Fundamentals of Real Time PCR

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1 Fundamentals of Real Time PCR Mohamed Abdel Fattah Senior Technical Specialist Scientific Support - Molecular Biology Dept. AnalysisAB Co. Mobile: analysis@analysis-ab.com

2 What is that DNA? Cytosine (C) Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Guanine (G) Guanine (G) Thymine (T) Adenine (A) Cytosine (C) Deoxyribose (Sugar molecule) Phosphoric Acid (Phosphate molecule)

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4 PCR As Exponential Amplification 25 cycles 2 25 copies (33,554,432)

5 PCR In Theoretical Aspect N = N 0 x 2 n N: number of amplified molecules N 0: initial number of molecules n: number of amplification cycles

6 PCR In Graphical Aspect

7 Limitations of PCR Efficiency, Plateau Effect The Plateau Effect is caused by: Enzyme instability. Reagents consumption. Product inhibition. e.g. pyrophosphate accumulation. Competition of re-annealing amplification product with primers.

8 Limitations of PCR Efficiency

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13 From PCR to Real-Time PCR Real-Time PCR turns the question HOW MUCH? Into the question WHEN?

14 From PCR to Real-Time PCR Plateau End Point Log-Linear Real-Time Baseline

15 Towards Real-Time PCR 1 st st Point Detection of Specific PCR Product by utilizing the to 3 Exonuclease Activity of Thermus Aquaticus DNA Polymerase

16 Towards Real-Time PCR 2nd Point Fluoresceins Rhodamines FRET What is FRET?, Flourochromes

17 Towards Real-Time PCR What is FRET?, Flourochromes Reporter (Fluoresceine) Energy Transfer Quencher (Rhodamine) Fam Vic Tet Phosphate Group 3 Excitation

18 Towards Real-Time PCR What is FRET?, Flourochromes Reporter (Fluoresceine) Quencher (Rhodamine) Fam Vic Tet Cleaved Probe Phosphate Group 3 Excitation

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20 Real-Time PCR Chemistries TaqMan Probe-Based Chemistery 3 Forward Primer TaqMan Probe R Q p Reverse Primer 3

21 TaqMan Probe-Based Chemistery Denaturation Annealing Polymerization 3 forward primer R Q 3 R----- Reporter Q----- Quencher reverse primer

22 TaqMan Probe-Based Chemistery Denaturation Annealing Polymerization 3 forward primer R Q 3 R----- Reporter Q----- Quencher reverse primer

23 TaqMan Probe-Based Chemistery Denaturation Annealing Polymerization 3 forward primer R Q 3 R----- Reporter Q----- Quencher reverse primer

24 TaqMan Probe-Based Chemistery Denaturation Annealing Polymerization 3 forward primer R Q 3 R----- Reporter Q----- Quencher reverse primer

25 TaqMan Probe-Based Chemistery Denaturation Annealing Polymerization 3 forward primer R Q 3 R----- Reporter Q----- Quencher reverse primer

26 TaqMan Probe-Based Chemistery Denaturation Annealing Polymerization 3 forward primer R Q 3 R----- Reporter Q----- Quencher reverse primer

27 TaqMan Probe-Based Chemistery Denaturation Annealing Polymerization 3 forward primer R Q 3 R----- Reporter Q----- Quencher reverse primer

28 TaqMan Probe-Based Chemistery Denaturation Annealing Polymerization 3 forward primer R Q 3 R----- Reporter Q----- Quencher reverse primer

29 TaqMan Probe-Based Chemistery Denaturation Annealing Polymerization. Strand Displacement R Q 3 forward primer 3 R----- Reporter Q----- Quencher reverse primer

30 TaqMan Probe-Based Chemistery Denaturation Annealing Polymerization. Cleavage 3 forward primer R Q 3 R----- Reporter Q----- Quencher

31 TaqMan Probe-Based Chemistery Denaturation Annealing Polymerization. Cleavage 3 forward primer R Q 3 R----- Reporter Q----- Quencher

32 TaqMan Probe-Based Chemistery Denaturation Annealing Polymerization. Cleavage R Q 3 forward primer 3 R----- Reporter Q----- Quencher

33 TaqMan Probe-Based Chemistery Denaturation Annealing Polymerization. Cleavage R Q 3 forward primer 3 R----- Reporter Q----- Quencher

34 TaqMan Probe-Based Chemistery Denaturation Annealing Polymerization. Polymerization Completed R Q 3 forward primer 3 R----- Reporter Q----- Quencher

35 TaqMan Probe-Based Chemistery Denaturation Annealing R Polymerization. Polymerization Completed Q 3 forward primer 3 R----- Reporter Q----- Quencher

36 Real-Time PCR Principles Real-Time Amplification Plots Rn: Reporter Signal Cycle

37 SYBR green chemistry Double stranded DNA Binding Dye

38 SYBR Green detection Primer SYBR Green template Taq Polymerase

39 SYBR Green detection

40 SYBR Green detection

41 SYBR Green detection

42 SYBR Green detection

43 SYBR Green detection

44 CARRY-OVER PREVENTION WITH UNG

45 CARRY-OVER PREVENTION WITH UNG

46 CARRY-OVER PREVENTION WITH UNG

47 CARRY-OVER PREVENTION WITH UNG

48 CARRY-OVER PREVENTION WITH UNG

49 CARRY-OVER PREVENTION WITH UNG / AmpliTaq Gold TM ACTIVATION

50 CARRY-OVER PREVENTION WITH UNG / AmpliTaq Gold TM CYCLING

51 CARRY-OVER PREVENTION WITH UNG / AmpliTaq Gold TM CYCLING

52 CARRY-OVER PREVENTION WITH UNG / AmpliTaq Gold TM CYCLING

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73 please wait for Q&A

74 Mohamed Abdel Fattah Senior Technical Specialist Scientific Support - Molecular Biology Dept. AnalysisAB Co. Mobile: analysis@analysis-ab.com

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