BIO1PS 2012 Plant Science Topic 4 Lectures 2 and 3 Introduction to Plant Biotechnology

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "BIO1PS 2012 Plant Science Topic 4 Lectures 2 and 3 Introduction to Plant Biotechnology"

Transcription

1 BIO1PS 2012 Plant Science Topic 4 Lectures 2 and 3 Introduction to Plant Biotechnology Dr. Michael Emmerling Department of Botany Room 410 m.emmerling@latrobe.edu.au

2 Some Key Words Agrobacterium Ti plasmid and T-DNA selectable marker promoters and reporter genes plant transformation techniques restriction and ligation enzymes input traits, output traits commercially grown GM crops Bt toxin

3 Biotechnology "Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use." United Nations Convention of Biological Diversity

4 Biotechnology "The exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, esp. the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc." "Dashboard" Dictionary

5 Challenges growing population 2010: ~ b; 2050: ~9.2b arable land limitations erosion loss of nutrients increased salinity "climate change" higher temperatures less water

6 Challenges changing needs higher "demand" for meat biofuels

7 Meeting the Challenges teosinte hybrid maize wild emmer bread wheat

8 Meeting the Challenges plant breeding yield biotic and abiotic stresses (diseases, pests, salt, drought,...) regional adaptation improved farming practices economies of scale, i.e. broadacre farming use of fertiliser better distribution less waste

9 Plant Breeding slow process (10-25 years) not exact there is only so much potential beneficial gene might not be "available"

10 Plant Breeding mutated cultivar EMS radiation mutated gene slow process (10-25 years) not exact there is only so much potential beneficial gene might not be "available"

11 Plant Breeding slow process (10-25 years)

12 Plant Biotechnology "gene of interest" universal genetic code molecular biology/cloning or "recombinant DNA technology" sequencing PCR amplification plant transformation transfer of genes and regulatory sequences plant tissue culture totipotency plant regeneration

13 Example Bt Toxin Host plants: broad acre crops like cotton corn/maize Helicoverpa

14 Example Bt Toxin Bacillus thuringiensis Shigetane Ishiwatari, Ernst Berliner, 1911

15 Example Bt Toxin Bacillus thuringiensis archive/fullsize/1006_fs.jpg Gatehouse (2008), Plant Physiol. 146,

16 Example Bt Toxin Bacillus thuringiensis 12 days without Bt toxin archive/fullsize/1006_fs.jpg 12 days with Bt toxin photos/feb01/k jpg

17 Example Bt Toxin natural product used by organic farmers very specific non-toxic to most animals low persistence Gatehouse (2008), Plant Physiol. 146, protein gene expression in plants

18 Gene to Protein ATG exon intron Stop 3 UTR gene promoter universal genetic code transcription splicing polyadenylation terminator poly-a site mrna 5 Cap AAAAAA n 3 translation processing modification protein

19 Recombinant DNA identify gene of interest cry gene encoding Bt toxin protein clone gene make lots of copies using PCR "put" into plasmid "put" plasmid into E. coli Ladiges et al. (2010), 4 th ed., Fig. 14.5

20 Restriction Enzymes Ladiges et al. (2010), 4 th ed., Fig first isolated in 1970 Ladiges et al. (2010), 4 th ed., Fig. 14.1

21 Restriction Enzymes Ladiges et al. (2010), 4 th ed., Fig Ladiges et al. (2010), 4 th ed., Fig Ladiges et al. (2010), 4 th ed., Fig. 14.4

22 Ligation Ladiges et al. (2010), 4 th ed., Fig Ladiges et al. (2010), 4 th ed., Fig. 14.4

23 Bacterial Transformation a few to several 100 copies per cell identical plasmid contains antibiotic resistance gene generally E. coli Ladiges et al. (2010), 4 th ed., Fig. 14.5

24 Plasmid ATG Stop 3 UTR gene promoter terminator poly-a site gene of interest missing: promoter terminator antibiotic resistance gene Ladiges et al. (2010), 4 th ed., Fig. 14.5

25 Plant Transformation biolistic transformation PMB's best friend: Agrobacterium protoplasts

26 Agrobacterium Taiz and Zeiger (2010), 5 th ed., Fig tomato infected with Agrobacterium method/dsmeth/agrobacterium%20image.jpg files/html/b1286/images/b jpg commons/8/89/ti_plasmid.jpg

27 Ti Plasmid and T-DNA

28 T-DNA t selectable marker p p goi t LB RB replace original DNA with recombinant DNA

29 Selection only cells with T-DNA can survive typical plant selectable markers: antibiotic resistance herbicide resistance t selectable marker p p goi t LB RB

30 Summary low frequency random integration into host genome extensive analysis required Ladiges et al. (2010), 4 th ed., Fig

31 From Spray to "internal" delivery photos/feb01/k jpg

32 GM Crops Worldwide x308,0.jpg

33 GM Crops Worldwide

34 GM Crops in Australia Approved: canola carnation cotton FLORIGENE Brochure

35 Biotech Crop Adaptation cotton in Australia 2009: 95% James, C. (2010), in M ha

36 GM Crops Properties Now: input traits insect resistance herbicide tolerance/resistance more productive, easier to grow, "good for farmer" Soon: output traits modified oils or starch added vitamins, increased nutrient content potential health benefits, "good for consumer"

37 Input Traits Insect resistance Bt toxin technology (Bollgard, Ingard, Yieldgard ) Herbicide resistance Roundup Ready replaces susceptible enzyme in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis with resistant enzyme Roundup glyphosate PEP

38 EPSP Synthase Roundup glyphosate PEP no tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan

39 GM Crops Properties Now: input traits insect resistance herbicide tolerance/resistance more productive, easier to grow, "good for farmer" Soon: output traits modified oils or starch added vitamins, increased nutrient content potential health benefits, "good for consumer"

40 Vitamin A Deficiency An estimated 250 million preschool children are vitamin A deficient and it is likely that in vitamin A deficient areas a substantial proportion of pregnant women is vitamin A deficient. An estimated to vitamin A- deficient children become blind every year, half of them dying within 12 months of losing their sight.

41 Vitamin A Deficiency Example India ~20% of world rice production rice is staple food annual loss of life: 71,600 annual loss of DALYs: 2,238,000 DALY: disability-adjusted life years Stein et al. (2006), Nature Biotechnology 24, Potrykus, 2009 wildtype rice

42 So What Is Wrong With Rice? X X X X Grotewold (2006), Ann Rev Plant Biol 57, X some of the enzymes not active/ not expressed in rice endosperm no provitamin A in rice grains Potrykus, 2009 wildtype rice

43 Vitamin A Deficiency Solutions vitamin A-rich diets vitamin A supplements fortification Golden Rice wildtype rice Potrykus, 2009

44 Golden Rice Ingo Potrykus Golden Rice maize Erwinia Grotewold (2006), Ann Rev Plant Biol 57, Potrykus, 2009 wildtype rice

45 Golden Rice "original" rice genome ultimate landrace traditional early variety imprecise unpredictable Potrykus, 2009 no regulation highly regulated modern high productivity rice Golden Rice

46 Vitamin A Deficiency Example India annual loss of life: 71,600 annual loss of DALYs: 2,238,000 ~20% of world rice production rice is staple food potential impact of Golden Rice annual lives saved: 5,500-39,700 annual DALYs saved: 204,000-1,382,000 DALY: disability-adjusted life years Stein et al. (2006), Nature Biotechnology 24, Potrykus, 2009

Genetically Modified Organisms II. How are transgenic plants generated? The components of T DNA transfer. Plants

Genetically Modified Organisms II. How are transgenic plants generated? The components of T DNA transfer. Plants Genetically Modified Organisms II Plants How are transgenic plants generated? The bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a pathogen of plants that causes crown gall tumors. Crown gall tumor Agrobacterium

More information

Biotechnology and its Applications

Biotechnology and its Applications Biotechnology and its Applications Very Short Answers Questions: 1. Give different types of cry genes and pests which are controlled by the proteins encoded by these genes? A: cryiac, cryiiab and cry IAb

More information

Chapter 6: Plant Biotechnology

Chapter 6: Plant Biotechnology Chapter 6: Plant Biotechnology Chapter Contents 6.1 The Future of Agriculture: Plant Transgenics 6.2 Methods Used in Plant Transgenesis 6.3 Practical Applications 6.4 Health and Environmental Concerns

More information

[ 2 ] [ 3 ] WHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY? HOW IS BIOTECHNOLOGY DIFFERENT FROM THE TRADITIONAL WAY OF IMPROVING CROPS?

[ 2 ] [ 3 ] WHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY? HOW IS BIOTECHNOLOGY DIFFERENT FROM THE TRADITIONAL WAY OF IMPROVING CROPS? WHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY? Biotechnology is a modern technology that makes use of organisms (or parts thereof) to make or modify products; improve and develop microorganisms, plants or animals; or develop

More information

A Lot of Cutting and Pasting Going on Here Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology

A Lot of Cutting and Pasting Going on Here Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology A Lot of Cutting and Pasting Going on Here Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology How Are Large DNA Molecules Analyzed? Naturally occurring enzymes that cleave and repair DNA are used in the laboratory to manipulate

More information

Prospects of GM Crops and Regulatory considerations

Prospects of GM Crops and Regulatory considerations Prospects of GM Crops and Regulatory considerations Dr.R.S.Kulkarni Professor of Genetics & Plant Breeding University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore THE GLOBAL VALUE OF THE BIOTECH CROP MARKET

More information

Genetically Modified Organisms

Genetically Modified Organisms Genetically Modified Organisms By Kendra Hogan For Dr. William R. Proulx, PhD, RD Associate Professor of Nutrition & Dietetics In partial fulfillment for the requirements of NUTR243 Food and Nutrition

More information

The Toolbox. The Solutions: Current Technologies. Transgenic DNA Sequences. The Toolbox. 128 bp

The Toolbox. The Solutions: Current Technologies. Transgenic DNA Sequences. The Toolbox. 128 bp The Solutions: Current Technologies Anne R. Bridges, Ph.D. Technical Director AACC International annebridges001@earthlink.net Acknowledgement: Ray Shillito, Bayer Corp. The Toolbox Mutation creation produce

More information

What is Biotechnology?

What is Biotechnology? What is Biotechnology? Biotechnology is a modern technology that makes use of organisms (or parts thereof) to: make or modify products; improve and develop microorganisms, plants or animals; or develop

More information

Genetically Modified Organisms

Genetically Modified Organisms Genetically Modified Organisms 1 Genetically Modified Organisms Farmers have been genetically modifying plants for 1000s of years Must take undesirable traits with those selected for Modern technology

More information

3/10/06. Web Sites with balanced views of the issues related to GM foods:

3/10/06. Web Sites with balanced views of the issues related to GM foods: 3/10/06 Web Sites with balanced views of the issues related to GM foods: http://www.geo-pie.cornell.edu/crops/eating.html http://www.colostate.edu/programs/lifesciences/transgeniccrops/ golden rice http://www.nbiap.vt.edu/

More information

Chapter 8 Recombinant DNA Technology. 10/1/ MDufilho

Chapter 8 Recombinant DNA Technology. 10/1/ MDufilho Chapter 8 Recombinant DNA Technology 10/1/2017 1 MDufilho The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology Biotechnology? Recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology Intentionally modifying

More information

GM (Genetically Modified) Plants. Background

GM (Genetically Modified) Plants. Background 1 GM (Genetically Modified) Plants Background Genetically modified crops (GM) have been used since 1996 in the U.S. GM crops contain foreign genetic material The DNA may be from another plant or from a

More information

Concept 13.1 Recombinant DNA Can Be Made in the Laboratory

Concept 13.1 Recombinant DNA Can Be Made in the Laboratory 13 Biotechnology Concept 13.1 Recombinant DNA Can Be Made in the Laboratory It is possible to modify organisms with genes from other, distantly related organisms. Recombinant DNA is a DNA molecule made

More information

PRINSIP BIOTEKNOLOGY. Application of Biotech on Plants, Agriculture

PRINSIP BIOTEKNOLOGY. Application of Biotech on Plants, Agriculture PRINSIP BIOTEKNOLOGY Application of Biotech on Plants, Agriculture Materi Traditional methods, selective breeding Recombinant DNA technology How to deliver genes in plants The major concerns about GMO

More information

CHAPTER 9: GENETIC ENGINEERING DR. BERTOLOTTI

CHAPTER 9: GENETIC ENGINEERING DR. BERTOLOTTI CHAPTER 9: GENETIC ENGINEERING DR. BERTOLOTTI Essential Question How and why do scientists manipulate DNA in living cells? 1 What is selective breeding used for? Application of Genetic Engineering Video:

More information

Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future

Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future Horticulture and GMOs Current Status and the Future Kevin M. Folta Professor and Chairman Horticultural Sciences Department kfolta@ufl.edu kfolta.blogspot.com @kevinfolta Current Status and Current Traits

More information

Q. Importing better varieties of plants from outside and acclimatizing i them to local l environment is 1. Selection 2. Cloning 3. Introduction 4. Het

Q. Importing better varieties of plants from outside and acclimatizing i them to local l environment is 1. Selection 2. Cloning 3. Introduction 4. Het CET BIOLOGY BIOTECHNOLOGY II Q. Importing better varieties of plants from outside and acclimatizing i them to local l environment is 1. Selection 2. Cloning 3. Introduction 4. Heterosis Q. Bagging is done

More information

Plant Biotechnology. The Genetic Manipulation of Plants OXPORD VNIVERSITY PRESS. Adrian Slater, Nigel W. Scott. Mark R. Fowler.

Plant Biotechnology. The Genetic Manipulation of Plants OXPORD VNIVERSITY PRESS. Adrian Slater, Nigel W. Scott. Mark R. Fowler. Plant Biotechnology The Genetic Manipulation of Plants Adrian Slater, Nigel W. Scott and Mark R. Fowler De Montfort University OXPORD VNIVERSITY PRESS Preface List of Abbreviations Foreword v xiii xxi

More information

Pocket K No. 42. Stacked Traits in Biotech Crops

Pocket K No. 42. Stacked Traits in Biotech Crops Pocket K No. 42 Stacked Traits in Biotech Crops The biotech method of gene stacking has brought us many notable products such as Golden Rice, Blue Rose, and SmartStax. What is gene stacking and why is

More information

Chapter 7 Agricultural Biotechnology

Chapter 7 Agricultural Biotechnology Chapter 7 Agricultural Biotechnology Outline: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Plant tissue culture 7.3 Genetically Modified Plant 7.4 Animal cloning 7.5 Genetically modified animal 2 Learning outcomes: Describe the

More information

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS. Julian Kinderlerer

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS. Julian Kinderlerer GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS Julian Kinderlerer Genetically modified? There has been enormous controversy around the world about human intervention in producing new varieties of organisms through the

More information

Can GM crops contribute to food security and sustainable agricultural development?

Can GM crops contribute to food security and sustainable agricultural development? Can GM crops contribute to food security and sustainable agricultural development? Evidence from 20 years of impact research Matin Qaim Agricultural Economist 3 rd Forum of the International Industrial

More information

Food & Agricultural Biotechnology CPE Questions

Food & Agricultural Biotechnology CPE Questions Food & Agricultural Biotechnology CPE Questions 1. What genetic traits are expressed by the biotechnology crops that have been introduced? a. insect protection b. herbicide resistance c. virus resistance

More information

Unit 2: Metabolism and Survival Sub-Topic (2.7) Genetic Control of Metabolism (2.8) Ethical considerations in the use of microorganisms

Unit 2: Metabolism and Survival Sub-Topic (2.7) Genetic Control of Metabolism (2.8) Ethical considerations in the use of microorganisms Unit 2: Metabolism and Survival Sub-Topic (2.7) Genetic Control of Metabolism (2.8) Ethical considerations in the use of microorganisms Duncanrig Secondary JHM&MHC 2015 Page 1 of 18 On completion of this

More information

Genetic Engineering: Genetically Modified Foods and You!

Genetic Engineering: Genetically Modified Foods and You! Genetic Engineering: Genetically Modified Foods and You! GMOs: What s the difference? igem works almost exclusively with microorganisms: single-celled, short lifespans, easy to manipulate with standardized

More information

Biotechnology. Chapter 17 section 1 (only)

Biotechnology. Chapter 17 section 1 (only) Biotechnology Chapter 17 section 1 (only) 5-16-16 Learning Goals for Today: Explain how DNA profiling can identify individuals Interpret data from DNA electrophoresis Discuss genetically modified organisms

More information

Exemplar for Internal Achievement Standard. Biology Level 3

Exemplar for Internal Achievement Standard. Biology Level 3 Exemplar for internal assessment resource Biology for Achievement Standard 91607 Exemplar for Internal Achievement Standard Biology Level 3 This exemplar supports assessment against: Achievement Standard

More information

1 A Genetically Modified Solution? Th e u n i t e d n a t i o n s World Food Program has clearly stated, Hunger

1 A Genetically Modified Solution? Th e u n i t e d n a t i o n s World Food Program has clearly stated, Hunger 1 A Genetically Modified Solution? Th e u n i t e d n a t i o n s World Food Program has clearly stated, Hunger and malnutrition are in fact the number one risk to health worldwide greater than AIDS, malaria,

More information

Genetic Engineering and Other Aspects of Biotechnology

Genetic Engineering and Other Aspects of Biotechnology Genetic Engineering and Other Aspects of Biotechnology IB Biology Outcomes 4.4.1 Outline the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to copy and amplify minute quantities of DNA. 4.4.2 State that, in gel

More information

Genetic Engineering for Better Agriculture, Food and Medicine. Prof.Dr. Shahana Urooj Kazmi University of Karachi

Genetic Engineering for Better Agriculture, Food and Medicine. Prof.Dr. Shahana Urooj Kazmi University of Karachi Genetic Engineering for Better Agriculture, Food and Medicine Prof.Dr. Shahana Urooj Kazmi University of Karachi People invented winemaking about 10,000 years ago. Followed by ensiling. Then meat preservation.

More information

Genetic Engineering Challenge How can scientists develop a type of rice that could prevent vitamin A deficiency? 1

Genetic Engineering Challenge How can scientists develop a type of rice that could prevent vitamin A deficiency? 1 Genetic Engineering Challenge How can scientists develop a type of rice that could prevent vitamin A deficiency? 1 Vitamin A deficiency can result in blindness, severe infectious diseases, and even death,

More information

What is DNA? Gene (skin colour) Gene (iris colour)

What is DNA? Gene (skin colour) Gene (iris colour) What is DNA? Gene (skin colour) Adenine Thymine Gene (iris colour) Guanine Cytosine 1 is deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule found in the cells of all living organisms. It carries the information responsible

More information

-Is the process of manipulating genes and genomes

-Is the process of manipulating genes and genomes Genetic Engineering -Is the process of manipulating genes and genomes Biotechnology -Is the process of manipulating organisms or their components for the purpose of making useful products Restriction Enzymes

More information

GM Foods: Possible Risks and Opportunities. Dr. Frank Shotkoski, Cornell University, USA

GM Foods: Possible Risks and Opportunities. Dr. Frank Shotkoski, Cornell University, USA GM Foods: Possible Risks and Opportunities Dr. Frank Shotkoski, Cornell University, USA crops have been genetically modified during mestication Domestication Selection Mutagenesis Hybridization Transgenic/Cisgenic

More information

Food Biotechnology: Agustin K Wardani

Food Biotechnology: Agustin K Wardani Food Biotechnology: Agustin K Wardani Biotechnology helps to meet our basic needs. Food, clothing, shelter, health and safety What is Food Biotechnology? Food biotechnology is the evolution of traditional

More information

Genetic engineering and the food we eat*

Genetic engineering and the food we eat* Genetic engineering and the food we eat* Prof. Daniel Chamovitz Tel Aviv University *and the clothes we wear, and the medicines we take, and gasoline we burn Problem #1: World Population is exploding 2011

More information

The demonstration that wild-type T-DNA coding region can be replaced by any DNA sequence without any effect on its transfer from A.

The demonstration that wild-type T-DNA coding region can be replaced by any DNA sequence without any effect on its transfer from A. The demonstration that wild-type T-DNA coding region can be replaced by any DNA sequence without any effect on its transfer from A. tumefaciens to the plant inspired the promise that A. tumefaciens might

More information

Biotechnology: Genomics: field that compares the entire DNA content of different organisms

Biotechnology: Genomics: field that compares the entire DNA content of different organisms Biotechnology: New Terms Today: Genome Genetic engineering, transgenic organisms, GM food, Reproductive and therapeutic cloning Stem cells, plouripotent, totipotent Gene therapy Genomics: field that compares

More information

15.3 Applications of Genetic Engineering

15.3 Applications of Genetic Engineering 15.3 Applications of Genetic Engineering Agriculture and Industry Almost everything we eat and much of what we wear come from living organisms. Researchers have used genetic engineering to try to improve

More information

Chapter 9. Biotechnology and DNA Technology

Chapter 9. Biotechnology and DNA Technology Chapter 9 Biotechnology and DNA Technology SLOs Compare and contrast biotechnology, recombinant DNA technology, and genetic engineering. Identify the roles of a clone and a vector in making recombined

More information

CHAPTER 08: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY Pearson Education, Inc.

CHAPTER 08: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 08: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology Biotechnology the use of microorganisms to make practical products Recombinant DNA technology Intentionally

More information

Biotechnology. Chapter 20. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

Biotechnology. Chapter 20. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Chapter 20 Biotechnology PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright

More information

AP Biology Gene Expression/Biotechnology REVIEW

AP Biology Gene Expression/Biotechnology REVIEW AP Biology Gene Expression/Biotechnology REVIEW Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Gene expression can be a. regulated before transcription.

More information

NOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech )

NOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech ) NOTES - CH 15 (and 14.3): DNA Technology ( Biotech ) Vocabulary Genetic Engineering Gene Recombinant DNA Transgenic Restriction Enzymes Vectors Plasmids Cloning Key Concepts What is genetic engineering?

More information

Genetically Modified Crops

Genetically Modified Crops page 1/7 Scientific Facts on Genetically Modified Crops Source document: FAO (2004) Summary & Details: GreenFacts Context - We are regularly confronted with genetically modified foods, be it in the news

More information

Genetically Modified (GM) crops are they safe to grow? Are

Genetically Modified (GM) crops are they safe to grow? Are Genetically Modified (GM) crops are they safe to grow? Are they safe to eat? Eija Pehu ARD Biotechnology - Definition Biotechnology implies the use of microbial, animal or plant cells, or parts thereof

More information

Bt maize technologies: Insect pest control Anani Bruce

Bt maize technologies: Insect pest control Anani Bruce Bt maize technologies: Insect pest control Anani Bruce Training course on identification and management of biotic stresses in maize 8-10 December 2015, Islamabad 1. What is Bt? Outline 2. How does Bt work

More information

TOPIC BIOTECHNOLOGY

TOPIC BIOTECHNOLOGY TOPIC 3.5 - BIOTECHNOLOGY 3.5 A Techniques & Profiling IB BIO 3.5 3 Understandings U1: Gel electrophoresis is used to separate proteins or fragments of DNA according to size. Gel electrophoresis is a technique

More information

Gene$cally Modified Organisms. Image:

Gene$cally Modified Organisms. Image: Gene$cally Modified Organisms Image: www.ars.usda.gov What is a GMO? "gene$cally modified organism (GMO)" an organism in which the gene$c material, usually DNA, has been altered in a way that does not occur

More information

Do we really need GMOs, gene editing and other new technologies?

Do we really need GMOs, gene editing and other new technologies? Do we really need GMOs, gene editing and other new technologies? Peter Goldsbrough Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue University goldsbrough@purdue.edu Why I am interested in GMOs and agricultural

More information

13-1 Changing the Living World

13-1 Changing the Living World 13-1 Changing the Living World In the past, variation was limited to the variations already in nature or random variations that resulted from mutations. Now, scientists can change DNA and swap genes from

More information

Muhammad Musa, Ph.D. Senior Program Specialist (Crops) SAARC Agriculture Centre, Dhaka Bangladesh

Muhammad Musa, Ph.D. Senior Program Specialist (Crops) SAARC Agriculture Centre, Dhaka Bangladesh Agriculture Centre SAARC Muhammad Musa, Ph.D. Senior Program Specialist (Crops), Dhaka Bangladesh Challenges Food production situation in South Asia population vis-à-vis production levels Poverty (37%)

More information

HOW OUR FOOD IS GROWN

HOW OUR FOOD IS GROWN OPEN TO YOUR QUESTIONS ABOUT HOW OUR FOOD IS GROWN Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are a major topic of discussion today. Across our society, media and the Internet, a growing number of people have

More information

Study-IQ education

Study-IQ education Science & Tech Target- 2018 (Series-7) BIOTECHNOLOGY By Dr. Ravi P. Agrahari - Scientist in IIT Delhi - Author of Mc Graw Hill Publication for Science & Technology - last 17 years teaching experience for

More information

Researchers use genetic engineering to manipulate DNA.

Researchers use genetic engineering to manipulate DNA. Section 2: Researchers use genetic engineering to manipulate DNA. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the different tools and processes used in genetic

More information

Basic Concepts and History of Genetic Engineering. Mitesh Shrestha

Basic Concepts and History of Genetic Engineering. Mitesh Shrestha Basic Concepts and History of Genetic Engineering Mitesh Shrestha Genetic Engineering AKA gene manipulation, gene cloning, recombinant DNA technology, genetic modification, and the new genetics. A technique

More information

One herbicide works by preventing the activity of an enzyme. Some bacteria have a form of this enzyme that is not affected by the herbicide.

One herbicide works by preventing the activity of an enzyme. Some bacteria have a form of this enzyme that is not affected by the herbicide. 1 Genetic engineering can be used to produce plants that are resistant to herbicide. One herbicide works by preventing the activity of an enzyme. Some bacteria have a form of this enzyme that is not affected

More information

GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS. Maria Teresa Paramio. UAB.

GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS. Maria Teresa Paramio. UAB. GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS. Maria Teresa Paramio. UAB. DEFINITION Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not

More information

The 21. Century The Century of Plant Breeding Meeting the future by plant breeding. Peter Stamp

The 21. Century The Century of Plant Breeding Meeting the future by plant breeding. Peter Stamp The 21. Century The Century of Plant Breeding Meeting the future by plant breeding Peter Stamp Research Station Zurich 2 Structure Food security Plant breeding Outlook 3 Food Situation Today on our Planet

More information

Biotechnology and DNA Technology

Biotechnology and DNA Technology 11/27/2017 PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College CHAPTER 9 Biotechnology and DNA Technology Introduction to Biotechnology Learning Objectives Compare

More information

Genetically Modified Organisms. The Pros and Cons of GMOs

Genetically Modified Organisms. The Pros and Cons of GMOs Genetically Modified Organisms The Pros and Cons of GMOs Genetic Engineering Genetic recombination: Taking genes from one organism and inserting them into another. Transgenics: Organisms containing genes

More information

Research Advances in the Development of Transgenic and Gene Edited Products in Sri Lanka

Research Advances in the Development of Transgenic and Gene Edited Products in Sri Lanka Research Advances in the Development of Transgenic and Gene Edited Products in Sri Lanka Dr. Pradeepa C.G. Bandaranayake Director, Agricultural Biotechnology Centre Faculty of Agriculture University of

More information

What does the person being interviewed want to create?

What does the person being interviewed want to create? What does the person being interviewed want to create? Daan Roosegaarde Interview about creating glowing plants https://vimeo.com/89651857 What does BIO= Life TECHNOLOGY= The real life use/ application

More information

Name AP Biology Mrs. Laux Take home test #11 on Chapters 14, 15, and 17 DUE: MONDAY, DECEMBER 21, 2009

Name AP Biology Mrs. Laux Take home test #11 on Chapters 14, 15, and 17 DUE: MONDAY, DECEMBER 21, 2009 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Inducible genes are usually actively transcribed when: A. the molecule degraded by the enzyme(s) is present in the cell. B. repressor molecules bind to the promoter. C. lactose

More information

CROP PRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: Successes and Challenges SUMMARY

CROP PRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: Successes and Challenges SUMMARY CROP PRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: Successes and Challenges SUMMARY Background Different scientists have defined the term biotechnology. These definitions reflect the particular perspective of the scientists.

More information

Revision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10

Revision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10 Revision Based on Chapter 15 Grade 10 Biology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following has the disadvantage of possibly bringing

More information

Biosc10 schedule reminders

Biosc10 schedule reminders Biosc10 schedule reminders Review of molecular biology basics DNA Is each person s DNA the same, or unique? What does DNA look like? What are the three parts of each DNA nucleotide Which DNA bases pair,

More information

Chapter 12. DNA Technology. Lectures by Edward J. Zalisko

Chapter 12. DNA Technology. Lectures by Edward J. Zalisko Chapter 12 DNA Technology PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Essential Biology, Fifth Edition, and Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Fourth Edition Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, and Jane B. Reece

More information

STUDY GUIDE ARE GMOS GOOD OR BAD? KEY TERMS: genes DNA genetically-modified

STUDY GUIDE ARE GMOS GOOD OR BAD? KEY TERMS: genes DNA genetically-modified STUDY GUIDE ARE GMOS GOOD OR BAD? KEY TERMS: NOTE-TAKING COLUMN: Complete this section during the video. Include definitions and key terms. genes DNA genetically-modified seeds Monsanto How long have humans

More information

Genetic Engineering 1 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012

Genetic Engineering 1 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 Genetic Engineering 1 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 2 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 What is genetic engineering? 3 of 27 Boardworks Ltd 2012 DNA of living organisms can be modified by the insertion or removal

More information

PLT 302. Technology Innovations in Agriculture. David W. Still 8 February 2012

PLT 302. Technology Innovations in Agriculture. David W. Still 8 February 2012 PLT 302 Technology Innovations in Agriculture David W. Still dwstill@csupmomona.edu 8 February 2012 The most difficult subjects can be explained to the most slow- witted man if he has not formed any idea

More information

Recombinant DNA Technology. The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology. yeast. Biotechnology. Recombinant DNA technology.

Recombinant DNA Technology. The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology. yeast. Biotechnology. Recombinant DNA technology. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 8 Recombinant DNA Technology The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology Biotechnology?

More information

CHAPTER12: BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER12: BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS CHAPTER12: BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS ONE MARK QUESTIONS AND ANSWER. 1) Which soil bacteria produces Bt-toxins? Ans.Bacillus thuringiensis 2) Bt toxins produced in Bacillus thuringiensis is not

More information

Biotechnology. DNA Cloning Finding Needles in Haystacks. DNA Sequencing. Genetic Engineering. Gene Therapy

Biotechnology. DNA Cloning Finding Needles in Haystacks. DNA Sequencing. Genetic Engineering. Gene Therapy Biotechnology DNA Cloning Finding Needles in Haystacks DNA Sequencing Genetic Engineering Gene Therapy What is DNA Cloning? Set of methods that uses live cells to make many identical copies of a DNA fragment

More information

DBT-AAU CENTRE. Assam Agricultural University Jorhat

DBT-AAU CENTRE. Assam Agricultural University Jorhat DBT-AAU CENTRE Assam Agricultural University Jorhat Concept & Design Prof. Bidyut Kumar Sarmah Dr. Sumita Acharjee Dr. Basanta Kumar Borah Mr. Surajit Kumar Mishra Published by DBT-AAU Centre Assam Agricultural

More information

Plant Breeding as an integral part of Sustainable Agriculture

Plant Breeding as an integral part of Sustainable Agriculture 2 Plant Breeding as an integral part of Sustainable Agriculture Dr. Dirk Zimmermann Sustainable Agriculture Campaigner Greenpeace Germany International Cotton Conference, Bremen, 17.03.2016 dirk.zimmermann@greenpeace.de

More information

Lab 10: Exploring GMOs

Lab 10: Exploring GMOs Lab 10: Exploring GMOs Notebook Lab Objectives To understand how genetic engineering supplements traditional methods of plant breeding to generate new traits in crop plants To understand how changing the

More information

MCDB 1041 Class 27. Making recombinant DNA and using it

MCDB 1041 Class 27. Making recombinant DNA and using it MCDB 1041 Class 27 Making recombinant DNA and using it Learning Goals Explain why and how bacteria can be easily used to make copies of human DNA. Compare the two methods for making lots of copies of DNA:

More information

Future (of) GM feed ingredients for livestock

Future (of) GM feed ingredients for livestock Future (of) GM feed ingredients for livestock Drivers for GM products in feeds 1. Agronomic traits providing increased yield or efficiency Pest resistance Stress resistance Herbicide tolerance 2. Non-food

More information

Biotechnology. Chapter 13

Biotechnology. Chapter 13 Biotechnology Chapter 13 Genetic Changes Humans have been changing the genetics of other species for thousands of years Artificial selection of plants and animals Tomato plants look nothing like their

More information

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator Foxit Software For evaluation only. Biotechnology in Plant Pathology

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator Foxit Software  For evaluation only. Biotechnology in Plant Pathology Biotechnology in Plant Pathology Plant Biotechnology Definition: The use of tissue culture & genetic engineering techniques to produce genetically modified plants that show improved desirable characteristics.

More information

The Health Risks of GM Foods: Summary and Debate

The Health Risks of GM Foods: Summary and Debate The Health Risks of GM Foods: Summary and Debate This section summarizes the health risks of genetically modified foods and serves as a forum for a global discussion and debate. It is organized around

More information

Refresher on gene expression - DNA: The stuff of life

Refresher on gene expression - DNA: The stuff of life Plant Pathology 602 Plant-Microbe Interactions Lecture 2 Molecular methods for studying hostpathogen interactions I Sophien Kamoun kamoun.1@osu.edu The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research

More information

Potential impact of crop diversification and biotechnological inventions on the use of micronutrients

Potential impact of crop diversification and biotechnological inventions on the use of micronutrients Potential impact of crop diversification and biotechnological inventions on the use of micronutrients Hillel Magen & Patricia Imas, ICL Fertilizers. Prophecy was given to fools = no more prophets available,

More information

Name: Period: Date: 2) The procedures are often referred to as. 3) is the genetic material of all living organisms.

Name: Period: Date: 2) The procedures are often referred to as. 3) is the genetic material of all living organisms. Name: Period: Date: I. Selective Breeding 1) = The process by which desired traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generations. Breed only those plants or animals

More information

WHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY?

WHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY? WHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY? http://www.accessexcellence.org/rc/ab/bc/ Coined in 1919 by Karl Ereky, an Hungarian engineer Defined as: All the lines of work by which products are produced from raw materials

More information

Genetic Engineering in Agriculture

Genetic Engineering in Agriculture Details Utah State University Engineering in This is a project resulting from the Engineering Workshop for Teachers to provide teaching materials for genetic engineering topics. Please direct any feedback

More information

Chapter 11: Applications of Biotechnology

Chapter 11: Applications of Biotechnology Chapter 11: Applications of Biotechnology Lecture Outline Enger, E. D., Ross, F. C., & Bailey, D. B. (2012). Concepts in biology (14th ed.). New York: McGraw- Hill. 11-1 Why Biotechnology Works 11-2 Biotechnology

More information

Lectures 28 and 29 applications of recombinant technology I. Manipulate gene of interest

Lectures 28 and 29 applications of recombinant technology I. Manipulate gene of interest Lectures 28 and 29 applications of recombinant technology I. Manipulate gene of interest C A. site-directed mutagenesis A C A T A DNA B. in vitro mutagenesis by PCR T A 1. anneal primer 1 C A 1. fill in

More information

GMO Crops, Trade Wars, and a New Site Specific Mutagensis System. A. Lawrence Christy, Ph.D.

GMO Crops, Trade Wars, and a New Site Specific Mutagensis System. A. Lawrence Christy, Ph.D. GMO Crops, Trade Wars, and a New Site Specific Mutagensis System A. Lawrence Christy, Ph.D. Background PhD in Plant Physiology from Ohio State University 12 years with Monsanto R&D in PGR s and herbicides

More information

Biosafety Issues and Bt cotton A case study. O. P. GOVILA Retd. Professor Genetics IARI

Biosafety Issues and Bt cotton A case study. O. P. GOVILA Retd. Professor Genetics IARI Biosafety Issues and Bt cotton A case study O. P. GOVILA Retd. Professor Genetics IARI Introduction Classical plant breeding is limited to the introduction of required characters into plant by genetic

More information

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Magna Wellness Team

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Magna Wellness Team Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Magna Wellness Team Pop Quiz! What is a GMO? Pop Quiz! What is a GMO? A Genetically Modified Organism What does that mean? An organism, such as a plant, animal or

More information

Chemical treatments cause cells and nuclei to burst The DNA is inherently sticky, and can be pulled out of the mixture This is called spooling DNA

Chemical treatments cause cells and nuclei to burst The DNA is inherently sticky, and can be pulled out of the mixture This is called spooling DNA DNA Technology 1 2 DNA Extraction Chemical treatments cause cells and nuclei to burst The DNA is inherently sticky, and can be pulled out of the mixture This is called spooling DNA Spooled DNA 3 4 Cutting

More information

Genetics and Biotechnology 13.2 DNA Technology

Genetics and Biotechnology 13.2 DNA Technology Biotechnology Genetic Engineering Technology that involves manipulating the DNA of one organism in order to insert the DNA of another organism An electric current is used to separate DNA fragments according

More information

Biosafety Issues and Risk Assessment in Transgenic Crops

Biosafety Issues and Risk Assessment in Transgenic Crops Biosafety Issues and Risk Assessment in Transgenic Crops K.C. Bansal National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi 110 012 kailashbansal@hotmail.com Biotechnology

More information

Chapter 10: Agriculture, Biotechnology, & the Future of Food

Chapter 10: Agriculture, Biotechnology, & the Future of Food Chapter 10: Agriculture, Biotechnology, & the Future of Food Terms to know: Genetically engineered crops Transgenic plants Overnutrition Green Revolution Biocontrol Integrated pest management (IPM) Selective

More information

Wisconsin Briefs. from the Legislative Reference Bureau GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS. Brief December 2012

Wisconsin Briefs. from the Legislative Reference Bureau GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS. Brief December 2012 Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau Wisconsin Briefs from the Legislative Reference Bureau Brief 12-10 December 2012 GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS INTRODUCTION The development of genetically modified (GM)

More information

From Discovery to Commercialization: The Journey of Biotech Crops

From Discovery to Commercialization: The Journey of Biotech Crops From Discovery to Commercialization: The Journey of Biotech Crops Ben Yorke October 24, 2016 1 Who Am I? Missouri native Indiana transplant SLU Grad (Chemistry) Bolivian Volunteer Monsanto (future Bayer)

More information

Dr Umi Kalsom Abu Bakar & Dr Chubashini Suntharalingam Malaysian Agricultural Research And Developement Institute (MARDI)

Dr Umi Kalsom Abu Bakar & Dr Chubashini Suntharalingam Malaysian Agricultural Research And Developement Institute (MARDI) Bio Borneo 2015 Conference and Exhibition 20-21 April 2015 Kota.Kinabalu, Sabah Dr Umi Kalsom Abu Bakar & Dr Chubashini Suntharalingam Malaysian Agricultural Research And Developement Institute (MARDI)

More information