The Fertility Factor, or F
|
|
- Mark Marsh
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Fertility Factor, or F Pili Contains pili genes, tra genes, replication genes, but no genes essential for cell survival or growth. Chromosome F factor 100,000 bp Closely related R factor contains multiply antibiotic resistance genes, responsible for the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria
2 F + F - Pili -(protein tubes) bring F + and F - cells together so that there can be an exchange of genetic information
3 Overview of Conjugation F + x F - F +, F + products
4
5 Genes are transferred in one direction William Hayes, 1953 A Strain A (met - thr + leu + thi + ) B streptomycin (antibiotic) kills cells slowly wash out strep. Strain B (met + thr - leu - thi - ) MIX Plate on minimal media (colonies grew)
6 F+ cells cant receive DNA. Strain B (met + thr - leu - thi - ) A B streptomycin (kills slowly) wash out strep. Strain A (met - thr + leu + thi + ) MIX Plate on minimal media (no colonies)
7 Within a population of F+ cells, approximately 1/1000-1/100,000 has an integrated F factor. There are many sites of integration scattered around the E. coli genome.
8 Origin of transfer goes back from the arrow. F+ integrated into the genome
9 F + x F - F + factor transferred at high frequency (1/3 of all F - become F + ) In 10 7 F + cells, cells with F + integrated. This represents many different integration events F + x F - yields a low frequency transfer of all genomic markers (~1/10 7 ).
10 Integrated F factor: If separated from the rest of the F+ cells, this is known as an Hfr strain. Special class of F + strains The F factor has been integrated into the bacterial chromosome at a particular site. High frequency transfer of chromosomal markers Named Hfr = high frequency of transfer. Useful for mapping genes in the bacterial chromosome
11 Transfer of the integrated F factor results in transfer of genomic markers Must be two recombinations to maintain circle. Linear piece gets degraded. Recipient cell very rarely converted to F+. Hfr a+ x F - a- Hfr a+ + F - a+
12 Bacterial Mating Hfr str s a+ x F - str r a - str r - selectable marker in F - strain (need to kill Hfr strain) a+ - selectable marker in Hfr strain exconjugants: recombine a+ marker into F - parent, so F - str r a+
13 Hfr x F - X X
14 1. Grow mixture of cells on plates that contain Streptomycin 2. Plates also contain media which selects for the a+ marker.
15 Hfr x F - summary In Hfr cells, all cells have the F integrated at the same site. These cells are all descended from a single integration event Hfr x F - yields a high frequency transfer of genomic markers located near the origin of transfer (1/10 4 ) and a very low frequency of transfer of the F factor (<1/10 7 ).
16 How can Hfr strains be used to determine the order of genes in bacteria? In any one particular Hfr strain, markers are transferred into an F- cell in a particular order. Can one measure which markers are transferred first, second third etc.
17 Ellie Wollman and Francois Jacob, 1957 Hfr str s thr + azi r ton r lac + gal + x F - str r thr - azi s ton s lac - gal - Blend at various times to disrupt conjugation
18 10 min 20 min 30 min
19 Replica Plate Screen Selection 15 min. StrR thr+ thr+ is used because its already known to be transferred first, close to origin of transfer. Plate with streptomycin but without threonine StrR thr+lac+ StrR thr+gal+ StrR thr+azir StrR thr+tonr Lactose plate Galactose plate Azide plate plate + T1
20 Plateau is because they eventually fall apart. Time became the distance measurement
21 The order of gene transfer of Hfr chromosome during conjugation Gene transfer starts with the origin of the F factor and ends with the fertility genes. Genes close to the origin are transferred before distal genes.
22 Creating Genetic Maps in bacteria through conjugation A. Interrupted mating (distance in minutes) B. Natural gradient of transfer (order, not distance) C. Three point crosses + reciprocal crosses = (order, not distance)
23 Natural gradient of Transfer Same concept as interrupted matings. The gradient of transfer allows the spontaneous disruption of mating pairs. Select for the first marker transferred. Screen for additional markers through replica plating. Markers close to the first marker have higher transfer frequency than markers distal to the first marker.
24 Determine the order of Arg and Leu Master plate Hfr str s met + leu + arg + x F - str r met - leu - arg - + Streptomycin +Leucine +Arginine (- Methionine) (160 colonies) Replica A + Leucine - Arginine (128 colonies) Replica B + Arginine - Leucine (64 colonies) met + =100%, arg + = 80%, leu + = 40%
25 Natural gradient of transfer met + Hfr str s met + leu + arg + x F - str r met - leu - arg - leu + arg + arg + arg + met + met + met + Select str r met + leu + leu - arg + arg - met + met - Str r
Einführung in die Genetik
Einführung in die Genetik Prof. Dr. Kay Schneitz (EBio Pflanzen) http://plantdev.bio.wzw.tum.de schneitz@wzw.tum.de Prof. Dr. Claus Schwechheimer (PlaSysBiol) http://wzw.tum.de/sysbiol claus.schwechheimer@wzw.tum.de
More informationBACTERIAL CONJUGATION. To demonstrate the technical procedure to monitor the conjugational transfer of genetic material from one cell to another.
BACTERIAL CONJUGATION I. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the technical procedure to monitor the conjugational transfer of genetic material from one cell to another. To learn about the various genetic elements
More informationBiology 322 Fall 2010 Transfer of genetic information in the bacterium Escherichia coli: Part I
Biology 322 Fall 2010 Transfer of genetic information in the bacterium Escherichia coli: Part I REQUIRED Reading Assignments: Superbugs on the Hoof http://fire.biol.wwu.edu/trent/trent/superbugs.pdf Triple
More informationDO NOT OPEN UNTIL TOLD TO START
DO NOT OPEN UNTIL TOLD TO START BIO 312, Section 1, Spring 2011 February 21, 2011 Exam 1 Name (print neatly) Instructor 7 digit student ID INSTRUCTIONS: 1. There are 11 pages to the exam. Make sure you
More informationGENETICS - CLUTCH CH.5 GENETICS OF BACTERIA AND VIRUSES.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: WORKING WITH MICROORGANISMS Bacteria are easy to with in a laboratory setting They are fast dividing, take up little space, and are easily grown in a lab - Plating is when
More informationLac Operon contains three structural genes and is controlled by the lac repressor: (1) LacY protein transports lactose into the cell.
Regulation of gene expression a. Expression of most genes can be turned off and on, usually by controlling the initiation of transcription. b. Lactose degradation in E. coli (Negative Control) Lac Operon
More informationSample Questions: If you can't figure out the correct answer yourself, ask a classmate, or a TA. I will be available for all other types of questions.
Sample Questions: If you can't figure out the correct answer yourself, ask a classmate, or a TA. I will be available for all other types of questions. (10 pts) The genes gl and cal are 32 mu apart on Chromosome
More informationMicrobiology. Zhenmei Lu ( 吕镇梅 ) 2010 Spring-Summer 2017 Spring-Summer
Microbiology Zhenmei Lu ( 吕镇梅 ) lzhenmei@zju.edu.cn 2010 Spring-Summer 2017 Spring-Summer Chapter 10: Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea Outline Mutation Gene Transfer I. Mutation 10.1 Mutations and Mutants
More information2054, Chap. 13, page 1
2054, Chap. 13, page 1 I. Microbial Recombination and Plasmids (Chapter 13) A. recombination = process of combining genetic material from 2 organisms to produce a genotype different from either parent
More informationHOUR EXAM II BIOLOGY 422 FALL, In the spirit of the honor code, I pledge that I have neither given nor received help on this exam.
Name First Last PID Number - (Please Print) HOUR EXAM II BIOLOGY 422 FALL, 2007 In the spirit of the honor code, I pledge that I have neither given nor received help on this exam. 1 Signature 2 3 4 5 6
More informationName Per AP: CHAPTER 27: PROKARYOTES (Bacteria) p559,
AP: CHAPTER 27: PROKARYOTES (Bacteria) p559, 561-564 1. How does the bacterial chromosome compare to a eukaryotic chromosome? 2. What is a plasmid? 3. How fast can bacteria reproduce? 4. What is a bacterial
More informationChapter 3. Bacterial Gene Transfer
Chapter 3 Bacterial Gene Transfer John C. Mordacq and Roberta W. Ellington Department of Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 John received his B.S. in 1984 from the University
More informationBACTERIAL GENETICS. How does the DNA in the bacterial cell replicate
BACTERIAL GENETICS Bacterial genetics is the study of gene structure and function in bacteria. Genetics itself is concerned with determining the number, location, and character of the genes of an organism.
More informationWhy do we care about homologous recombination?
Why do we care about homologous recombination? Universal biological mechanism Bacteria can pick up new genes Biotechnology Gene knockouts in mice via homologous recombination 1 DNA of interest in mouse
More informationAdvantages of genetic analysis in bacteria/phage. Selections vs Screens. Mutations. Mutations lecture: March 4, 2009
Mutations lecture: March 4, 2009 1. Genetic analysis of bacteria: the whys, hows, and whats 2. Luria-Delbrück and beyond: we still care! 3. Analysis of essential genes! RNA pol, merodiploids and amber
More informationPlasmids & Transposable Elements. Dr. Wiaam Ahmed Al-Amili
Plasmids & Transposable Elements BY Dr. Wiaam Ahmed Al-Amili Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering : Is the manipulation of genetic material. - specific fragments of DNA may be isolated ( may come from
More informationThe Mosaic Nature of Genomes
The Mosaic Nature of Genomes n DNA sequence is not static Mutations of single bases Large deletions Large insertions of sequence n Transferred from other species n New functions useful in particular situations
More informationGenetics Lecture Notes Lectures 13 16
Genetics Lecture Notes 7.03 2005 Lectures 13 16 Lecture 13 Transposable elements Transposons are usually from 10 3 to 10 4 base pairs in length, depending on the transposon type. The key property of transposons
More informationConjugation in Escherichia coli
JOUNAL OF ACTEIOLOGY, May. 1966 Vol. 91, No 5 Copyright ( 1966 American ociety for Microbiology Printed in U..A. Conjugation in Escherichia coli HEET OYE Department of Microbiology, Yale University, New
More informationIntroduction to pglo lab
Please take these notes carefully. You do not need to write anything in RED Introduction to pglo lab Bacteria Transformation What is a plasmid? A plasmid is a small circular piece of DNA (about 2,000 to
More informationSUPPRESSION OF THE FORMATION OF POLYGENOTYPIC RECOMBINANT COLONIES BY A maf MUTATION IN MATING WITH HfrH
SUPPRESSION OF THE FORMATION OF POLYGENOTYPIC RECOMBINANT COLONIES BY A maf MUTATION IN MATING WITH HfrH JONATHAN T. OU AND LI-ME1 KUO The Instituie for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Cenier, Philadelphia,
More informationSection B: The Genetics of Bacteria
CHAPTER 18 MICROBIAL MODELS: THE GENETICS OF VIRUSES AND BACTERIA Section B: The Genetics of Bacteria 1. The short generation span of bacteria helps them adapt to changing environments 2. Genetic recombination
More informationSpostiamo ora la nostra attenzione sui batteri, e batteriofagi
Spostiamo ora la nostra attenzione sui batteri, e batteriofagi Bacteria Mutate Spontaneously and Grow at an Exponential Rate. Useful for genetics studies, development of genetic engineering Teoria dell'adattamento
More informationChapter 13 Bacterial Genetics
Chapter 13 Bacterial Genetics 15-1 Sections to study 13.1 The enormous diversity of bacteria 13.2 Bacterial genomes 13.3 Bacteria as experimental organisms 13.4 Gene transfer in bacteria 13.5 Bacterial
More informationHOUR EXAM II BIOLOGY 422 FALL, In the spirit of the honor code, I pledge that I have neither given nor received help on this exam.
Name First Last (Please Print) PID Number - HOUR EXAM II BIOLOGY 422 FALL, 2010 In the spirit of the honor code, I pledge that I have neither given nor received help on this exam. 1 Signature 2 3 4 5 6
More informationGene Transfer 11/4/13. Fredrick Griffith in the 1920s did an experiment. Not until 1944 was DNA shown to be the moveable element
Gene Transfer Fredrick Griffith in the 1920s did an experiment. Not until 19 was DN shown to be the moveable element Dead pathogen cells able to make a capsule were able to pass this ability to the live
More informationCHAPTER 6. Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes. (Brooker Genetics 5 th ed) 염색체의위의모든유전자는연관되어있다 멘델의유전법칙에위배되는결과도출
CHAPTER 6 Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes (Brooker Genetics 5 th ed) 염색체의위의모든유전자는연관되어있다 멘델의유전법칙에위배되는결과도출 유전자지도작성? -F1 heterozygote 의 testcross - 교차에의한염색체교환 -Nonparental type recombinant 자손생성
More informationGenetics 603, Exam 1, Oct. 1, 2010
Genetics 603, Exam 1, Oct. 1, 2010 Name 1. Avery et al showed that DNA caused transformation of rii to SIII bacteria before isotopes were available. Describe (in principle, not in experimental detail)
More informationGrowth abnormalities in Hfr Derivatives of Escherichia coli Strain c
J. gm. Microbial. (1965), 40,365-376 With 1 ptate Printed in &eat Brituin 365 Growth abnormalities in Hfr Derivatives of Escherichia coli Strain c BY I. SASAKI" AND G. BERTANI Department of Microbial Genetics,
More informationan R Factor on Escherichia coli Chromosome
Japan. J. Microbiol. Vol. 13 (3), 225-232, 1969 Integration of Chloramphenicol Resistance Gene of an R Factor on Escherichia coli Chromosome Shizuko IYOBE, Hajime HASHIMOTO, and Susumu MITSUHASHI Department
More informationGENETIC TRANSFER AND RECOMBINATION
GENETIC TRANSFER AND RECOMBINATION Genetic recombination! Genetic recombination is the rearrangement of genes to form new combinations. If two chromosomes break and are rejoined in such a way that some
More informationChapter 10 Microbial Genetics: New Genes for Old Germs
Chapter 10 Microbial Genetics: New Genes for Old Germs Objectives: After reading Chapter Ten, you should understand The structure and complexity of the bacterial chromosome and the significance of plasmids.
More information5.) Name and describe one gene product in E.coli that is associated with performing each step in the recombination process. (6pts)
Student ID# Bacterial Genetics, BIO 4443/6443 Spring Semester 2001 Exam II 1.) What is the primary difference between conjugative plasmids and mobilizable plasmids? What genes are typically found on conjugative
More informationChapter 9 Microbial Genetics
Chapter 9 Microbial Genetics You are expected to know details of 1) DNA replication 2) RNA synthesis (transcription) 3) Protein synthesis (translation) Genome & Genes A genome is all the genetic information
More informationGenetic and Biochemical Studies on Drug-Resistant Mutants in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Japan. J. Microbiol. Vol. 18(6), 457-462, 1974 Genetic and Biochemical Studies on Drug-Resistant Mutants in Mycobacterium smegmatis Yasuo MIZUGUCHI, Kiyoko SUGA, Kunitsugu MASUDA, and Takeshi YAMADA Department
More informationRawan Almujaibel Anas Abu-Humaidan
8 Rawan Almujaibel...... Anas Abu-Humaidan In the previous lecture the Dr. talked about DNA structure and their 4 types of nitrogen bases. Then he talked about bacterial DNA (chromosomes) and their replication
More information# ml too many to count # ml 161/173 # ml 4/1
Biol 322 Fall 2012 Study Sheet for Quiz #2 Quiz #2 is scheduled for Thursday Nov 10 th and will be worth 30-40 pts. This quiz will cover: Mutagenesis Lab: Parts 1 & 2 Bacterial Genetics: F X F- Cross All
More informationThe Regulation of Bacterial Gene Expression
The Regulation of Bacterial Gene Expression Constitutive genes are expressed at a fixed rate Other genes are expressed only as needed Inducible genes Repressible genes Catabolite repression Pre-transcriptional
More informationBISC403 Genetic and Evolutionary Biology Spring, Summary of requirements for Exam 2 (to be given on March 24) plus exam 2 from Fall, 2010.
BISC403 Genetic and Evolutionary Biology Spring, 2011 March 17, 2011 Summary of requirements for Exam 2 (to be given on March 24) plus exam 2 from Fall, 2010. The primary responsibility is for any topic
More informationChapter 18. The Exciting World Of Bacterial Genetics
Chapter 18. The Exciting World Of Bacterial Genetics Why study bacterial genetics? Its an easy place to start history we know more about it systems better understood simpler genome good model for control
More informationHOUR EXAM I BIOLOGY 422 FALL, In the spirit of the honor code, I pledge that I have neither given nor received help on this exam.
Name First Last (Please Print) PID Number - HOUR EXAM I BIOLOGY 422 FALL, 2011 In the spirit of the honor code, I pledge that I have neither given nor received help on this exam. 1 Signature 2 3 4 5 6
More informationModule 6 Microbial Genetics. Chapter 8
Module 6 Microbial Genetics Chapter 8 Structure and function of the genetic material Genetics science of o Study of what genes are, how they determine the characteristics of an organism, how they carry
More informationA Quantitative Study of the Expression of Unselected Lactose and Proline Markers in Escherichia coli K-12 Recombinants and in the Parent Strains
J. gen. Microbiol. (1966), 43, 357-367 Printed in &eat Britain 357 A Quantitative Study of the Expression of Unselected Lactose and Proline Markers in Escherichia coli K-12 Recombinants and in the Parent
More informationThe plasmid shown to the right has an oriv and orit at the positions indicated, and is known to replicate bidirectionally.
Name Microbial Genetics, BIO 410/510 2008 Exam II The plasmid shown to the right has an oriv and orit at the positions indicated, and is known to replicate bidirectionally. 1.) Indicate where replication
More informationBIOLOGY. Bacteria and Archaea CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson. Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 27 Bacteria and Archaea Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Masters of Adaptation Utah s Great Salt
More informationCornell Institute for Biology Teachers in partnership with the Pseudomonas-Plant Interaction Project
Cornell Institute for Biology Teachers in partnership with the Pseudomonas-Plant Interaction Project Copyright CIBT, 2004. This work may be copied by the original recipient from CIBT to provide copies
More information7.03 Problem Set 3 Due before 5 PM on Wednesday, October 18 Hand in answers in recitation section or in the box outside of
7.03 Problem Set 3 Due before 5 PM on Wednesday, October 18 Hand in answers in recitation section or in the box outside of 68-120 1. The following DNA sequence fragment comes from the middle of a bacterial
More information21.4 Recombinant DNA technology Calculation worksheet. AQA Biology. Calculating the efficiency of DNA transfer during genetic engineering
Calculating the efficiency of DNA transfer during genetic engineering Specification references 3.8.4.1 MS 0.1, MS 0.3 Learning outcomes After completing this worksheet you should be able to: manipulate
More informationChapter 18. Bacterial Genetics. AP Biology
Chapter 18. Bacterial Genetics 1 Why study bacterial genetics?! Its an easy place to start " history " we know more about it! systems better understood " simpler genome " good model for control of genes!
More informationGenetics. Chapter 9 - Microbial Genetics. Chromosome. Genes. Topics - Genetics - Flow of Genetics - Regulation - Mutation - Recombination
Chapter 9 - Microbial Genetics Topics - Genetics - Flow of Genetics - Regulation - Mutation - Recombination Genetics Genome (The sum total of genetic material of a cell is referred to as the genome.) Chromosome
More informationMCB 421 Second Exam October 27, 2004
MCB 421 Second Exam October 27, 2004 1. (10 pts) As discussed in class in complementation studies using F plasmids complementation can be confused with the products of homologous recombination between
More informationPlease sign below if you wish to have your grades posted by the last five digits of your SSN
BIO 226R EXAM III (Sample) PRINT YOUR NAME Please sign below if you wish to have your grades posted by the last five digits of your Signature BIO 226R Exam III has 8 pages, and 26 questions. There are
More informationMicrobial Genetics. Chapter 8
Microbial Genetics Chapter 8 Structure and Function of Genetic Material Genome A cell s genetic information Chromosome Structures containing DNA that physically carry hereditary information Gene Segments
More informationTO Approved for public release, distribution unlimited
UNCLASSIFIED AD NUMBER AD836718 NEW LIMITATION CHANGE TO Approved for public release, distribution unlimited FROM Distribution authorized to U.S. Gov't. agencies and their contractors; Administrative/Operational
More informationBacterial Antibiotic Resistance from Chapter 9. Microbiology: A Systems Approach 1 st Edition Cowan & Talaro
Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance from Chapter 9 Microbiology: A Systems Approach 1 st Edition Cowan & Talaro Types of intermicrobial exchange conjugation transformation requires the attachment of two related
More informationHOUR EXAM II BIOLOGY 422 FALL, In the spirit of the honor code, I pledge that I have neither given nor received help on this exam.
Name First Last PID Number - (Please Print) HOUR EXAM II BIOLOGY 422 FALL, 2006 In the spirit of the honor code, I pledge that I have neither given nor received help on this exam. 1 Signature 2 3 4 5 6
More information':assesses a specificity characteristic of each particular strain. This specificity
HOST SPECIFICITY OF DNA AND CONJUGATION IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSAl B. ROLFE2 AND B. W. HOLLOWAY3 School of Microbiology, University of Melbourne, Parkuille, Victoria, Australia Received May 21, 1968 is
More informationProblem Set 8. Answer Key
MCB 102 University of California, Berkeley August 11, 2009 Isabelle Philipp Online Document Problem Set 8 Answer Key 1. The Genetic Code (a) Are all amino acids encoded by the same number of codons? no
More informationUNIVERSITY OF SWAZILAND MAIN EXAMINATION PAPER: DECEMBER 2013 GENETICS INSTRUCTIONS: 1. THIS PAPER IS DIVIDED INTO
UNIVERSITY OF SWAZILAND COURSE CODE: B303 (M) 2013/2014 Page 1 of6 MAIN EXAMINATION PAPER: DECEMBER 2013 TITLE OF PAPER: GENETICS COURSE CODE: TIME ALLOWED: B303 THREE HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: 1. THIS PAPER
More informationfour chromosomes ` four chromosomes correct markers (sister chromatids identical!)
Name KEY total=107 pts 1. Genes G and H are on one chromosome; gene F is on another chromosome. Assume the organism is diploid and that there is no crossing over in this species. You are examining the
More informationLab 5/5a Transformation of E. coli with a Recombinant Plasmid
Lab 5/5a Transformation of E. coli with a Recombinant Plasmid Lab 2 Pre Lab Readiness Familiarity and Proper use of micropipettes Remember the 1 st and 2 nd stops Aseptic Technique Antibiotic Resistance
More informationMcbio 316 Exam 2 Page 1. putp
Mcbio 316 Exam 2 Page 1 (5) 1. A new putp mutation was mapped against a set of putp deletion mutations. The region removed by the deletion mutations are indicated by the area between the brackets below
More informationGenetic Adaptation II. Microbial Physiology Module 3
Genetic Adaptation II Microbial Physiology Module 3 Topics Topic 4: Topic 5: Transposable Elements Exchange of Genetic Material Between Organisms Topic 5a: Protection Against Foreign DNA Aims and Objectives
More informationMCB 140 2/16/05 2. chromosome; if it is a fictitious unit, it must be. If the gene is a material unit, it is a piece of a
Bacterial genetics I DNA RNA protein central dogma of molecular biology 1 MCB 140, 2/25/05 3 What are the genes? What is the nature of the elements of heredity that Mendel postulated as purely theoretical
More informationFigure 1. Map of cloning vector pgem T-Easy (bacterial plasmid DNA)
Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi CHEM4402 Biochemistry II Laboratory Laboratory 6: Ligation & Bacterial Transformation (Bring your text and laptop to class if you wish to work on your assignment during
More information5. the transformation of the host cell. 2. reject the virus. 4. initiate an attack on the virus.
Version 001 Bacterial/Viral Genetics mahon (26) 1 This print-out should have 28 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page find all choices before answering. Holt Bio
More informationMolecular Genetics Techniques. BIT 220 Chapter 20
Molecular Genetics Techniques BIT 220 Chapter 20 What is Cloning? Recombinant DNA technologies 1. Producing Recombinant DNA molecule Incorporate gene of interest into plasmid (cloning vector) 2. Recombinant
More informationGene Splicing and Restriction Maps
Gene Splicing and Restriction Maps Bacteria have a large circular chromosome as well as many smaller circular structures called plasmids. These plasmids are an important tool in gene splicing. 1 µm Bacteria
More information4/3/2013. DNA Synthesis Replication of Bacterial DNA Replication of Bacterial DNA
4/3/03 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Chapter 8 Microbial Genetics Terminology Genetics: The study of what genes are, how they carry information, how information is expressed, and how genes are replicated Gene: A segment
More informationLectures of Dr.Mohammad Alfaham. The Bacterial Genetics
Lectures of Dr.Mohammad Alfaham The Bacterial Genetics is the total collection of genes carried by a bacterium both on its chromosome and on its extrachromosomal genetic elements (plasmids) A Gene A gene
More informationM I C R O B I O L O G Y WITH DISEASES BY TAXONOMY, THIRD EDITION
M I C R O B I O L O G Y WITH DISEASES BY TAXONOMY, THIRD EDITION Chapter 7 Microbial Genetics Lecture prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, University of Tennessee, Knoxville The Structure and Replication
More informationSolutions to 7.02 Quiz III
Solutions to 7.02 Quiz III Class Average = 79 Standard Deviation = 12 Range Grade % 85-100 A 40 72-84 B 37 55-71 C 20 > 54 D/F 3 Question 1 On day 1 of the genetics lab, the entire 7.02 class did a transposon
More information7.1 Techniques for Producing and Analyzing DNA. SBI4U Ms. Ho-Lau
7.1 Techniques for Producing and Analyzing DNA SBI4U Ms. Ho-Lau What is Biotechnology? From Merriam-Webster: the manipulation of living organisms or their components to produce useful usually commercial
More informationHFR MALES IN SALMONELLA ABONYl
HFR MALES IN SALMONELLA ABONYl PIRJO HELENA MAKELG Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California and Department of Serology and Bacteriology, University of Helsinki,
More informationMechanisms of Genetic Variation. Copyright McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Permission required for reproduction or display.
16 Mechanisms of Genetic Variation Copyright McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Mutations: Their Chemical Basis and Effects Stable, heritable
More informationBiol 432L Midterm Oct 6, 2008 Name: 1. Midterm 1, Answer Key Oct. 26, 2009
Biol 432L Midterm Oct 6, 2008 Name: 1 Midterm 1, Answer Key Oct. 26, 2009 Honor Pledge: I have neither given nor received any unauthorized help on this exam: Name Printed: Signature: 1a. (2 pts) Imagine
More informationBio 311 Learning Objectives
Bio 311 Learning Objectives This document outlines the learning objectives for Biol 311 (Principles of Genetics). Biol 311 is part of the BioCore within the Department of Biological Sciences; therefore,
More informationCentral Dogma of genetics: DNA -> Transcription -> RNA -> Translation > Protein
Genetics Midterm 1 Chapter 1: Purines: Adenine (double bond), Guanine (Triple Bond) Pyrimidines: Thymine (double bond), Cytosine (Triple Bond), Uracil Central Dogma of genetics: DNA -> Transcription ->
More informationTransmission of genetic variation: conjugation. Transmission of genetic variation: conjugation. Transmission of genetic variation: F+ conjugation
Transmission of genetic variation: conjugation Transmission of genetic variation: conjugation Direct transfer of DNA from one strain to another mediated by fertility factor (F). Best studied in E. coli,
More informationChapter 9. Topics - Genetics - Flow of Genetics - Regulation - Mutation - Recombination
Chapter 9 Topics - Genetics - Flow of Genetics - Regulation - Mutation - Recombination 1 Flow of Genetics NA replication (DNA => DNA; RNA => RNA) Replication Reverse transcription (RNA => DNA) Gene Expression
More informationA) (5 points) As the starting step isolate genomic DNA from
GS Final Exam Spring 00 NAME. bub ts is a recessive temperature sensitive mutation in yeast. At º C bub ts cells grow normally, but at º C they die. Use the information below to clone the wild-type BUB
More informationConjugation 5 FIND CHAP TOC. Figure 5.1. bla IS46. Rep. korb kila kora traa. BamHI. Sall-1. EcoRl Pstl. HpaI-8. BgIII-6. BgIII-5. Hpal-1. mucb.
Conjugation 5 bla 35 5 10 15 20 25 30 pkm101 35.4 kb IS46 korb kila kora traa trab trac trad kilb trae tra trag nuc fip trah trai traj trak stb muca mucb Rep EcoRl Pstl Sall-1 Hpal-1 Kpnl-1 Hpal-2 Sall-2
More informationChapter 8- Microbial Genetics
Chapter 8- Microbial Genetics Chapter 2 Preview p. 47-49 I. Nucleic acids- DNA and RNA fig 2.16 A. Nucleotides- the building blocks of heredity molecules DNA and RNA (nucleic acids) a. Sugar- deoxyribose
More informationBIO440 Genetics Laboratory Transformation
BIO440 Genetics Laboratory Transformation The transfer of genetic information between bacteria has been occurring for billions of years. Humans first noticed this process in the laboratory in the 1920
More informationANSWERS TO Problem set questions from Exam 2 Unit Mutations, Bacterial Genetics, and Bacterial Gene Regulation
ANSWERS TO Problem set questions from Exam 2 Unit Mutations, Bacterial Genetics, and Bacterial Gene Regulation Central Dogma, Mutagens and Mutations 1. The three stop codons in the genetic code are 5 UAG3,
More informationYesterday s Picture UNIT 3B
Warm-Up Plasmids are circular pieces of DNA which bacterial cells are able to take up from the environment, then replicate and transcribe. Eukaryotic cells, by contrast, contain large, linear (non-circular)
More informationFROM EXPERIMENTS IN BACTERIAL GENETICS AND GENE TECHNIQUE
Uppsala 2001-04-01 REPORT FROM EXPERIMENTS IN BACTERIAL GENETICS AND GENE TECHNIQUE Laboratory assistants: Maria Jönsson Amera Gibreel Students: Contents ASSIGNMENT:... 3 INTRODUCTION:... 3 MATERIAL AND
More informationBIOLOGY 205 Midterm II - 19 February Each of the following statements are correct regarding Eukaryotic genes and genomes EXCEPT?
BIOLOGY 205 Midterm II - 19 February 1999 Name Multiple choice questions 4 points each (Best 12 out of 13). 1. Each of the following statements are correct regarding Eukaryotic genes and genomes EXCEPT?
More informationBacteria Reproduce Asexually via BINARY FISSION
An Introduction to Microbial Genetics Today: Intro to Microbial Genetics Lunch pglo! Bacteria Reproduce Asexually via BINARY FISSION But, Bacteria still undergo GENETIC RECOMBINATION (combining DNA from
More information2 nd year Medical Students - JU Bacterial genetics. Dr. Hamed Al Zoubi Associate Professor of Medical Microbiology. MBBS / J.U.S.
2 nd year Medical Students - JU Bacterial genetics Dr. Hamed Al Zoubi Associate Professor of Medical Microbiology. MBBS / J.U.S.T MSc, PhD/ UK Bacterial genetics ILOs: bacterial genome and replication
More informationINACTIVATION OF CHROMOSOMAL FRAGMENTS TRANSFERRED FROM Hfr STRAINS*
INACTIVATION OF CHROMOSOMAL FRAGMENTS TRANSFERRED FROM Hfr STRAINS* TATEO ITOH AND JUN-ICHI TOMIZAWA Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan Received November
More informationBy two mechanisms: Mutation Genetic Recombination
Genetics (see text pages 257-259, 267-298) Remember what it is we want to address: How is it that prokaryotes gain new genetic ability? The cells are haploid and reproduce by fission...so how does an genetic
More informationMCB 421 First Exam October 4, 2004
1. (10 pts). An E. coli strain (strain A) that lacks an inducing prophage and carries the F factor is heavily irradiated with UV light and then mixed 1:1 with a second E. coli strain (strain B) that carries
More informationChapter 15 Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering. Restriction Enzymes Function as Nature s Pinking Shears
Chapter 15 Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering In this chapter you will learn How restriction enzyme work and why they are essential to DNA technology. About various procedures such as cloning and
More information7.03, 2005, Lecture 20 EUKARYOTIC GENES AND GENOMES I
7.03, 2005, Lecture 20 EUKARYOTIC GENES AND GENOMES I For the last several lectures we have been looking at how one can manipulate prokaryotic genomes and how prokaryotic genes are regulated. In the next
More informationOverview: The DNA Toolbox
Overview: The DNA Toolbox Sequencing of the genomes of more than 7,000 species was under way in 2010 DNA sequencing has depended on advances in technology, starting with making recombinant DNA In recombinant
More informationF (fertility) plasmid Fig Gene movement, part III and restriction-modification. Plasmid transfer via F conjugation
Microm 410 2009: Gene Movement-Conjugation F (fertility) plasmid Fig 11.19 Gene movement, part III and restriction-modification Plasmid transfer via F conjugation Conjugative ability due to transfer (tra
More informationAbout Transformation
About Transformation In 1928, Frederick Griffith was working on this problem of finding a vaccine against pneumonia caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae. Here s what he found: In Experiment
More informationReceived for publication 17 August F' factor once transfer had occurred. Those Lac7. by the sterile class of F' bacteria are also presented.
PROPERTIES OF F' STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI SUPERINFECTED WITH F-LACTOSE AND F-GALATOSE EPISOMES HARRISON ECHOLS Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin ABSTRACT ECHOLS,
More informationالحمد هلل رب العالميه الذي هداوا لهذا وما كىا لىهتدي لىال أن هداوا اهلل والصالة والسالم على أشزف األوبياء. 222Cell Biolgy 1
الحمد هلل رب العالميه الذي هداوا لهذا وما كىا لىهتدي لىال أن هداوا اهلل والصالة والسالم على أشزف األوبياء 222Cell Biolgy 1 Lecture 13 222Cell Biolgy 2 Nucleosome Nucleosomes form the fundamental repeating
More information