M02/410/H(1) BIOLOGY HIGHER LEVEL PAPER 1. Thursday 9 May 2002 (afternoon) 1 hour INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

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1 c IB DIPLOMA PROGRAMME PROGRAMME DU DIPLÔME DU BI PROGRAMA DEL DIPLOMA DEL BI M02/40/() BIOLOGY IGER LEVEL PAPER Thursday 9 May 2002 (afternoon) hour INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES! Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.! Answer all the questions.! For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on the answer sheet provided pages

2 2 M02/40/()+. Which processes occur during interphase? I. DNA replication II. DNA transcription III. Separation of replicated DNA molecules I and II only I and III only II and III only I, II and III 2. What is the ratio of the relative size of a eukaryotic cell, a virus and a prokaryotic cell? Eukaryotic cell Virus Prokaryotic cell Which characteristic of water explains its thermal properties? Adhesion Surface tension Solvent properties ydrogen bonding

3 3 M02/40/()+ 4. Which structures represent a generalised amino acid and glycerol? I. II. N C R C O O N C R O C R 2 N C C O O III. IV. O O O O C C C C C Amino acid I II I II Glycerol IV III III IV Turn over

4 4 M02/40/()+ 5. What is the arrangement of nucleotides in a single DNA strand? S = sugar, P = phosphate group, B = organic base S P S P B B P S P S B B B S B S P P B S P B S P 6. Which group of three molecules makes up one RNA nucleotide? Phosphate, ribose, uracil Phosphorus, ribose, adenine Uracil, deoxyribose, phosphorus Guanosine, deoxyribose, phosphate 7. Which techniques of recombinant DNA technology (genetic engineering) require the use of plasmids? I. Gene therapy II. DNA profiling III. Gene transfer by gene cloning I and II only I and III only II and III only I, II and III

5 5 M02/40/()+ 8. Which response summarises meiosis? Pairing of chromosomes Number of divisions Result No One Two diploid cells No Two Four diploid cells Yes One Two haploid cells Yes Two Four haploid cells 9. A healthy couple have a daughter who has a rare disease caused by a recessive mutation of a gene. They then have two healthy children. What is the probability that a fourth child will have the same rare disease? What is a clone? A group of organisms which could interbreed and produce fertile offspring. A group of cells descended from two parent cells. A group of organisms of the same species living together and interbreeding. A group of organisms with identical genotype Turn over

6 6 M02/40/()+. The diagram below shows a food web. Which organisms in the food web are only primary consumers? P Q R S T P and S U Q and R T and U R and T 2. Which graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis? Rate Rate Temperature Temperature Rate Rate Temperature Temperature

7 7 M02/40/()+ 3. Which characteristics apply to all evolving populations? I. Overproduction of offspring II. Different genotypes in the population III. Different chances of survival I and II only I and III only II and III only I, II and III 4. The data below shows the height of two populations of bean seedlings. eight of Population I / cm x = 3.4 s = 2.3 eight of Population II / cm x =.2 s = 2.9 Which conclusion is supported by the data? The median values are 3.4 for I and.2 for II. The median and the mode values for II are the same. 95 % of the values in I are within 2.3 cm of the mean. The variability in height is greater for I than for II Turn over

8 8 M02/40/()+ 5. Which products are formed by the action of the enzymes listed? Protease Amino acids Dipeptides Proteins Polypeptides Amylase Maltose Disaccharides Starch Glucose 6. What are the states of the valves when the ventricles are relaxed? Atrio-ventricular valves Open Open Closed Closed Semilunar valves in the arteries Open Closed Open Closed 7. Where are the chemoreceptors that detect the changes in blood p and levels of glucose found? Changes in blood p Brain stem Carotid vein Carotid artery Venae cavae Changes in blood glucose Small intestine Liver Pancreas Liver

9 9 M02/40/()+ 8. Chorionic villus sampling is a prenatal test. What is the sample? Tissue from the amnion Fluid from the amniotic sac Blood from the umbilical artery Tissue from the placenta 9. What changes occur prior and during labour? (m = increase, o= decrease) Nerve impulses from the cervix Levels of blood progesterone Levels of blood oxytocin m o m o o o m m m o m o Turn over

10 0 M02/40/()+ 20. The diagram below shows a section across a cell membrane. Outside I II IV III Inside Which membrane protein is important for cell recognition by antibodies? I II III IV 2. Which process involves the removal of introns? The reaction catalysed by RNA polymerase. The formation of mature eukaryotic mrn The activation of reverse transcriptase. The binding of ribosomes to mrn

11 M02/40/()+ 22. The diagram below represents the energy changes in a reaction. Energy products reactants P Q R Progress of reaction What is the activation energy of the reverse reaction? Q R Q P R P P + Q 23. The diagram below illustrates a simple metabolic pathway. metabolite enzyme metabolite enzyme 2 metabolite enzyme 3 metabolite P Q R S Which response shows allosteric feedback inhibition? Metabolite P S S S Site of binding of metabolite Allosteric site of enzyme Allosteric site of enzyme Active site of enzyme Active site of enzyme Turn over

12 2 M02/40/()+ 24. What are the products of one turn of the Krebs cycle? ATP CO 2 + NAD + FAD The diagram below shows part of a section across a chloroplast. I II IV III In which part does photolysis of water occur? I II III IV 26. What adaptations do CAM and C 4 plants have in common? They only fix carbon dioxide at night. They only open their stomata at night. They use PEP carboxylase to fix carbon dioxide. They are succulents that store water in their tissues

13 3 M02/40/()+ 27. What is a chiasma? A process of exchanging genes between non-homologous chromatids. A point where gene mutations occur. A point where the recombination of genetic material always occurs. A point where homologous chromosomes remain in contact during meiosis. 28. The table below shows the cross over value (COV) data (in centimorgans) for four linked genes. Genes P and Q R and S S and P Q and S R and P COV / cm What is the order of genes on the chromosome? S, P, Q, R R, P, Q, S R, Q, S, P P, Q, R, S 29. What is interspecific hybridisation? Sexual reproduction between heterozygous members of the same species. Sexual reproduction between homozygous members of the same species. The fertilisation of a female by sperm from more than one species. Sexual reproduction between members of different species Turn over

14 4 M02/40/()+ 30. What is the sequence of processes leading to fertilisation? Acrosome reaction, cortical reaction, egg membrane penetration Egg membrane penetration, acrosome reaction, cortical reaction Acrosome reaction, egg membrane penetration, cortical reaction Cortical reaction, acrosome reaction, egg membrane penetration 3. The diagram below shows the immune system identifying an infected cell in the body. Infected cell I MC molecules Cytotoxic T-cell What is the structure labelled I? Antigen Antibody IgA IgM

15 5 M02/40/()+ 32. What types of agent cause the diseases listed in the table? Measles Diphtheria Tetanus Virus Bacterium Bacterium Virus Virus Virus Bacterium Bacterium Bacterium Bacterium Virus Virus 33. An organism has cell walls of chitin, no chlorophyll, stores carbohydrate as glycogen and reproduces by means of spores without flagella. What is its kingdom? Protoctista Plantae Fungi Prokaryotae 34. Which list shows four levels of taxa in decreasing order of hierarchy? Family Class Genus Order Order Family Genus Class Order Class Family Genus Class Order Family Genus Turn over

16 6 M02/40/()+ 35. What is the sequence of events when a nerve impulse reaches the synaptic knob of a neuromuscular junction? I. Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter II. 2 Ca + ions enter the synaptic knob III. Neurotransmitter attaches to receptors on the muscular membrane (sarcolemma) IV. Na + ions enter the muscular membrane I, II, III, IV II, I, III, IV I, IV, II, III IV, II, I, III 36. The diagram below shows part of an actin filament of skeletal muscle. II III I What are the names of the labelled parts? I II III Actin Tropomyosin Troponin Tropomyosin Actin Troponin Actin Troponin Tropomyosin Troponin Actin Tropomyosin

17 7 M02/40/()+ 37. Which structure of the kidney responds to AD by reabsorbing water? Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of enle Glomerulus Collecting duct 38. Which processes in angiospermophytes involve active transport? I. Mineral ion uptake II. Translocation III. Transpiration I and II only I and III only II and III only I, II and III 39. What are the functions of xylem in angiospermophytes? I. Physical support II. Passive transport of water and minerals III. Active transport of carbohydrates I, II and III I and II only II and III only I and III only Turn over

18 8 M02/40/()+ 40. What conditions are needed for the germination of all seeds? I. Light II. Sufficient water III. Oxygen I and II only I and III only II and III only I, II and III