Translation. Protein Synthesis
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- Ernest Garrett
- 5 years ago
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Transcription
1 Protein Structure
2 Translation Protein Synthesis
3 Size and Shape Comparison of Proteins
4 Levels of Protein Structure 1 o 2 o 3 o 4 o
5
6 Amino Acids
7 Peptide Bonds Proteins are formed by creating peptide bonds between individual amino acids. Remove water Called dehydration
8 Peptide Bonds
9 Amino Acids
10 04_01_peptide bonds.jpg
11 20 Amino Acids
12 Amino Acids Hydrophilic Hydrophobic
13 Some Amino Acids have a Negative Charge
14 Some Amino Acids have a Positive Charge
15 Some are Uncharged & Polar
16 Some are Nonpolar
17 Amino Acid Codes
18 Myoglobin
19 Secondary (2 ) Structure Folding into α- helix or β-sheets
20 α-helix
21 Myoglobin
22 β-sheet C- terminus N- terminus
23 Parallel Antiparallel β - Sheets
24 β - Sheets COXSACKIE VIRUS AND ADENOVIRUS RECEPTOR Antiparallel
25
26 Tertiary (3 ) Structure
27 3 Structure 3-D Conformation of Protein contain domains (~ aa) that fold and function independently may contain many domains
28
29 Domain 1
30 Domain 2
31 Domain 3
32 Domain 3
33 Domain 4
34 Domain 4
35 Quarternary (4 ) Structure
36 4 Structure association of polypeptides into multi-subunit protein
37
38 Catalase Quaternary Structure
39 Protein Functions Structural Regulatory Enzyme Transport
40 Structural Proteins Provide Mechanical support to cells and tissues Outside cell Collagen Elastin Inside cell Tubulin Actin α-keratin
41 Transmission Electron Microscopy Collagen Extracellular matrix Forms fibers in tendons and ligaments three chains each 1400 amino acids long a tight triple helix 3 amino acids Glycine rich (3) Proline hydroxyproline
42 Collagen Glycine rich center
43 Elastin Extracellular matrix Form fibers in tendons and ligaments Electrospun elastin from varying concentrations depicting a change in fiber diameters (10 micron on left and 1.14 micron on right) and fiber morphology (round fibers vs. flat ribbons).
44 Elastin
45 Tubulin Inside cells Forms long stiff microtubules
46 Actin Inside cell Forms actin filaments Underlie and support plasma membrane
47 α-keratin Forms fibers that reinforce epitheial cells Dimer Two identical sub units α helix Coiled-coil Intermediate filaments Found in hair,nails and horn
48 Regulatory Proteins Cyclins Cyclin Dependent Kinases
49 Cell Cycle Regulation The cyclins are named cyclins because their appearance during the cell cycle is cyclical
50 Cyclins/Kinases Complexes
51 G1 Cyclin D CDK4 CDK6 Cyclin E CDK 2
52 Cyclin D
53 cyclin D-dependent kinase Cdk6
54 S Phase Cyclin A CDK 2
55 Cyclin A Residues similar domains Cyclin fold 5 α-helices
56 CDK 2 Domain 1 85 residues 1 α-helix 5 stranded β-sheet Domain residues α-helices
57 Cyclin A/CDK 2 Complex
58 Cyclin A/CDK 2 Complex Inactive Active
59 Cyclin B G2
60 Cell Cycle Regulation M-phase promoting Factor MPF
61 Biological Enzymes Catalysts for covalent bond breakage and formation Catalase DNA Polymerase Taq Polymerase DNA topoisomerase
62 Active site Recognizes and binds substrate (reactant) Performs reaction catalysis
63 Enzyme Specificity
64 How enzymes work Enzyme Molecule Substrate Products
65 Enzyme Advantage
66
67 DNA Polymerase
68 DNA Polymerase
69 Taq Polymerase
70 Taq Polymerase Movie
71 DNA topoisomerase
72 Enzyme structure/function DNA topoisomerase II (yeast)
73 Transport Proteins Plasma Membrane
74 Transport Protein
75 α-type channels
76 Bacteriorhodopsin 248 AA residues Binds retinol Uses light energy to pump H + 7 α-helices Conversion of light energy to chemical energy
77 bacteriorhodopsin
78 Bacteriorhodopsin
79 Bacteriorhodopsin
80 K + channels
81 K + channels
82 β Channels
83 Rhodobacter capsulatus 16 β-strands Anti parallel β barrel Top Extra cellular loops Bottom periplasmic space
84 Porins Hydrophilic channel Beta sheets diffusion nutrients waste products
85 11_25_Porin.proteins.jpg
86 Maltoporin Structure