CALCULATING THE SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (SNAP) PROGRAM ACCESS INDEX: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE FOR 2013

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1 Food and Nutrition Service January 2015 CALCULATING THE SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (SNAP) PROGRAM ACCESS INDEX: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE FOR 2013 Introduction The Program Access Index (PAI) is one of the measures the USDA Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) uses to reward States for high performance in the administration of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (also known as the 2002 Farm Bill) directed USDA to establish a number of indicators of effective program performance and to award bonus payments to States with the best and most improved performance. The PAI is designed to indicate the degree to which lowincome people have access to SNAP benefits. The PAI is not, strictly speaking, a measure of participation among people eligible for benefits. For most purposes, the participation rate among people eligible for benefits is a better measure of program performance. 1 FNS uses the povertybased PAI because it is the best measure available in time to meet the law s requirements. The 2002 Farm Bill that authorizes the State performance awards requires payment by the end of the fiscal year following the period of performance by September 2014 for performance during calendar year 2013, for example. The timing of the release of the official poverty statistics each year enables calculation of a PAI in time to meet the law s requirements. There is not enough time to 1 See for example Reaching Those in Need: State Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation Rates in 2011 by Karen E. Cunnyngham, available online at df complete the more precise estimates of the number of people eligible for SNAP benefits. Waiting for the more precise estimates is inconsistent with the law and would also delay payments to States. FNS issued a final rule on February 7, 2005, codifying the procedures for calculating and awarding performance bonuses for calendar year 2005 and beyond. For this access measure, FNS uses the American Community Survey (ACS) for poverty count estimates. 2 In addition, the final rule changed the name of the measure to the Program Access Index (PAI). The purpose of this step-by-step guide is to describe the calculation of the PAI in detail. It includes all of the data, adjustments, and calculations used in determining the PAI for every State in Calculating the PAI In general, the PAI is a simple index of the average monthly number of SNAP participants over the course of a calendar year to the number of people with income below 125 percent of the official poverty line in each State. FNS 2 FNS did a comparative analysis of the merits of the American Community (ACS) and Current Population (CPS) surveys and determined that the ACS provided a better basis for the calculation of the Program Access Index beginning with the 2005 high performance bonuses. See Estimating the Number of People in Poverty for the Program Access Index: The American Community Survey vs. the Current Population Survey available online at

2 computes average monthly participation over a calendar year rather than the Federal fiscal year to better align the participation count with the annual poverty measure. FNS makes an adjustment to the counts of participants, the numerator of this index, to better reflect State performance in the administration of SNAP. FNS subtracts out estimates of the number of people who received SNAP disaster assistance. Disaster assistance is approved in limited circumstances and operates under special rules that differ from regular SNAP rules. The adjustment is intended to account for only those disaster assistance recipients who are new to the program not existing participants who are issued replacement benefits. The quality of this adjustment depends in part on the accuracy of data reported by States to FNS on the operations of disaster assistance programs. FNS makes two adjustments to the poverty counts in the denominator of the index. Participants in the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) are subtracted from the number of people with income below 125 percent of poverty in each State. Participants in FDPIR would qualify for SNAP, but have opted to take the FDPIR commodity package instead. In addition, poor Supplemental Security Income (SSI) recipients in California are subtracted from the number of people with income below 125 percent of poverty. By law, SSI recipients in California are ineligible for SNAP because they receive a State-funded cash supplement for food. The number of participants in FDPIR and California SSI recipients offers no information on the effectiveness of State SNAP agency operations. FNS awards performance bonuses to the four States with the highest PAI and to the four States with the most improved PAI, provided that a State is eligible to receive such a bonus. A State agency is not eligible for a bonus payment in any fiscal year for which it has a liability amount as a result of an excessive payment error rate in the same year. If a State qualifies under both the best and most improved criteria, it is awarded the bonus for most improved, and the State with the next highest PAI is awarded a bonus for best performance. Step-by-Step Guide The following provides a step-by-step description of the calculation of the PAI, using the calculation of the 2013 PAI for Kansas as an example. Calculations are made using unrounded numbers. The column references in the following example, along with the calculations for all States, can be found in the accompanying table: SNAP Program Access Index Calculation: The example below may contain discrepancies due to rounding. Description Step 1: Determine number of SNAP participants (CY 2013) The number of annual SNAP participants is the sum of the monthly counts from January to December The monthly counts are extracted from the Food and Nutrition Service National Data Bank and displayed in the SNAP Participants table. The annual total is calculated in the last column of SNAP Participants, carried into Column B of PAI Calculation. Example (Kansas) Column B: 3,791,309

3 Step 2: Determine number of FDPIR participants (CY 2013) The number of annual FDPIR participants is the sum of the monthly counts from January to December The monthly counts are extracted from the Food and Nutrition Service National Data Bank and displayed in the FDPIR Participants table. The annual total is calculated in the last column of FDPIR Participants, and carried into Column C of PAI Calculation. Column C: 5,255 Step 3: Determine number of disaster assistance participants (CY 2013) The number of disaster assistance participants is calculated in the table: Disaster Assistance State and disaster specific adjustments are made to reflect the disaster policy in effect. For disasters that lasted more than a month, the reduction in participation was adjusted to reflect that. The annual total for all States is displayed in Column I of Disaster Assistance, and carried into Column D of PAI Calculation. Column D: 0 Step 4: Calculate adjusted number of annual participants (CY 2013) The adjusted annual number of participants is the annual number of SNAP participants (Column B) minus the number of disaster assistance recipients (Column D). Step 5: Calculate adjusted average monthly participants (CY 2013) The adjusted monthly average number of participants is equal to the annual number (Column E) divided by 12. Step 6: Determine the number of individuals with income below 125 percent of poverty Estimates of the number of people with income below 125 percent of poverty are published annually by the Bureau of the Census and are available online via the American FactFinder Web site ( The 2013 ACS estimates are displayed in Column G. Column E: 3,791,309-0 = 3,791,309 Column F: 3,791, = 315,942 Column G: 511,665 Step 7: Calculate adjustment for SSI recipients in California Column H: This adjustment is based on the number of SSI recipients among the population with income below 125 percent of the official poverty threshold in California. This statistic is provided to us directly from the Census Bureau. N/A Step 8: Calculate monthly FDPIR participants (CY 2013) The monthly average number of FDPIR participants is equal to the annual number of FDPIR participants (Column C) divided by 12. Column I: 5, = 438

4 Step 9: poverty Calculate adjusted number of people with income below 125 percent of The adjusted number of people with income below 125% of poverty is equal to the official counts of persons below 125% of poverty (Column G) minus the Monthly FDPIR Participants (Column I). For California, the adjusted number of people in poverty (Column J) is equal to the official counts of persons below 125% of poverty (Column G) minus the Monthly FDPIR Participants (Column I) minus the SSI adjustment (Column H). The SSI adjustment is not applied in any other State. Column J: 511, = 511,227 Step 10: Calculate the Program Access Index for 2013 The final PAI is an index of the adjusted count of participants to the adjusted estimate of persons living below 125% of the official poverty line (Column F) divided by the adjusted poverty count (Column J). Column K: 315, ,227 =.618 Step 11: Rank Order States by Program Access Index Column L: State rankings are determined in descending order, from highest to lowest. 44 Step 12: Determine the Program Access Index for 2012 The 2012 PAI was calculated in the same fashion, using prior year data. Column M: Step 13: Calculate the difference between 2013 and 2012 PAIs Column N: The difference is equal to the 2013 PAI (Column K) minus the 2012 PAI (Column M). This provides the percentage point difference between 2013 and A positive difference indicates improvement; a negative difference indicates a reduction = Step 14: Rank Order States by Improvement -- the difference in 2013 and 2012 PAIs State rankings are determined in descending order, from highest to lowest. Column O: 11 USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

5 Calculation of SNAP Program Access Index: 2013 Worksheet Name Column Description PAI Calculation B Annual count of SNAP participants (set equal to column N of Annual SNAP Participants Worksheet) C Annual count of FDPIR participants (set equal to column N of Annual FDPIR Participants Worksheet) D Annual count of disaster assistance recipients (set equal to column F of Disaster Assistance Worksheet) E Adjusted annual count of SNAP participants (set equal to column B - Column D) F Adjusted monthly average count of SNAP participants (set equal to column E divided by 12) G Count of persons in households with income less than 125% of poverty from 2013 ACS American FactFinder: 2013 ACS H CA Adjustment: Number of CA persons who receive SSI and have income less than 125% of poverty from 2013 ACS I Monthly FDPIR Participants (set equal to column C divided by 12) J Adjusted count of persons in households with income below 125% of poverty (set equal to column G - column H - column I) K Program Access Index, 2013 (set equal to column F divided by column J) L 2013 PAI Rank M Program Access Index, 2012 (compare to current year for improvement) N Improvement in Program Access Index from prior year (set equal to column K - column M) O Improvement Rank SNAP Participants FDPIR Participants Disaster Assistance Counts of individual SNAP participants by State and month in calendar year Extracted from National Data Bank in August Annual total shown in last column. Counts of individual participants in Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations by State and month in calendar year Extracted from National Data Bank in August Annual total shown in last column. Counts of individual recipients of disaster assistance; includes only new participants, excludes replacement issuances. Extracted from National Data Bank in August ACS Poverty Counts of individuals with income below 125 percent of poverty in Extracted from the American FactFinder website (

6 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O State Annual SNAP Participants Annual FDPIR Participants Disaster Assistance Adjusted Annual SNAP Participants SNAP Program Access Index Calculation: 2013 Adjusted Monthly SNAP Participants ACS 125% Poverty Count CA SSI Adjustment Monthly FDPIR Participants Adjusted Poverty Count 2013 PAI 2013 PAI Rank 2012 PAI Improvement Alabama 10,959, ,959, ,274 1,154,539-1,154, Alaska 1,088,519 2,804-1,088,519 90,710 93, , Arizona 13,160, ,243-13,160,476 1,096,706 1,547,809 10,937 1,536, Arkansas 6,030, ,030, , , , California 50,370,831 66,685-50,370,831 4,197,569 8,321, ,726 5,557 7,883, Colorado 6,090,794 5,430 1,035 6,089, , , , Connecticut 5,146, ,146, , , , Delaware 1,839, ,839, , , , District of Columbia 1,738, ,738, , , , Florida 42,675, ,675,979 3,556,332 4,255,916-4,255, Georgia 22,931, ,931,668 1,910,972 2,362,045-2,362, Hawaii 2,294, ,294, , , , Idaho 2,695,473 17,274-2,695, , ,521 1, , Illinois 24,458, ,272 24,351,920 2,029,327 2,380,974-2,380, Indiana 11,092, ,092, ,406 1,321,644-1,321, Iowa 5,040, ,040, , , , Kansas 3,791,309 5,255-3,791, , , , Kentucky 10,410, ,410, ,552 1,031,205-1,031, Louisiana 11,080, ,080, ,364 1,138,457-1,138, Maine 2,954, ,954, , , , Maryland 9,383, ,383, , , , Massachusetts 10,647, ,647, , , , Michigan 21,050,179 17,041-21,050,179 1,754,182 2,072,328 1,420 2,070, Minnesota 6,653,375 29,233-6,653, , ,688 2, , Mississippi 8,014,780 8,996-8,014, , , , Missouri 11,001, ,001, ,829 1,212,650-1,212, Montana 1,535,268 30,983-1,535, , ,345 2, , Nebraska 2,163,558 12,584-2,163, , ,046 1, , Nevada 4,363,483 17,415-4,363, , ,488 1, , New Hampshire 1,392, ,392, , , , New Jersey 10,503, ,503, ,281 1,293,627-1,293, New Mexico 5,229,820 31,154-5,229, , ,248 2, , New York 38,169,007 4,599-38,169,007 3,180,751 3,881, ,880, North Carolina 19,975,427 7,668-19,975,427 1,664,619 2,230, ,229, North Dakota 666,536 49, ,536 55, ,743 4, , Ohio 21,829, ,829,772 1,819,148 2,317,336-2,317, Oklahoma 7,481, ,631 1,908 7,479, , ,481 25, , Oregon 9,776,592 8,590-9,776, , , , Pennsylvania 21,485, ,485,269 1,790,439 2,191,789-2,191, Rhode Island 2,164, ,164, , , , South Carolina 10,471, ,471, ,646 1,097,690-1,097, South Dakota 1,242,100 90,978-1,242, , ,755 7, , Tennessee 16,095, ,095,535 1,341,295 1,474,233-1,474, Texas 48,081,003 1,444-48,081,003 4,006,750 5,951, ,951, Utah 2,944,677 1,778-2,944, , , , Vermont 1,204, ,204, , , , Virginia 11,304, ,304, ,078 1,248,995-1,248, Washington 13,312,099 37,548-13,312,099 1,109,342 1,249,497 3,129 1,246, West Virginia 4,226, ,226, , , , Wisconsin 10,274,258 30,403-10,274, , ,608 2, , Wyoming 455,012 8, ,012 37,918 85, , US 568,951, , , ,841,887 47,403,491 63,558, ,726 77,279 63,048, Improvement Rank

7 2013 SNAP Participants NATIONAL DATA BANK VERSION 8.2 PUBLIC USE SC6 - STATES ASCENDING - MONTHLY/ANNUAL DATA Part. People Actual/Final State/Territory Jan 2013 Feb 2013 Mar 2013 Apr 2013 May 2013 Jun 2013 Jul 2013 Aug 2013 Sep 2013 Oct 2013 Nov 2013 Dec 2013 Total Alabama 917, , , , , , , , , , , ,168 10,959,284 Alaska 92,451 93,417 94,905 95,371 94,514 94,336 92,289 91,258 89,674 75,493 87,510 87,301 1,088,519 Arizona 1,108,674 1,101,324 1,114,638 1,099,471 1,102,305 1,106,860 1,109,093 1,100,429 1,099,131 1,093,804 1,072,133 1,052,614 13,160,476 Arkansas 508, , , , , , , , , , , ,671 6,030,631 California 4,155,083 4,147,880 4,180,235 4,163,620 4,169,854 4,167,502 4,181,660 4,198,369 4,200,988 4,245,372 4,264,816 4,295,452 50,370,831 Colorado 511, , , , , , , , , , , ,612 6,090,794 Connecticut 426, , , , , , , , , , , ,131 5,146,547 Delaware 155, , , , , , , , , , , ,106 1,839,770 District of Columbia 145, , , , , , , , , , , ,213 1,738,568 Florida 3,573,410 3,548,832 3,566,784 3,548,465 3,556,098 3,568,672 3,558,254 3,570,722 3,560,545 3,565,296 3,536,728 3,522,173 42,675,979 Georgia 1,969,696 1,960,035 1,956,754 1,945,001 1,950,577 1,950,819 1,933,572 1,918,247 1,888,206 1,883,966 1,796,275 1,778,520 22,931,668 Hawaii 188, , , , , , , , , , , ,550 2,294,363 Idaho 230, , , , , , , , , , , ,218 2,695,473 Illinois 2,027,281 2,023,635 2,048,658 2,029,103 2,048,898 2,149,813 2,036,411 2,037,738 2,010,860 2,027,483 2,001,372 2,016,940 24,458,192 Indiana 927, , , , , , , , , , , ,732 11,092,873 Iowa 418, , , , , , , , , , , ,543 5,040,407 Kansas 315, , , , , , , , , , , ,507 3,791,309 Kentucky 876, , , , , , , , , , , ,047 10,410,627 Louisiana 967, , , , , , , , , , , ,260 11,080,367 Maine 252, , , , , , , , , , , ,842 2,954,612 Maryland 760, , , , , , , , , , , ,442 9,383,375 Massachusetts 888, , , , , , , , , , , ,992 10,647,829 Michigan 1,784,755 1,779,085 1,773,290 1,773,173 1,768,141 1,764,866 1,760,433 1,757,800 1,752,492 1,735,759 1,707,665 1,692,720 21,050,179 Minnesota 551, , , , , , , , , , , ,612 6,653,375 Mississippi 668, , , , , , , , , , , ,936 8,014,780 Missouri 941, , , , , , , , , , , ,239 11,001,944 Montana 129, , , , , , , , , , , ,487 1,535,268 Nebraska 180, , , , , , , , , , , ,631 2,163,558 Nevada 358, , , , , , , , , , , ,544 4,363,483 New Hampshire 120, , , , , , , , , , , ,922 1,392,153 New Jersey 867, , , , , , , , , , , ,177 10,503,367 New Mexico 442, , , , , , , , , , , ,093 5,229,820 New York 3,158,541 3,153,979 3,182,976 3,181,218 3,183,287 3,186,788 3,194,470 3,186,530 3,169,363 3,170,323 3,243,156 3,158,376 38,169,007 North Carolina 1,725,504 1,698,745 1,704,848 1,706,588 1,721,681 1,734,913 1,705,966 1,682,965 1,541,482 1,591,292 1,578,293 1,583,150 19,975,427 North Dakota 57,658 57,449 56,918 56,676 56,136 55,721 55,125 55,005 54,500 54,025 53,753 53, ,536 Ohio 1,845,325 1,837,229 1,853,963 1,844,692 1,830,161 1,815,695 1,813,874 1,802,036 1,799,050 1,799,770 1,787,984 1,799,993 21,829,772 Oklahoma 618, , , , , , , , , , , ,567 7,481,716 Oregon 820, , , , , , , , , , , ,237 9,776,592 Pennsylvania 1,767,367 1,767,598 1,777,618 1,776,949 1,784,566 1,788,531 1,800,392 1,812,492 1,810,643 1,807,510 1,802,935 1,788,668 21,485,269 Rhode Island 180, , , , , , , , , , , ,336 2,164,283 South Carolina 878, , , , , , , , , , , ,898 10,471,755 South Dakota 104, , , , , , , , , , , ,355 1,242,100 Tennessee 1,342,605 1,335,790 1,339,440 1,343,265 1,351,113 1,350,184 1,356,160 1,351,040 1,333,931 1,346,102 1,327,376 1,318,529 16,095,535 Texas 4,072,529 4,024,348 4,026,519 3,992,627 4,007,194 4,007,128 4,016,999 4,035,868 3,981,182 4,027,808 3,972,686 3,916,115 48,081,003 Utah 261, , , , , , , , , , , ,329 2,944,677 Vermont 101, , , , , ,020 99,608 99, , ,276 99,405 98,607 1,204,632 Virginia 938, , , , , , , , , , , ,642 11,304,937 Washington 1,117,999 1,117,832 1,116,250 1,111,505 1,112,751 1,107,066 1,112,119 1,116,059 1,113,184 1,113,644 1,091,092 1,082,598 13,312,099 West Virginia 352, , , , , , , , , , , ,760 4,226,071 Wisconsin 854, , , , , , , , , , , ,946 10,274,258 Wyoming 38,254 37,488 38,180 38,502 38,492 37,965 37,553 37,200 37,874 37,931 37,914 37, ,012 US 47,699,441 47,485,307 47,652,066 47,475,925 47,562,229 47,686,918 47,563,392 47,590,897 47,230,870 47,340,961 46,958,366 46,704, ,951,102 Downloaded July 30, 2014, M. DePiro

8 2013 FDPIR Participants NATIONAL DATA BANK VERSION 8.2 PUBLIC USE SC6 - STATES ASCENDING - MONTHLY/ANNUAL DATA Number of Participants State/Territory Jan 2013 Feb 2013 Mar 2013 Apr 2013 May 2013 Jun 2013 Jul 2013 Aug 2013 Sep 2013 Oct 2013 Nov 2013 Dec 2013 Total Alabama Alaska ,804 Arizona 11,096 10,385 10,476 10,373 10,646 11,242 11,714 11,441 10,867 11,192 11,040 10, ,243 Arkansas California 6,018 5,381 5,351 5,682 5,567 5,447 5,512 5,664 5,499 5,584 5,671 5,309 66,685 Colorado ,430 Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho 1,367 1,328 1,377 1,458 1,390 1,434 1,529 1,433 1,469 1,618 1,550 1,321 17,274 Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas ,255 Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan 1,370 1,296 1,293 1,329 1,363 1,252 1,260 1,301 1,368 1,621 1,790 1,798 17,041 Minnesota 2,130 2,035 2,300 2,380 2,462 2,384 2,523 2,480 2,511 2,649 2,856 2,523 29,233 Mississippi ,996 Missouri Montana 2,248 2,161 2,277 2,416 2,519 2,575 2,657 2,701 2,640 2,831 2,953 3,005 30,983 Nebraska ,026 1,070 1,089 1,054 1,120 1,134 1,066 1,178 12,584 Nevada 1,403 1,314 1,313 1,385 1,393 1,436 1,404 1,447 1,476 1,534 1,633 1,677 17,415 New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico 2,484 2,421 2,520 2,587 2,619 2,569 2,646 2,644 2,568 2,657 2,723 2,716 31,154 New York ,599 North Carolina ,668 North Dakota 3,805 3,531 3,573 4,021 3,932 3,983 4,419 4,399 4,214 4,453 4,438 4,268 49,036 Ohio Oklahoma 27,127 23,743 24,387 24,694 25,006 25,101 25,791 25,695 25,241 27,668 28,400 27, ,631 Oregon ,590 Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota 7,745 6,791 7,507 7,168 7,471 7,267 8,009 8,033 7,509 8,527 7,850 7,101 90,978 Tennessee Texas ,444 Utah ,778 Vermont Virginia Washington 3,301 3,146 3,088 3,114 3,249 3,112 3,292 3,230 3,019 3,032 2,843 3,122 37,548 West Virginia Wisconsin 2,692 1,962 2,530 2,735 2,048 2,652 2,726 2,051 2,712 2,834 2,579 2,882 30,403 Wyoming ,573 US 78,336 70,631 73,271 74,943 75,323 75,169 78,688 78,416 77,039 82,634 82,602 80, ,345 Downloaded August 8, 2014, M. DePiro

9 2013 Disaster Assistance NATIONAL DATA BANK VERSION 8.2 PUBLIC USE SC6 - STATES ASCENDING - MONTHLY/ANNUAL DATA Total Number of New Persons Issued D-SNAP Benefits State/Territory Jan 2013 Feb 2013 Mar 2013 Apr 2013 May 2013 Jun 2013 Jul 2013 Aug 2013 Sep 2013 Oct 2013 Nov 2013 Dec 2013 Total Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado , ,035 Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois , ,272 Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma , ,908 Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming US ,034 1, , ,215 Downloaded August 11, 2014, M. DePiro

10 2013 American Community Survey Poverty Counts GEO_NAME B17002_2_EST B17002_3_EST B17002_4_EST B17002_5_EST Universe: Universe: Universe: POPULATION Universe: POPULATION POPULATION FOR POPULATION FOR FOR WHOM POVERTY FOR WHOM POVERTY WHOM POVERTY WHOM POVERTY Geography STATUS IS STATUS IS STATUS IS STATUS IS DETERMINED:.75 to.99 DETERMINED: 1.00 to DETERMINED: Under DETERMINED:.50 to (Estimate) 1.24 (Estimate).50 (Estimate).74 (Estimate) TOTAL POPULATION UNDER 125% OF POVERTY Alabama 397, , , ,168 1,154,539 Alaska 30,611 16,916 19,489 26,867 93,883 Arizona 574, , , ,349 1,547,809 Arkansas 238, , , , ,039 California 2,761,078 1,551,534 2,016,212 1,992,521 8,321,345 Colorado 285, , , , ,542 Connecticut 168,578 84, , , ,585 Delaware 56,840 28,588 25,899 42, ,572 District of Columbia 63,136 26,650 25,765 24, ,534 Florida 1,458, , ,943 1,002,583 4,255,916 Georgia 858, , , ,277 2,362,045 Hawaii 72,922 35,063 40,383 50, ,861 Idaho 102,497 58,546 85,507 87, ,521 Illinois 855, , , ,581 2,380,974 Indiana 462, , , ,517 1,321,644 Iowa 166,365 98, , , ,566 Kansas 166, , , , ,665 Kentucky 340, , , ,570 1,031,205 Louisiana 404, , , ,438 1,138,457 Maine 65,946 55,557 59,136 70, ,956 Maryland 290, , , , ,424 Massachusetts 352, , , , ,060 Michigan 768, , , ,892 2,072,328 Minnesota 259, , , , ,688 Mississippi 309, , , , ,613 Missouri 404, , , ,584 1,212,650 Montana 70,102 43,976 49,559 51, ,345 Nebraska 99,219 52,800 87,414 87, ,046 Nevada 195, , , , ,488 New Hampshire 52,875 27,947 30,673 40, ,347 New Jersey 438, , , ,078 1,293,627 New Mexico 207, , , , ,248 New York 1,338, , , ,365 3,881,010 North Carolina 753, , , ,830 2,230,227 North Dakota 37,065 20,653 24,680 30, ,743 Ohio 841, , , ,394 2,317,336 Oklahoma 267, , , , ,481 Oregon 283, , , , ,442 Pennsylvania 759, , , ,384 2,191,789 Rhode Island 60,477 36,931 47,038 46, ,668 South Carolina 390, , , ,310 1,097,690 South Dakota 49,643 24,881 40,930 43, ,755 Tennessee 493, , , ,461 1,474,233 Texas 1,896,210 1,192,108 1,441,721 1,421,689 5,951,728 Utah 149,062 90, , , ,269 Vermont 29,946 16,932 27,180 27, ,030 Virginia 432, , , ,262 1,248,995 Washington 434, , , ,215 1,249,497 West Virginia 150,421 86,148 95,778 96, ,138 Wisconsin 316, , , , ,608 Wyoming 28,948 16,405 16,686 22,965 85,004 TOTAL 63,558,165