Bio 101 Sample questions: Chapter 10

Transcription

1 Bio 101 Sample questions: Chapter Which of the following is NOT needed for DNA replication? A. nucleotides B. ribosomes C. Enzymes (like polymerases) D. DNA E. all of the above are needed 2 The information carried by a DNA molecule is in. A. the RNA units that make up the molecule B. the sugars and phosphates forming its backbone C. the total number of nucleotides it contains D. its amino acid sequence E. the order of the nucleotides in the molecule 3 How does RNA polymerase know where to start transcribing a gene into mrna? A. It looks for a terminator sequence. B. Transfer RNA acts to translate the message to RNA polymerase. C. The ribosome directs it to the correct portion of the DNA molecule. D. It starts at one end of the chromosome. E. It starts at a certain nucleotide sequence of the DNA called a promoter. 4 After an RNA molecule is transcribed from a eukaryotic gene, portions called are removed and the remaining are spliced together to produce an mrna molecule with a continuous coding sequence. A. exons... introns B. caps... tails C. introns... exons D. promoters... terminators E. codons... anticodons

2 5 Which one of the following is true of trnas? A. There are four types of trna. B. trnas carry special sequences known as codons. C. trnas are extremely small molecules. D. Each trna binds a particular amino acid. E. All of the above. 6 Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell? A. translation and transcription B. DNA replication C. transcription D. translation E. DNA replication and translation 7 The flow of information in a cell proceeds. A. from DNA to RNA to protein B. from RNA to protein to DNA C. from DNA to protein to RNA D. from RNA to DNA to protein E. from protein to RNA to DNA 8 A mutagen immediately causes. A. blockage of the ribosome-binding sites B. a change in the base sequence of DNA C. a reduction in the number of trna molecules available for protein synthesis D. decreased permeability of the nuclear envelope E. problems with mitosis 9 A gene is usually. A. the same thing as a chromosome B. made of protein C. the information for making a polypeptide ( a protein) D. made by a ribosome E. made of RNA

3 10. Which one of the following is NOT associated with RNA? A. uracil B. thymine C. a sugar D. phosphates E. single-strandedness 11 When messenger RNA (mrna) is being made, the RNA base always pairs with the base in DNA. A. T... G B. U... T C. A... U D. U... A E. T... A 12 The DNA code is CGT. What messenger RNA is made from this? A. CTA B. TCU C. ATU D. UCG E. GCA 13 Information is transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells in the form of. A. lipids B. sterols C. carbohydrates D. nucleic acids E. proteins 14 The number of nucleotide bases "read" together on the mrna to designate each amino acid is ; this unit is called a. A anticodon B amino acid C triose D dipeptide E codon

4 15 Which one of the following statements is true? A. Each triplet has many different meanings. B. Each gene codes for three proteins. C. Each DNA base codes for three amino acids. D. Each amino acid in a protein is coded for by three bases in the DNA. E. It takes three genes to code for one protein. 16 What is the proper order of the following events in the expression of a eukaryotic gene? 1. translation 2. RNA processing 3. transcription A. 2, 3, 1 B. 1, 2, 3 C. 2, 3, 1 D. 3, 2, 1 E. 1, 2, 3 17 Which one of the following catalyzes the linkage between nucleotides to form RNA? A. trna B. RNA ligase C. RNA D. RNA polymerase E. reverse transcriptase 18 A cell biologist found that two different proteins with largely different structures were translated from two different mrnas. These mrnas, however, were transcribed from the same gene in the cell nucleus. Which mechanism below could best account for this? A. The gene could be transcribed in different directions. B. A mutation might have altered the gene. C. Exons from the same gene could be spliced in different ways to make different mrnas. D. The two proteins have different functions in the cell. E. Different systems of DNA unpacking could result in two different mrnas.

5 19 Which one of the following statements correctly describes mrna processing in eukaryotes? A. Introns are cut out and are then spliced together at the end of the mrna. B. Introns are cut out and transported to the ribosomes. C. Exons are cut out and transported to smooth endoplasmic reticulum. D. Exons are cut out and the introns are spliced together. E. Introns are cut out and the resulting exons are spliced together. 20. In a eukaryotic cell, transcription takes place. A. on free ribosomes B. on the cell membrane C. in the cytoplasm D. in the nucleus E. in the rough endoplasmic reticulum 21 During translation in a eukaryotic cell. A. polypeptides are synthesized at ribosomes, according to instructions carried by mrna B. French cells are able to speak to German cells C. trna carries amino acid molecules to the nucleus, where they are added to a growing polypeptide chain D. ribosomes move into the nucleus E. mrna is synthesized by the bonding of free nucleotides to the bases on the template strand of DNA 22 During the process of translation, matches an mrna codon with the proper amino acid. A. messenger RNA B. DNA polymerase C. ATP D. transfer RNA E. a ribosome

6 23 How do retroviruses such as HIV differ from other viruses? A. They contain nucleic acids that code for proteins. B. They can reproduce only inside living cells. C. They contain DNA that is used as a template to make RNA. D. They contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase. E. They have much simpler reproductive cycles than other RNA viruses Set 2 Sample Questions, Chapter 12 (and viruses, too) 1) A virus that has RNA as its genetic material can use to convert information stored in RNA to information stored in DNA. A) reverse transcriptase B) DNA ligase C) a restriction enzyme D) a terminator enzyme E) RNA polymerase 2) Restriction enzymes are obtained from. A) retroviruses B) eukaryotes C) DNA viruses D) bacteria E) archaea 3) Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their. A) G:C ratio B) A:C ratio C) A:G ratio D) G:T ratio E) length 4A) Approximately what percentage of the human genome consists of noncoding DNA? A) 70% B) 80% C) 98% D) 50% E) 60%

7 4B) In recombinant DNA experiments, is used to cut pieces of DNA and joins the resulting fragments to form recombinant DNA. A. a restriction enzyme... DNA ligase B. a reverse transcriptase... a restriction enzyme C. a plasmid... DNA ligase D. DNA ligase... a restriction enzyme E. a reverse transcriptase... a plasmid 5) Which enzyme is used to "paste" DNA fragments together? A. DNA ligase B. DNA polymerase C. restriction enzyme D. transformation enzyme E. nuclease enzyme 6) An enzyme that "cuts" DNA at a specific sequence of bases is called. A. reverse transcriptase B. restriction enzyme C. RNA D. palindrome E. ligase 7) An enzyme that makes DNA from an RNA template is called. A. reverse transcriptase B. a restriction enzyme C. cdna D. a recognition sequence E. ligase 8) Electrophoresis is used to. A. separate fragments of DNA B. clone genes C. cut DNA into fragments D. match a gene with its function E. amplify small DNA samples to obtain enough for analysis

8 9)The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a useful technique because it can. A. identify genetic markers for diseases B. make a large amount of DNA from a tiny amount C. directly establish paternity (identify the father of an individual) D. isolate particular genes of interest E. manufacture large amounts of a protein 10) DNA fingerprints used as evidence in a murder trial look something like supermarket bar codes. The pattern of bars in a DNA fingerprint shows. A. the exact order of all of the bases in a particular gene B. the presence of various-size fragments of DNA C. the presence of dominant or recessive alleles for particular traits D. the order of genes along particular chromosomes E. the presence of viruses in the blood 11) In an experiment similar to the one done in lab, which of these pairs would have exactly the same DNA fragments? A. identical twins B. father and son C. mother and son D. husband and wife E. fraternal twins 12) Much of genetic engineering uses plasmids, which are. A. repeating sequences that protect DNA from digestion when it is inserted into a foreign cell B. small circles of DNA found in bacteria C. segments of RNA that must be attached to DNA before the DNA can replicate D. ends of cut DNA molecules that are "sticky" because they have unpaired base sequences E. infectious proteins

9 13. Electrophoresis is used to. A. separate fragments of DNA B. clone genes C. cut DNA into fragments D. match a gene with its function E. amplify small DNA samples to obtain enough for analysis 14. Putting a human gene into the plasmids of bacteria has enabled scientists to. A. insert the corrected gene into patients who have certain genetic disorders B. use these bacteria to mass-produce mrna for certain genes C. match DNA found at a crime scene to a suspect's DNA D. identify carriers of genetic diseases E. use bacteria as "factories" for protein products such as insulin Answers SET 1: 1. b 2. e 3. e 4. c 5. d 6. d 7. a 8. b 9. c 10. b 11. d 12. e 13. d 14. e 15. d 16. d 17. d 18. c 19. e 20. d 21. a 22. d 23. d

10 Answers to SET 2 1) A 2) D 3) E 4A) C 4B) A 5) A 6) B 7) A 8) A 9) B 10) B 11) A 12) B 13) A 14) E