Combining ability analysis for yield and quality traits in indigenous aromatic rice

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1 Oyza Vol. 49. No. 4, 2012 ( ) Combining ability analysis fo yield and quality taits in indigenous aomatic ice A K Sivastava*, H K Jaiswal and R K Agawal Institute of Agicultual Sciences, Banaas Hindu Univesity, Vaanasi , Utta Padesh ABSTRACT Combining ability analysis fo ten yield and thee gain quality taits was made among 48 cosses geneated in a line x teste (L x T) fashion with 12 indigenous aomatic lines and 4 testes. The LxT inteaction was significant fo all the taits unde study. The magnitude of specific combining ability vaiances was highe than that of geneal combining ability vaiance fo all the taits unde study indicating a majo ole of non-additive gene effect in contolling these taits. The lines Juhi Bengal 21, Jeea Battis, Kalanamak 6, Kalanamak 11 and Kalanamak 2 wee found to be good geneal combines fo gain yield and elated taits. Among best cosses showing high sca fo gain yield plant -1, the coss BPT 5204 x Jeea Battis involves paents with good geneal combining ability fo yield. The cosses BPT 5204 x Adamchini and Jaya x Kalanamak 11 involved paents with high x low geneal combining ability.. Key wods: combining ability, aomatic ice, yield, gain quality Membes Copy, Not fo Commecial Sale Downloaded Fom IP on dated 9-Dec-2013 India is bestowed with a geat teasue of indigenous aomatic shot gain cultivas which compae equally with basmati ice as fa as aoma and cooking qualities ae concened. Howeve, these possess medium to shot gains which makes them a class apat fom the long gained basmati vaieties. Change in income level and self-sufficiency including ice availability fo consumption has bought a shift in the consume as well as maket pefeences fo bette ice gain quality. As good gain quality fetches highe etuns to the fames, it has now become impeative to incopoate quality featues in desiable ange into the conventionally bed vaieties as well as in the hybids fo thei adoption. To compete with basmati ice in maket, the yield level of the aomatic shot gain ice vaieties need to be impoved keeping the desiable quality taits intact. With focus being on impovement of long gain Basmati ice, few epots on gemplasm evaluation, genetics of quality taits ae available on indigenous aomatic ice (Singh et al., 1996). It is high time that effots should be focussed on the impovement of indigenous aomatic ice fo getting a pemium pice in domestic as well as global maket. The pesent study was undetaken to study the combining ability and genetics of yield, and gain quality taits in indigenous aomatic ice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mateial fo the pesent study compised of 12 indigenous aomatic shot gain genotypes accessions viz., Kalanamak 2, Kalanamak 5, Kalanamak 6, Kalanamak 11, Jeea Battis, Juhi Bengal 21, Juhi Bengal 23, Basmati Local 73, Badshahbhog, Katani, Adamchini and Kanakjeea 28 cossed with fou popula vaieties viz., Jaya, Sajoo 52, HUR 105 and BPT 5204 in a line x teste fashion. The 48 line x teste cosses thus made wee sown along with thei paents in a Compact Family Randomized Block Design with 3 eplications fo 2 consecutive yeas (2006 and 2007) following a spacing of 15 x 20 cm within and between ows. Each enty was tansplanted in 3 ows, each being 5 m in length. All the ecommended agonomic pactices wee followed. Obsevations wee ecoded on ten yield taits viz., days to 50% floweing (DTF), days to matuity (DTM), plant height (PH), flag leaf length (FLL), main panicle length (MPL), numbe of panicle plant -1 (PBT), numbe of gains panicle -1 (G/PAN), spikelet fetility (SF), 100-gain weight (100 GW), yield plant -1 (Y/P), 251

2 Combining ability analysis in aomatic ice A K Sivastava et. al Membes Copy, Not fo Commecial Sale Downloaded Fom IP on dated 9-Dec-2013 and thee gain quality taits viz, bown ice length (BRL), bown ice beadth (BRB) and bown ice L/B atio (BRL/B). Combining ability analysis was done following the method outlined by Kempthone (1957). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The analysis of vaiance fo combining ability evealed significant vaiance due to paents fo all the taits unde study (Table 1). The vaiance due to lines was significant fo all the taits except panicles plant -1 while it was non-significant fo all the taits except days to 50% floweing, main panicle length and yield plant -1 fo testes. This indicated sufficient vaiability among the genotypes fo the taits unde study. Futhe, LxT inteaction was significant fo all the taits unde study. The magnitude of specific combining ability vaiances was highe than that of geneal combining ability vaiance indicating majo ole of non-additive gene effect in contolling these taits. Impotance of nonadditive gene action in govening yield and yield components have been epoted by ealie wokes (Ramalingam et al., 1993, Babu et al., 2000, Satyanaayana et.al., 2000, Kuma and Singh, 2004, Panwa, 2005, Venkatesan et al., 2007). The lines Juhi Bengal 21, Jeea Battis, Kalanamak 6, Kalanamak 11 and Kalanamak 2 wee found to be good geneal combines fo gain yield (Table 2) among all the lines. In geneal, these lines wee also good geneal combines fo othe yield components. Juhi Bengal 21 combined well fo flag leaf length, gains panicle -1, spikelet fetility and bown ice beadth while Jeea Battis combined well fo days to 50% floweing, days to matuity, gains panicle -1 and spikelet fetility. Kalanamak 6 was a good geneal combine fo days to 50% floweing, days to matuity, main panicle length, flag leaf length, spikelet fetility, 100-gain weight, bown ice length and bown ice L/ B while Kalanamak 11 combined well fo days to 50% floweing, days to matuity, numbe of panicles plant -1, plant height, gains panicle -1, 100-gain weight, bown ice length and bown ice L/B. Futhe, some lines showed bette combining ability fo some yield components but did not combine well fo yield plant -1. e.g. Kalanamak 5 combined well fo days to 50% floweing, days to matuity, numbe of panicles plant -1, plant height, 100-gain weight, bown ice length and bown ice L/B; Juhi Bengal 23 fo flag leaf length, Table 1. Analysis of Vaiance fo Line x Teste analysis in indigenous aomatic ice (pooled ove two yeas) Souce d.f. DTF DTM PBT PH MPL FLL G/PAN SF 100GW Y/P BRL BRB BRL/B Replications ** * 7.63* ** 0.01 Teatments ** ** 10.14** ** 20.94** 86.46** ** ** 0.59** ** 1.66** 0.14** 0.44** Paents ** ** 11.56** ** 43.68** ** ** 46.46** 0.92** ** 2.94** 0.22* 0.69** Cosses ** 31.16** 9.75** ** 12.49** 41.98** ** ** 0.38** ** 1.28** 0.11** 0.37** Paents vs Cosses ** ** 7.39** ** 77.02** ** * ** 5.24** 24.39** 0.69** 0.10** 0.01 Lines ** 57.11* ** 19.53* 76.85* ** ** 0.75** ** 2.27* 0.23** 0.60* Testes ** * * Lines vs Testes ** 23.08** 9.79** ** 8.51** 30.66** ** ** 0.27** 66.28** 1.03** 0.08** 0.30** Eo Va gca Va sca *,** Significant at P=0.05 and 0.01 espectively. DTF = days to 50% floweing, DTM = days to matuity, PBT= no. of panicles/plant, PH = plant height, MPL = main panicle length, FLL = flag leaf length, G/PAN = numbe of gains/ panicle, SF = spikelet fetility (%), 100 GW = gain weight, Y/P = yield/plant, BRL = bown ice length, BRB = bown ice beadth and BRL/B = bown ice L/B atio = BRL/B. 252

3 Oyza Vol. 49. No. 4, 2012 ( ) Membes Copy, Not fo Commecial Sale Downloaded Fom IP on dated 9-Dec-2013 Table 2. Geneal Combining Ability (gca) effects of 16 ice vaieties (Lines and testes) in indigenous aomatic ice. Lines DTF DTM PBT PH MPL FLL G/PAN SF 100GW Y/P BRL BRB BRL/B Kalanamak ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 0.178** ** 0.338** 0.066** 0.096** Juhi Bengal ** 0.951** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Juhi Bengal ** ** 0.481* ** ** 0.220** ** 0.107** 0.153** ** Kanakjeea ** ** 0.385* 2.504* ** ** 0.209** ** 0.161** 0.195** ** Jeea Battis ** * 6.100** * ** ** ** 6.288** ** ** Kalanamak ** ** ** ** 2.228** 2.215** ** ** 0.314** 5.698** 0.473** 0.050** 0.151** Kalanamak ** ** 0.831** ** ** ** 0.190** 1.596** 0.458** 0.115** 0.069** Kalanamak ** 3.326** ** 3.858** ** ** ** ** ** 3.555** ** ** 0.110** Basmati Local ** 1.243** ** ** ** ** ** 0.475** ** 0.519** Badshahbhog 0.944** ** 3.098** ** 0.048** ** ** ** Katani 2.569** 2.201** ** 0.957** 1.452* ** ** 0.089** Adamchini 1.528** 2.993** 0.881** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** SE gca (Lines) Testes Jaya ** ** ** 0.792** ** 0.085** ** 0.142** ** 0.112** Sajoo ** 0.660** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 0.053** ** HUR ** ** ** 0.422* ** ** 0.038** 0.798** ** ** BPT ** * ** ** ** ** ** 3.142** ** ** 0.043** SE gca (Testes) *,** Significant at P=0.05 and 0.01 espectively. 253

4 Combining ability analysis in aomatic ice A K Sivastava et. al Membes Copy, Not fo Commecial Sale Downloaded Fom IP on dated 9-Dec-2013 spikelet fetility (%), 100-gain weight and bown ice length; Kanakjeea 28 fo days to 50% floweing, days to matuity, numbe of panicles plant -1, gains panicle -1, 100-gain weight and bown ice length; Basmati Local 73 fo plant height, 100-gain weight, bown ice length, bown ice beadth and bown ice L/B; Badshahbhog fo main panicle length, flag leaf length and 100-gain weight; Katani fo main panicle length, flag leaf length and bown ice length and Adamchini fo numbe of panicles plant -1, 100-gain weight and bown ice beadth. This may be due to the negative coelation between diffeent yield components leading to cancellation of the desiable effects and hence poo combining ability fo gain yield. The specific combining ability effects among 48 cosses (12x4) fo 13 yield and quality taits (Table 3). Maximum desiable sca effect fo days to floweing was exhibited by coss Sajoo 52 x Juhi Bengal 21. The coss Jaya x Kalanamak 2 exhibited the highest negative value among 15 cosses that showed desiable negative specific combining ability fo days to matuity. The coss HUR 105 x Kalanamak 11 showed maximum significant negative specific combining ability value fo plant height. Fo numbe of panicles plant -1, the coss Jaya x Kalanamak 11 showed highest positive specific combining ability. The coss Jaya x Jeea Battis showed the maximum positive specific combining ability fo main panicle length. Fo flag leaf length, the coss BPT 5204 x Badshahbhog, showed maximum positive specific combining ability. Maximum positive specific combining ability was exhibited by the coss BPT 5204 x Jeea Battis fo numbe of gains panicle -1. Fo spikelet fetility, maximum positive specific combining ability was exhibited by the coss BPT 5204 x Adamchini. The coss HUR 105 x Juhi Bengal 23 showed maximum positive specific combining ability fo 100-gain weight. 19 cosses exhibited significant positive specific combining ability fo yield plant -1 with the coss BPT 5204 x Jeea Battis showing the highest value. The coss Jaya x Basmati Local 73 exhibited highest positive specific combining ability fo bown ice length. The coss BPT 5204 x Juhi Bengal 23 showed maximum negative specific combining ability fo bown ice beadth. The maximum positive specific combining ability fo bown ice L/B was shown by the coss Jaya x Basmati Local 73. The study of sca effects of cosses in elation to gca effects of paents (Table 4) showed that almost all types of sca effects wee obtained fom any kind of combination of gca effects and hence sca effects of cosses was independent of gca effects of paents involved in the cosses. E.g. the cosses BPT 5204 x Jeea Battis, BPT 5204 x Adamchini and Jaya x Kalanamak 11 showed high sca fo gain yield plant -1. Out of these BPT 5204, Jeea Battis and Kalanamak 11 ae good geneal combines fo gain yield while othe two lines ae poo combines. The manifestation of high, low o non-significant sca effects by any sot of combination among the paents might be due to diffeential expession of component taits in specific esidual genetic backgounds. As the yield components ae coelated eithe positively o negatively, it is usual to find fo a paticula paent, gca in the desiable diection fo some taits and in the undesiable diection fo othes. Theefoe establishing the status of a paent with espect to gca ove a numbe of component chaactes assumes impotance. The cosses showing high sca involving good geneal combines (high x high gca) ae expected to thow some useful tansgessive segegants in the beeding pogamme fo pedigee method of selection. Howeve, in cosses having high sca with high x low combining paents, the high yield potential is attibuted to inteaction between positive alleles fom good combines and negative alleles fom poo combines (Dubey et al., 1975). The high yield fom such cosses would be unfixable in late geneations, while heteosis involved in high x high gca combines would involve inteaction between positive x positive alleles and can be fixed in the subsequent geneations if no epulsion phase linkage is involved (Singh et al., 1971). The supeioity of cosses involving low x low gca paents can be attibuted to ovedominance and epistasis (Rahman et al., 1981). In the pesent study, the lines Juhi Bengal 21, Jeea Battis, Kalanamak 6, Kalanamak 11 and Kalanamak 2 wee found to be good geneal combines fo gain yield and elated taits. These can be utilized in hybidization pogammes fo obtaining desiable pogenies. The coss BPT 5204 x Jeea Battis involves paents with good geneal combining ability fo yield. Pedigee method of selection can be followed in this coss to identify some useful tansgessive segegants 254

5 Oyza Vol. 49. No. 4, 2012 ( ) Membes Copy, Not fo Commecial Sale Downloaded Fom IP on dated 9-Dec-2013 Table 3. Specific Combining Ability (sca) effects of 48 cosses in indigenous aomatic ice Cosses DTF DTM PBT PH MPL FLL G/PAN SF 100GW Y/P BRL BRB BRL/B Jaya x Kalanamak ** 2.13** ** -2.24** -4.71** ** ** 0.08** -2.93** 0.18** Jaya x Juhi Bengal ** -1.59** 9.36** 2.29** -4.53** 24.41** 17.64** 0.12** ** 0.18** -0.38** Jaya x Juhi Bengal ** -1.62** ** -0.62** 4.48** -0.78** -0.22** -0.13** Jaya x Kanakjeea ** ** -0.14** ** 0.05** 0.01 Jaya x Jeea Battis ** ** ** -6.32** -0.32** 2.23** Jaya x Kalanamak * ** ** 0.16** ** Jaya x Kalanamak ** 7.95** ** 0.35** 6.38** 0.20** 0.27** -0.22** Jaya x Kalanamak * -4.45** ** ** -3.43** -0.13** -2.66** -0.48** ** Jaya x Basmati Local * -1.98** ** 29.40** 14.92** 0.29** ** -0.07** 0.69** Jaya x Badshahbhog 2.11** ** * ** 0.11** -4.73** -0.16** -0.25** 0.22** Jaya x Katani -1.51** -3.66** * ** 24.99** ** 4.78** 0.46** ** Jaya x Adamchini -1.13* ** -0.06** -4.85** -0.43** ** Sajoo 52 x Kalanamak ** 0.28** 2.86** 0.26** 0.11** Sajoo 52 x Juhi Bengal ** -1.95** -0.75* ** -0.06** 4.57** -0.08* ** Sajoo 52 x Juhi Bengal ** 2.88** ** ** -0.54** -6.83** -0.62** 0.09** -0.32** Sajoo 52 x Kanakjeea ** 2.34** ** 15.82** 24.47** 0.26** 2.64** 0.56** ** Sajoo 52 x Jeea Battis 1.11* ** ** ** 10.84** 0.21** -6.12** 0.57** -0.04* 0.31** Sajoo 52 x Kalanamak ** -3.74** 0.98** ** 4.94** 20.39** ** -0.11** ** 0.10** -0.34** Sajoo 52 x Kalanamak ** -1.71** 5.93** -1.40* ** ** 0.10** -0.08** 0.13** Sajoo 52 x Kalanamak ** 5.07** -0.11** 2.09* -0.15** -0.05* Sajoo 52 x Basmati Local ** ** ** ** ** -0.11** -0.12** Sajoo 52 x Badshahbhog ** ** ** -0.13** 4.43** -0.12** ** Sajoo 52 x Katani 1.31** 4.13** 1.38** -4.44* -3.06** -3.79** ** 22.01** 0.06** 5.19** 0.60** ** Sajoo 52 x Adamchini -3.63** -1.49* ** 2.23** 2.93* 35.95** ** 0.21** -4.78** *,** Significant at P=0.05 and 0.01 espectively. Table 3. Continued.. 255

6 Combining ability analysis in aomatic ice A K Sivastava et. al Membes Copy, Not fo Commecial Sale Downloaded Fom IP on dated 9-Dec-2013 Table 3. contd. Cosses DTF DTM PBT PH MPL FLL G/PAN SF 100GW Y/P BRL BRB BRL/B HUR 105 x Kalanamak ** ** 12.61** 2.20** 4.89** 63.22** ** -1.74* -0.47** 0.19** -0.41** HUR 105 xjuhi Bengal ** 1.61* 3.25** * 2.93* ** ** 0.26** -4.19** 0.79** 0.12** 0.21** HUR 105 xjuhi Bengal ** -1.88** 2.48** ** ** 0.63** 2.69** 0.88** 0.20** 0.15** HUR 105 xkanakjeea ** -4.25** * -3.72** 12.48* ** -0.16** -5.41** -0.48** 0.05* -0.23** HUR 105 xjeea Battis 2.75** ** ** ** -2.64** ** 0.08** HUR 105 x Kalanamak * -1.84** ** 0.06** 6.15** 0.08* -0.16** 0.23** HUR 105 x Kalanamak ** ** * ** -0.06** 3.58** 0.72** * 0.56** HUR 105 x Kalanamak * 3.24** ** 4.49** -0.09** HUR 105 x Basmati Local ** -1.16** -4.52* 1.98** * -0.26** 3.16** -0.73** -0.05** -0.32** HUR 105 x Badshahbhog 1.25** ** 11.18** -0.17** ** ** HUR 105 x Katani ** -0.80* 5.96** * ** -0.51** ** HUR 105 x Adamchini 1.83** ** 8.58** -2.12** -3.49** ** 20.13** -0.25** 3.24** BPT 5204 x Kalanamak * ** ** 3.67** -0.28** 1.82* ** 0.39** BPT 5204 x Juhi Bengal ** -0.91* ** -1.31* ** ** -0.33** 0.25** BPT 5204 x Juhi Bengal ** -4.09** -1.15** ** 0.54** ** -0.07** 0.29** BPT 5204 x Kanakjeea * 2.20** ** ** 5.39** 0.04* 4.15** -0.28** -0.08** BPT 5204 x Jeea Battis -3.47** -1.38* -0.97** * ** -2.87* ** -0.55** 0.10** -0.36** BPT 5204 x Kalanamak ** 4.78** -2.60** ** ** 16.06** -0.11** -4.41** 0.33** 0.05** 0.07* BPT 5204 x Kalanamak ** 14.79** ** -0.30** -6.95** -1.03** ** BPT 5204 x Kalanamak ** 0.34** ** 0.04* 0.29** BPT 5204 x Basmati Local732.28** ** 4.11* * ** 0.05** -3.54** 0.20** 0.24** -0.24** BPT 5204 x Badshahbhog -3.30** -2.54** * ** * -8.19** 0.18** ** 0.24** BPT 5204 x Katani ** ** ** ** -0.24** -5.11** -0.55** 0.05** -0.32** BPT 5204 x Adamchini 2.94** 1.36* 1.99** ** 34.74** 0.10** 6.39** 0.41** ** SE SCA *,** Significant at P=0.05 and 0.01 espectively 256

7 Oyza Vol. 49. No. 4, 2012 ( ) Table 4. Top thee Geneal and specific combines fo diffeent yield and quality chaactes. Membes Copy, Not fo Commecial Sale Downloaded Fom IP on dated 9-Dec-2013 Chaactes Best geneal combines Best Specific combines Days to 50% Floweing Kanakjeea 28, Kalanamak 5, Kalanamak 11 Sajoo 52 X Juhi Bengal 21, Sajoo 52 X Adamchini, BPT 5204 X Jeea Battis Days to Matuity Kanakjeea 28, Jeea Battis, Kalanamak 6 Jaya X Kalanamak 2, HUR 105 X Kanakjeea 28, BPT 5204 X Juhi Bengal 23 No. of Panicles/ Plant Kalanamak 5, Adamchini, Kalanamak 11 Jaya X Kalanamak 11, BPT 5204 X Basmati Local 73, HUR 105 X Juhi Bengal 21 Plant Height (cm) Kalanamak 5, Basmati Local 73, Kalanamak 11 HUR-105 X Kalanamak 11, BPT 5204 X Juhi Bengal 21, Jaya X Kalanamak 5 Main Panicle Length (cm) Kalanamak 6, Badshahbhog, Katani Jaya X Jeea Battis, Sajoo 52 X Kalanamak 6, Jaya X Juhi Bengal 21 Flag Leaf Length (cm) Juhi Bengal 21, Badshahbhog, Kalanamak 6 BPT 5204 X Badshahbhog, Jaya X Basmati Local 73, Sajoo 52 X Kalanamak 6 Gains/ Panicle Juhi Bengal 21, Jeea Battis, Kalanamak 11 BPT 5204 X Jeea Battis, HUR 105 X Kalanamak 5, Sajoo 52 X Kalanamak 2 Spikelet Fetility (%) Juhi Bengal 21, Jeea Battis, Kalanamak 2 BPT 5204 X Adamchini, Jaya X Juhi Bengal 23, BPT 5204 X Juhi Bengal Gain Weight (g) Kalanamak 6, Juhi Bengal 23, Kanakjeea 28 HUR 105 X Juhi Bengal 23, BPT 5204 X Juhi Bengal 23, Jaya X Kalanamak 11 Yield/ Plant (g) Juhi Bengal 21, Jeea Battis, Kalanamak 6 BPT 5204 X Jeea Battis, BPT 5204 X Adamchini, Jaya X Kalanamak 11 Bown Rice Length (mm) Basmati Local 73, Kalanamak 6, Kalanamak 11 Jaya X Basmati Local 73, HUR 105 X Juhi Bengal 23, HUR-105 X Juhi Bengal 21 Bown Rice Beadth (mm) Kalanamak 2, Basmati Local 73, Juhi Bengal 21 BPT 5204 X Juhi Bengal 21, BPT 5204 X Kalanamak 5, Jaya X Badshahbhog Bown Rice L/B Basmati Local 73, Kalanamak 6, Kalanamak 2 Jaya X Basmati Local 73, HUR 105 X Kalanamak 11, BPT 5204 X Kalanamak 5 in late geneations. The cosses BPT 5204 x Adamchini and Jaya x Kalanamak 11 involved paents with high x low geneal combining ability. These cosses can be utilised in heteosis beeding as the impoved yield is likely to be unfixable in late geneations. REFERENCES Babu MS, Satyanaayana PV, Madhui J and Kuma RV Combining ability analysis fo identifying elite paents fo heteotic ice hybids. Oyza, 37 (1): Dubey RS Combining ability in ciga filte tobacco. Indian J. Genet., 35: Kempthone O Intoduction to genetic statistics. John Wiley and Sons, New Yok. Kuma A and Singh NK Heteosis and combining ability in hybid ice. Ann Pl Soil Res., 6: Panwa LL Line x teste analysis of combining ability in ice (Oyza sativa L.). Indian J. Genet., 65 (1): Rahman M, Patway AK and Miah AJ Combining ability in ice. Indian J. Agic. Sci., 51: Ramalingam J, Vivekanandan P and Vanniaajan C Combining ability analysis in lowland ealy ice. Cop Res., 6 (2): Satyanaayana PV, Reddy MSS, Kuma I and Madhui J Combining ability studies fo yield and yield components in ice. Oyza, 37 (1): Singh RK, Singh VP, Shobha Rani N, Lodh SB, Naga HK and Khush GS Impovement of indigenous aomatic ices. Pape pesented at IRRI-India dialogue. Singh TH, Gupta SP and Phul PS Line x Teste analysis fo combining ability in cotton. Indian J. Genet., 31: Venkatesan M, Anbuselvam Y, Elangaimannan R and Kathikeyan P Combining ability fo yield and physical chaactes in ice. Oyza, 44:

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