Chapter 8 DNA Recognition in Prokaryotes by Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs
|
|
- Emery Joseph
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 8 DNA Recognition in Prokaryotes by Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs 1. Helix-turn-helix proteins 2. Zinc finger proteins 3. Leucine zipper proteins 4. Beta-scaffold factors 5. Others
2 λ-repressor AND CRO
3 A molecular mechanism for genetic switch Bacteriophage λ: A temperate bacteriophage infecting E. coli Phage Phage DNA The phage injects its DNA. Bacterial chromosome Phage DNA circularizes. Daughter cell with prophage Occasionally, a prophage exits the bacterial chromosome, initiating a lytic cycle. Cell divisions produce population of bacteria infected with the prophage. The cell lyses, releasing phages. Lytic cycle Lytic cycle is induced or Lysogenic cycle is entered Lysogenic cycle Prophage The bacterium reproduces, copying the prophage and transmitting it to daughter cells. New phage DNA and proteins are synthesized and assembled into phages. Phage DNA integrates into the bacterial chromosome, becoming a prophage.
4 A molecular mechanism for genetic switch
5 Repressor and Cro proteins operate a prokaryotic genetic switch region ci: clear I Cro: Control of Repressor s Operator Lytic phase Turning off synthesis of Cro or activator for its own synthesis Turning off synthesis of repressor
6 Repressor and Cro proteins operate a prokaryotic genetic switch region Palindrome: the same forward as it is backward Examples: RACECAR, OTTO EcoRI DNA: read base pairs Examples: Restriction enzyme recognition sequences
7 Repressor and Cro proteins operate a prokaryotic genetic switch region Palindromic sequences: 8 bp per a monomer Sequence information shows a pseudo 2-fold symmetry
8 The x-ray structure of the complete lambda Cro protein is known
9 Dimeric structure of N-terminal domain of lambda repressor
10 Structure of C-terminal domain of lambda repressor K192 S149 Residues for self-cleavage Residues mediating dimerization [Bell et al., Cell (2000)]
11 Lambda repressor C-terminal domain forms tetramers in the crystal [Bell et al., Cell (2000)]
12
13 (Lysogenic promoter) (Lytic promoter)
14 Both lambda Cro and repressor proteins have a specific DNA-binding motif
15 Model building predicts Cro-DNA interactions 34 Å apart between two α3 helices in a dimer 10 bp apart DNA recognition helix (α3) / stabilizing helix (α2)
16 Genetic studies agree with the structural model Altered DNA binding specificity by redesigning recognition helix (by Mark Ptashne's group at Harvard) Recognition helix swap between repressor and Cro changes in the binding affinity Changes in a single amino acid of repressor between 434 and P22 phage engineered 434 repressor binds to P22 operator, not to 434 operator
17
18 PROKARYOTIC DNA BINDING PROTEINS
19 The structures of DNA-binding domain are very similar (434 Cro vs 434 repressor: 48% sequence identity) (434 Cro vs lambda repressor: 26% sequence identity) 434 Cro lambda repressor 434 repressor Monomer in solution Dimer complexed with DNA
20 The proteins impose precise distortions on the B-DNA in the complexes DNA helix axis bent toward a repressor Normal B-DNA Distorted DNA complexed with 434 Cro & repressor
21 Sequence specific protein-dna interactions recognize operator regions Recognition helix A major groove H-bonding / hydrophobic interaction (Q28 & Q29 form H-bonds to A1-C2) / (methyl-group on T)
22 Protein-DNA backbone interactions determine DNA conformation
23 Main features of the interactions between DNA and the helix-turn-helix motif in DNA binding protein
24 DNA binding is regulated by allosteric control Binding of the small molecules (i.e., allosteric effectors) to the sites quite different from the functional binding sites of repressor or activator causes the conformational changes
25 w/o Trp, repressor is inactive turn on operon for the synthesis of Trp w Trp, repressor is active turn off operon Major groove binding of α5 via water-mediated interactions Structural changes by the binding of Trp into a pocket Inactive (28-29 Å between two α5 helices) active (34 Å) Binding of Trp to the cavity alters the orientation of α5 helices
26 LAC REPRESSOR
27 Lac repressor (LacI : 360 residues negative regulator) In the absence of lactose, Lac repressor binds to an OR site [RNAP can t bind to the site, hence operon is off] In the presence of inducer (lactose or IPTG), repressor-effector complex no longer binds to the OR site [Operon is on] Four domains in monomer (HTH - hinge helix - core domains -tetramerization domain)
28 E. coli lac operon: review
29 Inducer of Lac repressor Lactose (galactose-(β1->4)-glucose) Allolactose (galactose-(β1->6)-glucose) IPTG (isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside) A molecular mimic of allolactose
30 Tetrameric Lac repressor binds to both the major and the minor grooves inducing a sharp bend in the DNA Each dimer binds to the separated palindromic DNA sequence
31 Tetrameric Lac repressor binds to both the major and the minor grooves inducing a sharp bend in the DNA - Major (HTH) & minor (hinge helix) groove binding (seq. specific) - HTH binding as were seen in Cro and repressor in a phage - Hinge helix: Leu opens up the minor groove and DNA is bent away from the protein
32 CATABOLITE GENE ACTIVATING PROTEIN
33 CAP-induced DNA bending could activate transcription 40 O kink 40 O kink
34
Regulation of gene expression. (Lehninger pg )
Regulation of gene expression (Lehninger pg. 1072-1085) Today s lecture Gene expression Constitutive, inducible, repressible genes Specificity factors, activators, repressors Negative and positive gene
More information7.1 The lac Operon 7-1
7.1 The lac Operon The lac operon was the first operon discovered It contains 3 genes coding for E. coli proteins that permit the bacteria to use the sugar lactose Galactoside permease (lacy) which transports
More informationChapter 14 Regulation of Transcription
Chapter 14 Regulation of Transcription Cis-acting sequences Distance-independent cis-acting elements Dissecting regulatory elements Transcription factors Overview transcriptional regulation Transcription
More informationGene regulation II Biochemistry 302. Bob Kelm March 1, 2004
Gene regulation II Biochemistry 302 Bob Kelm March 1, 2004 Lessons to learn from bacteriophage λ in terms of transcriptional regulation Similarities to E. coli Cis-elements (operator elements) are adjacent
More informationDNA & DNA : Protein Interactions BIBC 100
DNA & DNA : Protein Interactions BIBC 100 Sequence = Information Alphabet = language L,I,F,E LIFE DNA = DNA code A, T, C, G CAC=Histidine CAG=Glutamine GGG=Glycine Protein = Protein code 20 a.a. LIVE EVIL
More informationGenetics - Problem Drill 13: The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
Genetics - Problem Drill 13: The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes No. 1 of 10 1. You have a cell where the lac repressor has a mutation that doesn t bind lactose. The cells are cultured in a low-glucose,
More informationG. DNA-BINDING PROTEINS & REGULATION
G. DNA-BINDING PROTEINS & REGULATION The Central Dogma, Etc. Information Flow Although there are many exceptions to the rule, the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology hits on a core truth (Figure G.1) DNA
More informationTranscription in Prokaryotes. Jörg Bungert, PhD Phone:
Transcription in Prokaryotes Jörg Bungert, PhD Phone: 352-273-8098 Email: jbungert@ufl.edu Objectives Understand the basic mechanism of transcription. Know the function of promoter elements and associating
More informationGENE REGULATION IN PROKARYOTES
GENE REGULATION IN PROKARYOTES Prepared by Brenda Leady, University of Toledo Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Gene regulation refers to
More informationGene Expression and Regulation - 1
Gene Expression and Regulation - 1 We have been discussing the molecular structure of DNA and its function in DNA replication and in transcription. Earlier we discussed how genes interact in transmission
More informationBig Idea 3C Basic Review
Big Idea 3C Basic Review 1. A gene is a. A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein. b. A sequence of amino acids that codes for a protein. c. A sequence of codons that code for nucleic acids. d. The end
More informationSynthetic cells: do bacteria need all its genes? No.
NO NEED TO REFER TO THE SLIDES. بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم Do we need all the non coding regions of the DNA? Two weeks ago, they discovered that the genome of a plant is very small (recall that plant genome
More informationMolecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 09: Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
Molecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 09: Gene Expression in Prokaryotes Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which of the following statements about gene expression in prokaryotes is correct? Question #1 (A) In prokaryotes,
More informationControl of Gene Expression
Control of Gene Expression 1 How Gene Regulation Works 2 Control of Gene Expression Controlling gene expression is often accomplished by controlling transcription initiation Regulatory proteins bind to
More informationStructure/function relationship in DNA-binding proteins
PHRM 836 September 22, 2015 Structure/function relationship in DNA-binding proteins Devlin Chapter 8.8-9 u General description of transcription factors (TFs) u Sequence-specific interactions between DNA
More informationGene Regulation in Eukaryotes
Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes The latest estimates are that a human cell, a eukaryotic cell, contains 20,000 25,000 genes. Some of these are expressed in all cells all the time. These so-called housekeeping
More informationLecture Series 10 The Genetics of Viruses and Prokaryotes
Lecture Series 10 The Genetics of Viruses and Prokaryotes The Genetics of Viruses and Prokaryotes A. Using Prokaryotes and Viruses for Genetic Experiments B. Viruses: Reproduction and Recombination C.
More informationLac Operon contains three structural genes and is controlled by the lac repressor: (1) LacY protein transports lactose into the cell.
Regulation of gene expression a. Expression of most genes can be turned off and on, usually by controlling the initiation of transcription. b. Lactose degradation in E. coli (Negative Control) Lac Operon
More informationRegulation of Gene Expression
Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression Edited by Shawn Lester PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley
More informationGene Expression Prokaryotes and Viruses. BIT 220 Chapter 23
Gene Expression Prokaryotes and Viruses BIT 220 Chapter 23 Types of Regulatory Mechanisms Rapid turn-on and turn off of gene expression (responds to some external source Expression of a cascade of gene
More informationChapter 18 Review Page 1
hapter 18 Review Page 1 1 In this diagram of a virus, the pointer is indicating the virus's capsid. genome. envelope. mitochondria. microfilaments. 2 Viral N makes mrn by the process of lysis. infection.
More informationMolecular Genetics Techniques. BIT 220 Chapter 20
Molecular Genetics Techniques BIT 220 Chapter 20 What is Cloning? Recombinant DNA technologies 1. Producing Recombinant DNA molecule Incorporate gene of interest into plasmid (cloning vector) 2. Recombinant
More informationGenetics Lecture Notes Lectures 17 19
Genetics Lecture Notes 7.03 2005 Lectures 17 19 Lecture 17 Gene Regulation We are now going to look at ways that genetics can be used to study gene regulation. The issue is how cells adjust the expression
More informationGene Expression. Lesson 6
Gene Expression Lesson 6 Regulation of gene expression Gene regulation turning on or off specific genes depending on the requirements of an organism Housekeeping genes are always switched on (vital life
More informationGreen Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Purification. Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography
Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Purification Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography What is the GFP gene? GFP is a green fluorescent protein that is normally found in jellyfish. It has been engineered
More informationREGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION
REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION Each cell of a living organism contains thousands of genes. But all genes do not function at a time. Genes function according to requirements of the cell. Genes control the
More informationMCB 110:Biochemistry of the Central Dogma of MB. MCB 110:Biochemistry of the Central Dogma of MB
MCB 110:Biochemistry of the Central Dogma of MB Part 1. DNA replication, repair and genomics (Prof. Alber) Part 2. RNA & protein synthesis. Prof. Zhou Part 3. Membranes, protein secretion, trafficking
More informationThe Structure and Genetic Map of Lambda phage
NPTEL Biotechnology - Systems Biology The Structure and Genetic Map of Lambda phage Dr. M. Vijayalakshmi School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA University Joint Initiative of IITs and IISc Funded
More informationRawan Almujaibel Anas Abu-Humaidan
8 Rawan Almujaibel...... Anas Abu-Humaidan In the previous lecture the Dr. talked about DNA structure and their 4 types of nitrogen bases. Then he talked about bacterial DNA (chromosomes) and their replication
More informationName Biol Group Number. ALE 11. The Genetics of Viruses, Control of Gene Expression, and Recombinant DNA Technology
Name Biol 211 - Group Number ALE 11. The Genetics of Viruses, Control of Gene Expression, and Recombinant DNA Technology Chapter 19: The Genetics of Viruses (pp. 381-395, Biology by Campbell/Reece, 8 th
More informationChapter 25: Regulating Eukaryotic Transcription The Ligand Responsive Activators
Chapter 25: Regulating Eukaryotic Transcription The Ligand Responsive Activators At least 5 potential gene expression control points Superfamily of Gene Regulators Activation of gene structure Initiation
More informationThe Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria I. A virus is a genome enclosed in a protective coat. A. Viruses are not cells. They are infectious particles consisting of nucleic acid encased in a protein coat and,
More informationChapter 13A: Viral Basics
Chapter 13A: Viral Basics 1. Viral Structure 2. The Viral Life Cycle 3. Bacteriophages 1. Viral Structure What exactly is a Virus? Viruses are extremely small entities that are obligate intracellular parasites
More informationRegulatory Dynamics in Engineered Gene Networks
Regulatory Dynamics in Engineered Gene Networks The Physico-chemical Foundation of Transcriptional Regulation with Applications to Systems Biology Mads Kærn Boston University Center for BioDynamics Center
More informationName 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene Test Date Study Guide You must know: The structure of DNA. The major steps to replication.
Name 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene Test Date Study Guide You must know: The structure of DNA. The major steps to replication. The difference between replication, transcription, and translation. How
More informationGENE REGULATION. Gene regulation occurs at the level of transcription or production of mrna
GENE REGULATION Virtually every cell in your body contains a complete set of genes But they are not all turned on in every tissue Each cell in your body expresses only a small subset of genes at any time
More informationREGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION
REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION Each cell of a living organism contains thousands of genes. But all genes do not function at a time. Genes function according to requirements of the cell. Genes control the
More informationChem 465 Biochemistry II
Chem 465 Biochemistry II Name: 2 points Multiple choice (4 points apiece): 1. Which of the following is not true of trna molecules? A) The 3'-terminal sequence is -CCA. B) Their anticodons are complementary
More informationGenetic Parts in Bacterial Gene Expression
Genetic Parts in Bacterial Gene Expression The Focus Promoters Operators Transcription Factors Transcriptional Terminators Ribosome Binding Sites An Abstract Annotation We ll Pay Particular Attention To:
More information2 nd year Medical Students - JU Bacterial genetics. Dr. Hamed Al Zoubi Associate Professor of Medical Microbiology. MBBS / J.U.S.
2 nd year Medical Students - JU Bacterial genetics Dr. Hamed Al Zoubi Associate Professor of Medical Microbiology. MBBS / J.U.S.T MSc, PhD/ UK Bacterial genetics ILOs: bacterial genome and replication
More informationCHAPTER 13 LECTURE SLIDES
CHAPTER 13 LECTURE SLIDES Prepared by Brenda Leady University of Toledo To run the animations you must be in Slideshow View. Use the buttons on the animation to play, pause, and turn audio/text on or off.
More informationBACTERIOPHAGES: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF BACTERIAL VIRUSES
BACTERIOPHAGES: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF BACTERIAL VIRUSES Bacteriophage (phage) are obligate intracellular parasites that multiply inside bacteria by making use of some or all of the host biosynthetic
More informationPART FOUR - ANSWERS PART FOUR: GENE REGULATION ANSWERS. Answers to questions from Chapter 15 on Positive and negative control of the lac operon
PART FOUR: GENE REGULATION ANSWERS Answers to questions from Chapter 15 on Positive and negative control of the lac operon 15.1 laci, lacz, lacy, laca 15.2 The lac operon is negatively regulated by a repressor,
More informationProkaryotic Transcription
Prokaryotic Transcription Contents 1 The Lactose Intolerance of Bacteria 2 The Lac Operon 3 Lac Operon Simulation 4 LacZ as a reporter gene The Lactose Intolerance of Bacteria The standard growth kinetics
More informationEnhancers. Activators and repressors of transcription
Enhancers Can be >50 kb away from the gene they regulate. Can be upstream from a promoter, downstream from a promoter, within an intron, or even downstream of the final exon of a gene. Are often cell type
More informationThe Regulation of Bacterial Gene Expression
The Regulation of Bacterial Gene Expression Constitutive genes are expressed at a fixed rate Other genes are expressed only as needed Inducible genes Repressible genes Catabolite repression Pre-transcriptional
More informationGene expression DNA RNA. Protein DNA. Replication. Initiation Elongation Processing Export. DNA RNA Protein. Transcription. Degradation.
Gene expression DNA RNA Protein DNA DNA Degradation RNA Degradation Protein Replication Transcription Translation Initiation Elongation Processing Export Initiation Elongation Processing Targeting Chapter
More informationCELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH. 7 - GENE EXPRESSION.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION BASICS Gene expression is the process through which cells selectively to express some genes and not others Every cell in an organism is a clone
More informationencodes a sigma factor to modify the recognition of the E.coli RNA polymerase (Several other answers would also be acceptable for each phage)
Name Student ID# Bacterial Genetics, BIO 4443/6443 Spring Semester 2001 Final Exam 1.) Different bacteriophage utilize different mechanisms to ensure that their own genes (and not host s genes) are transcribed
More informationM I C R O B I O L O G Y WITH DISEASES BY TAXONOMY, THIRD EDITION
M I C R O B I O L O G Y WITH DISEASES BY TAXONOMY, THIRD EDITION Chapter 7 Microbial Genetics Lecture prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, University of Tennessee, Knoxville The Structure and Replication
More informationChapter 15 Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes
Chapter 15 Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes 17-1 Sections to study 15.1 The elements of prokaryotic gene expression 15.2 Regulation of transcription initiation via DNA-binding proteins 15.3 RNA-mediated
More informationBIOLOGY 205 Midterm II - 19 February Each of the following statements are correct regarding Eukaryotic genes and genomes EXCEPT?
BIOLOGY 205 Midterm II - 19 February 1999 Name Multiple choice questions 4 points each (Best 12 out of 13). 1. Each of the following statements are correct regarding Eukaryotic genes and genomes EXCEPT?
More informationThe Lactose Intolerance of Bacteria
Contents 1 The Lactose Intolerance of Bacteria 2 The Lac Operon 3 Lac Operon Simulation 4 LacZ as a reporter gene 5 Blue-White Screening 6 References The Lactose Intolerance of Bacteria The standard growth
More information4/3/2013. DNA Synthesis Replication of Bacterial DNA Replication of Bacterial DNA
4/3/03 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Chapter 8 Microbial Genetics Terminology Genetics: The study of what genes are, how they carry information, how information is expressed, and how genes are replicated Gene: A segment
More informationThe Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria Molecular biology was born in the laboratories of microbiologists studying viruses and bacteria Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Biology, Seventh Edition Overview: Microbial
More informationBiotechnology Unit 3: DNA to Proteins. From DNA to RNA
From DNA to RNA Biotechnology Unit 3: DNA to Proteins I. After the discovery of the structure of DNA, the major question remaining was how does the stored in the 4 letter code of DNA direct the and of
More informationIn Chapter 12 we saw how DNA is transcribed into RNA by the
42636_16_p1-45 12/12/02 3:14 PM Page 1 H P T E R 16 ene Regulation in Prokaryotes In hapter 12 we saw how DN is transcribed into RN by the enzyme RN polymerase. We also described the sequence elements
More informationChapter 18. Viral Genetics. AP Biology
Chapter 18. Viral Genetics AP Biology What is a virus? Is it alive? DNA or RNA enclosed in a protein coat Viruses are not cells Extremely tiny electron microscope size smaller than ribosomes ~20 50 nm
More informationI. Prokaryotic Gene Regulation. Figure 1: Operon. Operon:
I. Prokaryotic Gene Regulation Figure 1: Operon Operon: a) Regulatory Elements consist of an Operator that serves as the on-off switch for the genes of the operon. Also contains a promoter for the Structural
More informationFig Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms. Their cells are much smaller and more simply organized that those of eukaryotes, such as plants and animals. Note the size differences. Viruses are smaller and simpler
More informationRNA does not adopt the classic B-DNA helix conformation when it forms a self-complementary double helix
Reason: RNA has ribose sugar ring, with a hydroxyl group (OH) If RNA in B-from conformation there would be unfavorable steric contact between the hydroxyl group, base, and phosphate backbone. RNA structure
More informationChapter 18: Regulation of Gene Expression. 1. Gene Regulation in Bacteria 2. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes 3. Gene Regulation & Cancer
Chapter 18: Regulation of Gene Expression 1. Gene Regulation in Bacteria 2. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes 3. Gene Regulation & Cancer Gene Regulation Gene regulation refers to all aspects of controlling
More informationFrom DNA to Protein: Genotype to Phenotype
12 From DNA to Protein: Genotype to Phenotype 12.1 What Is the Evidence that Genes Code for Proteins? The gene-enzyme relationship is one-gene, one-polypeptide relationship. Example: In hemoglobin, each
More informationControl of Metabolic Processes
Control of Metabolic Processes Harriet Wilson, Lecture Notes Bio. Sci. 4 - Microbiology Sierra College As described earlier, the metabolic processes occurring within living organisms (glycolysis, respiration,
More informationChapter 8 From DNA to Proteins. Chapter 8 From DNA to Proteins
KEY CONCEPT Section 1 DNA was identified as the genetic material through a series of experiments. Griffith finds a transforming principle. Griffith experimented with the bacteria that cause pneumonia.
More informationReading for lecture 2
Reading for lecture 2 1. Structure of DNA and RNA 2. Information storage by DNA 3. The Central Dogma Voet and Voet, Chapters 28 (29,30) Alberts et al, Chapters 5 (3) 1 5 4 1 3 2 3 3 Structure of DNA and
More informationMarch 15, Genetics_of_Viruses_and_Bacteria_p5.notebook. smallest viruses are smaller than ribosomes. A virulent phage (Lytic)
Genetics_of_Viruses_and_Bacteria_p5.notebook smallest viruses are smaller than ribosomes Adenovirus Tobacco mosaic virus Bacteriophage Influenza virus envelope is derived from the host cell The capsids
More informationChapter 9. Weaver, 2/e. Mol Biol X107A.
Chapter 9. Weaver, 2/e. Mol Biol X107A. Ch 9. DNA-protein interactions in prokaryotes. A. Introduction... 1 B. Methodology... 2 C. Base-specific DNA-binding... 2 D. DNA structure -- variability and flexibility...
More informationDNA. Empty protein shell Phage. Radioactivity in liquid. Pellet. 3 Centrifuge the mixture so bacteria form a pellet at the bottom of the test tube.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: RELICATION, TRANSCITION, AND TRANSLATION Honors Biology 0 IMORTANT EXERIMENTS Frederick Griffith Described a transforming factor that could be transferred into a bacterial cell rocess
More informationGENE REGULATION slide shows by Kim Foglia modified Slides with blue edges are Kim s
GENE REGULATION slide shows by Kim Foglia modified Slides with blue edges are Kim s 2007-2008 Bacterial metabolism Bacteria need to respond quickly to changes in their environment STOP GO if they have
More informationIntroduction to Bioinformatics Online Course: IBT
Introduction to Bioinformatics Online Course: IBT Multiple Sequence Alignment Building Multiple Sequence Alignment Lec5: Interpreting your MSA Using Logos Using Logos - Logos are a terrific way to generate
More informationViruses 11/30/2015. Chapter 19. Key Concepts in Chapter 19
Chapter 19 Viruses Dr. Wendy Sera Houston Community College Biology 1406 Key Concepts in Chapter 19 1. A virus consists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat. 2. Viruses replicate only in host
More informationBi 8 Lecture 10. Ellen Rothenberg 4 February 2016
Bi 8 Lecture 10 Bacterial regulation, II Ellen Rothenberg 4 February 2016 Not all bacterial promoters use the same σ factors, and this provides added regulation capability Most sigma factors are related
More informationViruses. Chapter 19. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 19 Viruses PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright
More informationDNA Binding Domains: Structural Motifs. Effector Domain. Zinc Fingers. Zinc Fingers, continued. Zif268
DNA Binding Domains: Structural Motifs Studies of known transcription factors have found several motifs of protein design to allow sequence-specific binding of DNA. We will cover only three of these motifs:
More informationMolecular Biology: Gene cloning
Molecular Biology: Gene cloning Author: Prof Marinda Oosthuizen Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license. CLONING VECTORS The central component of a gene cloning experiment is the vector or
More informationChapter 8. Microbial Genetics
Chapter 8 Microbial Genetics Terminology Heredity = all the traits of a living organisms // traits are encoded in the genetic material of the cell Traits (coded information) also include antibiotic resistance
More informationEinführung in die Genetik
Einführung in die Genetik Prof. Dr. Kay Schneitz (EBio Pflanzen) http://plantdev.bio.wzw.tum.de schneitz@wzw.tum.de Prof. Dr. Claus Schwechheimer (PlaSysBiol) http://wzw.tum.de/sysbiol claus.schwechheimer@wzw.tum.de
More informationViruses. Chapter 19. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 19 Viruses PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright
More informationChapter 11: Regulation of Gene Expression
Chapter Review 1. It has long been known that there is probably a genetic link for alcoholism. Researchers studying rats have begun to elucidate this link. Briefly describe the genetic mechanism found
More informationProkaryotic Transcription
Prokaryotic Transcription Transcription Basics DNA is the genetic material Nucleic acid Capable of self-replication and synthesis of RNA RNA is the middle man Nucleic acid Structure and base sequence are
More informationMolecular Basis of Inheritance
Molecular Basis of Inheritance Question 1: Group the following as nitrogenous bases and nucleosides: Adenine, Cytidine, Thymine, Guanosine, Uracil and Cytosine. Answer Nitrogenous bases present in the
More informationBIOLOGY. Chapter 16 GenesExpression
BIOLOGY Chapter 16 GenesExpression CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 18 Gene Expression 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 16.1 Differential Gene Expression results
More informationPlease sign below if you wish to have your grades posted by the last five digits of your SSN
BIO 226R EXAM II (Sample) PRINT YOUR NAME SSN Please sign below if you wish to have your grades posted by the last five digits of your SSN Signature BIO 226R Exam II has 6 pages, and 27 questions. There
More informationM1 - Biochemistry. Nucleic Acid Structure II/Transcription I
M1 - Biochemistry Nucleic Acid Structure II/Transcription I PH Ratz, PhD (Resources: Lehninger et al., 5th ed., Chapters 8, 24 & 26) 1 Nucleic Acid Structure II/Transcription I Learning Objectives: 1.
More informationChapter 18. The Exciting World Of Bacterial Genetics
Chapter 18. The Exciting World Of Bacterial Genetics Why study bacterial genetics? Its an easy place to start history we know more about it systems better understood simpler genome good model for control
More informationDNA: The Genetic Material. Chapter 14. Genetic Material
DNA: The Genetic Material Chapter 14 Genetic Material Frederick Griffith, 1928 Streptococcus pneumoniae, a pathogenic bacterium causing pneumonia 2 strains of Streptococcus: - S strain virulent - R strain
More informationTopic 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene
Topic 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene Sabotage Inside Our Cells Viruses are invaders that sabotage our cells Viruses have genetic material surrounded by a protein coat and, in some cases, a membranous
More informationNucleic Acid Structure. Nucleic Acid Sequence Abbreviations. Sequence Abbreviations, con t.
BC 4054 Spring 2001 Chapter 11 & 12 Review Lecture otes Slide 1 ucleic Acid Structure Linear polymer of nucleotides Phosphodiester linkage between 3 and 5 positions See Figure 11.17 Slide 2 ucleic Acid
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Hamed Al Zoubi
number 3 Done by Neda a Baniata Corrected by Waseem Abu Obeida Doctor Hamed Al Zoubi Note: it is important to refer to slides. Bacterial genetics *The main concepts we will talk about in this lecture:
More informationResources. This lecture Campbell and Farrell's Biochemistry, Chapter 11
Transcription Resources This lecture Campbell and Farrell's Biochemistry, Chapter 11 2 Definition of a gene The entire nucleic acid sequence that is necessary for the synthesis of a functional polypeptide
More informationHmwk # 8 : DNA-Binding Proteins : Part II
The purpose of this exercise is : Hmwk # 8 : DNA-Binding Proteins : Part II 1). to examine the case of a tandem head-to-tail homodimer binding to DNA 2). to view a Zn finger motif 3). to consider the case
More informationIndependent Study Guide The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein (Chapter 7)
Independent Study Guide The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein (Chapter 7) I. General Principles (Chapter 7 introduction) a. Morse code distinct series of dots and dashes encode the 26 letters of the
More informationDNA Transcription. Dr Aliwaini
DNA Transcription 1 DNA Transcription-Introduction The synthesis of an RNA molecule from DNA is called Transcription. All eukaryotic cells have five major classes of RNA: ribosomal RNA (rrna), messenger
More information5. the transformation of the host cell. 2. reject the virus. 4. initiate an attack on the virus.
Version 001 Bacterial/Viral Genetics mahon (26) 1 This print-out should have 28 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page find all choices before answering. Holt Bio
More informationThe Genetic Material. Unit 6: DNA & Protein Synthesis
Unit 6: DNA & Protein Synthesis The Genetic Material How was DNA discovered to be the chemical unit of heredity? Scientists already knew that chromosomes played a role in heredity, but the chemical composition
More informationRead the question carefully before answering. Think before you write. If I can not read your handwriting, I will count the question wrong.
Name KEY Note Total points added up to only 98 points so everyone received 2 free points to make total points 100. Biology 201 (Genetics) Exam #3 23 November 2004 Read the question carefully before answering.
More informationChapter 8- Microbial Genetics
Chapter 8- Microbial Genetics Chapter 2 Preview p. 47-49 I. Nucleic acids- DNA and RNA fig 2.16 A. Nucleotides- the building blocks of heredity molecules DNA and RNA (nucleic acids) a. Sugar- deoxyribose
More informationλ s Cro Molecule CI 2 Bound to O R 3 Turns Off P RM Basal Versus Activated Rate CI 2 Bound to O R 2 Turns On P RM P R Active When O R Sites Are Empty
Phage λ ECE/CS/BioEn 6760 Modeling and Analysis of Biological etworks Chris J. Myers Lecture 4: Phage λ: A Simple Genetic Circuit In 1953, Lwoff et al. discovered that a strain of E. Coli when exposed
More informationChapter 18. Regulation of Gene Expression
Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression 2007-2008 Control of Prokaryotic (Bacterial) Genes 2007- Bacterial metabolism Bacteria need to respond quickly to changes in their environment STOP GO if they have
More information