluwer Academic Pubishers, PO Box 55, Lancaster,. Kluwer Academic Publishers BY incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Typeset by Witwell Limited, Southport

5 Contents Preface Series Editor's Note List of Contributors Vll Vlll IX Bone marrow transplantation, thymus transplantation and thymic factors in the treatment of congenital immune defficiency states A. J. Barrett Intravenous immunoglobulin A. C. Newland and P. A. Veys The interferons S. D. Griffiths, D. W Galvani and J. C. Cawley Antilymphocyte antibodies: polyclonal and monoclonal A. J. Bell Plasma exchange in immunotherapy C. D. Pusey Immunotherapy with interleukin-2 A. J. Bell Modifications of monoclonal antibody for immunotherapy T J. Hamblin Immunological effects of blood transfusion D. P. Singal Cyclosporin J. R. Chapman Index v

6 Preface Immunotherapy began in 1774 when the Dorset farmer Benjamin Jesty inoculated his wife and two sons with the pus from the teat of a cow suffering from cow pox, using his wife's knitting needle as a vaccinating implement. It has made slow progress. Meanwhile the science of Immunology has burgeoned so much that if all immunologists read every page of the Journal of Immunology, let alone the other Immunology journals, then they would have no time left to write for it. I am pleased that some of them have found the time to write for this volume. In spite of the rapid expansion in immunological knowledge and the undreamt of complexity of the immune system that has been unravelled, immunologists have remained until recently erudite but therapeutically effete. Indeed anyone purporting to treat disease by immunological methods has been in danger of being labelled a quack or a crackpot. Happily things are changing. The nine chapters of this volume detail nine quite different approaches to manipulating the immune system for therapeutic benefit. All are experimental and they have been attended with greater or lesser degrees of success. In some cases their main effect has been to elucidate the complexity of the problem. On the other hand, there are people alive and well today as a result of these approaches who would otherwise have perished. Immunotherapy is here to stay and it can only get better. My thanks are due to each contributor for his patience, to the publishers for their perspicacity and to my family for their patience. T. J. Hamblin vii

7 Series Editor's Note The interface between Clinical Immunology and other branches of medical practice is frequently blurred and the general physician is frequently faced with clinical problems with an immunological basis and is often expected to diagnose and manage such patients. The rapid expansion of basic and clinical immunology over the past two decades has resulted in the appearance of increasing numbers of immunology journals and it is impossible for a nonspecialist to keep apace with this information overload. The Immunology and Medicine series is designed to present individual topics of immunology in a condensed package of information which can be readily assimilated by the busy clinician or pathologist. This latest member of the series, "Immunotherapy of Disease" edited by Professor T. J. Hamblin deals with a topic which is still in its infancy. Each of the nine chapters examines critically a different form of immunotherapy. Doubtless the next decade will see major advances in immunotherapy but at the moment this book presents the state of the art. K. Whaley, Glasgow September 1989 viii

8 List of Contributors A. J. BARRETT Royal Postgraduate Medical School Hammersmith Hospital Du Cane Road London W12 OHS A. J. BELL Royal Victoria Hospital Shelley Road Bournemouth Hants BH1 4JG J.C. CAWLEY University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX J. R. CHAPMAN Renal Unit West mead Hospital Westmead Sydney NSW 2145 Australia D. W. GALVANI University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX S. D. GRIFFITHS Royal Liverpool Hospital Prescot Street Liverpool L78XP ix T. J. HAMBLIN Royal Victoria Hospital Shelley Road Boscombe Bournemouth BH1 4JG A. C. NEWLAND The London Hospital Whitechapel London E1 1 BB C. D. PUSEY Renal Unit Department of Medicine Royal Postgraduate Medical School Hammersmith Hospital Du Cane Road London W12 ONN D. P. SINGAL Department of Pathology McMaster University Medical Centre 1200 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario Canada L8N 3Z5 P.A.VEYS The London Hospital Whitechapel London E1 1 BB