Daily Agenda. Warm Up: Review. Translation Notes Protein Synthesis Practice. Redos

Transcription

1 Daily Agenda Warm Up: Review Translation Notes Protein Synthesis Practice Redos

2 1. What is DNA Replication? 2. Where does DNA Replication take place? 3. Replicate this strand of DNA into complimentary bases of DNA: A T G C G T 4. What is Transcription? 5. Where does Transcription take place? 6. Transcribe this strand of DNA into complimentary mrna A T G C G T Think Time

3 Shape? Double Helix Smaller Subunit? Backbone Components? Middle Component? Bair Pairing Rules? Name these parts: Phosphate Group Sugar Nucleotides Phosphate Group & Sugar Nitrogenous Bases A T, G - C Nitrogenous Base Review DNA Structure

4 What is DNA replication? Write the complimentary strand of DNA to the strand below: A G G C T A G A T T G G T C C G A T C T A A C C What is Transcription? -Write the complementary strand of mrna to the DNA strand below: A G G C T A G A T T G G U C C G A U C U A A C C Review

5 Transcription Recap DNA mrna Left nucleus & travels to the ribosome

6 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS B 4.4: Summarize the basic processes involved in protein synthesis Video: Protein Synthesis

7 Translation Purpose: interpreting the genetic message from mrna and building a protein Involves several molecules mrna Ribosome (rrna) trna Amino acids ***notice there are THREE types of RNA!

8 RNA molecules Messenger RNA (mrna): Function: carries the DNA message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm Ribosomal RNA (rrna): makes up the ribosome. Function: to assemble proteins according to the code that the mrna brings from the DNA. Transfer RNA (trna): Function: carries amino acids into the ribosome to be placed in the correct order to make the protein

9 Codons and Amino Acids mrna is read by the ribosome one codon (3 bases) at a time. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid which build proteins! The sequence of mrna nucleotides determines the order of the amino acids in a protein chain which distinguishes one protein from another in structure and function.

10 More on Codons There are 20 amino acids our bodies use to create proteins. Start codons tell the ribosome to START translation (beginning of gene) Stop codons tell the ribosome to STOP translation (ending of gene).

11 Mark off the codons in the mrna RNA: AUGUUCAAAGUAUAG AUG/ UUC/ AAA/ GUA/ UAG

12 Transfer RNA (trna) Function: Transfers the correct amino acid to the ribosome Clover-leaf shape trna have attachment site at one end for an amino acid Opposite end has three nucleotide bases called the anticodon

13 Transfer RNA (trna) amino acid attachment site methionine amino acid U A C anticodon

14 Codons and Anticodons The 3 bases of an anticodon are complementary to the 3 bases of a codon Example: mrna codon ACU trna Anticodon UGA UGA ACU

15 Overview mrna start codon A U G G G C U C C A U C G G C G C A U A A codon 1 codon 2 codon 3 codon 4 codon 5 codon 6 codon 7 protein methionine glycine serine isoleucine glycine alanine stop codon Primary structure of a protein aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6 peptide bonds

16 Function of ribosome: to assemble proteins according to the code that the mrna brings from the DNA. Large subunit P Site A Site Small subunit A U G mrna C U A C U U C G

17 Steps 1) The trna with its attached amino acid pairs to the codon of the mrna attached to a ribosome

18 Initiation aa1 aa2 anticodon hydrogen bonds 1-tRNA U A C A U G codon 2-tRNA G A U C U A C U U C G A mrna

19 2) When a second trna with its specific amino acid pairs to the next codon in a sequence, the attached amino acid breaks from the first trna & attaches to the amino acid of the second trna.

20 Elongation peptide bond aa1 aa2 aa3 anticodon hydrogen bonds 1-tRNA U A C A U G codon 2-tRNA 3-tRNA G A A G A U C U A C U U C G A mrna

21 3) The ribosome forms a peptide bond between the amino acids, and an amino acid chain begins to form.

22 aa1 aa2 peptide bond aa3 1-tRNA U A C (leaves) 2-tRNA 3-tRNA G A A G A U A U G C U A C U U C G A Ribosomes move over one codon mrna

23 4) The empty trna moves off & picks up another matching amino acid from the cytoplasm in the cell.

24 aa1 peptide bonds aa4 aa2 aa3 4-tRNA 2-tRNA 3-tRNA G C U A U G G A U G A A C U A C U U C G A A C U mrna

25 5) The sequence is repeated until the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mrna, which signals the end of protein synthesis.

26 aa1 peptide bonds aa2 aa3 aa4 G 2-tRNA A U (leaves) 3-tRNA 4-tRNA G C U G A A A U G C U A C U U C G A A C U Ribosomes move over one codon mrna

27 aa1 aa2 peptide bonds aa3 aa4 aa5 5-tRNA U G A 3-tRNA 4-tRNA G A A G C U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mrna

28 aa1 aa2 peptide bonds aa3 aa4 aa5 5-tRNA 3-tRNA G A A 4-tRNA G C U G C U A C U U C G A A C U Ribosomes move over one codon U G A mrna

29 aa4 aa5 aa199 Termination aa3 aa2 primary structure of a protein aa200 aa1 A C U mrna 200-tRNA C A U G U U terminator or stop codon U A G

30 End Product The Protein! aa2 The end products of protein synthesis is a primary structure of a protein A sequence of amino acid bonded together by peptide bonds aa3 aa4 aa5 aa199 aa1 aa200 30

31 31

32 The Genetic Code Use the code by reading from the center to the outside Example: AUG (mrna) codes for Methionine

33 Name the Amino Acids of the mrna GGG? UCA? CAU? GCA? AAA?

34 Read from center to the outside of circle to determine the amino acid that a codon codes for Example: AUG codes for Methionine How to read a Codon Chart 34

35 Name those Amino Acids AUG? UUC? AAA? GUA? UAG? 35

36 One More Thing 36 U C A G U Phe Phe Leu Leu Ser Ser Ser Ser Try Try STOP STOP Cys Cys STOP Trp U C A G C Leu Leu Leu Leu Pro Pro Pro Pro His His Gin Gin Arg Arg Arg Arg U C A G A Ile Ile Ile Met Thr Thr Thr Thr Asn Asn Lys Lys Ser Ser Arg Arg U C A G G Val Val Val Val Ala Ala Ala Ala Asp Asp Glu Glu Gly Gly Gly Gly U C A G

37 Transcription Translation 37

38 A: NUCLEUS D: TRNA B: MRNA C: RIBOSOME E: ANTICODON G: MRNA F: CODON 38

39 Practice Match the codons from the mrna strand with the codons on the codon chart to determine the correct sequence of amino acids in this protein: mrna: A U G U U C A A A G U A U A G

40 copyright cmassengale 40

41 Amino Acid Sequence mrna: A U G U U C A A A G U A U A G Methionine, Phenylalanine, Lysine, Valine, Stop 41

42 To Sum it All UP DNA makes proteins, but must use RNA as an inbetween, or a messenger We need proteins to make us who we are and do work for us DNA DNA is replication The entire set of DNA in a single cell is doubled Performed by enzymes Takes place in the NUCLEUS DNA RNA is transcription A single gene is transcribed into RNA Performed by enzymes Takes place in the NUCLEUS RNA protein is translation A single strand of mrna (copy of a gene) is translated into protein Performed by mrna, trna, and rrna Takes place in the CYTOPLASM

43 What Now? Practice for Protein Synthesis (page 132) Draw your human! Study Guide, Redo (Test and Lab Report) Last day for redos is the 13 th (Thursday) Quiz tomorrow on Transcription, DNA and RNA!!!!

44 Protein Synthesis First Base DNA, gene 8 TAC ACC AGA TAA ATC mrna codons trna anticodons Amino Acids (words) AUG UGG UCU AUU UAG UAC ACC AGA UAA AUC YOU don t have freckles stop Second Base A G U C A G U C green have are girl A green Have are boy G blue Have STOP STOP U blue Have STOP don t C hair black eyes blonde A hair Black nose blonde G hair Black lips blonde U hair Black eyebro ws blonde C freckles Curly brown a A red Curly brown a G red Straight girl gray U You Wavy boy gray C thin hazel dimples brown A copyright cmassengale 44 thin hazel small brown G Third Base

45 First Base A G U C Second Base A G U C green have are girl A green Have are boy G blue Have STOP STOP U blue Have STOP don t C hair black eyes blonde A hair Black nose blonde G hair Black lips blonde U hair Black eyebrows blonde C freckles Curly brown a A red Curly brown a G red Straight girl gray U You Wavy boy gray C thin hazel dimples brown A thin hazel small brown G thick freckles medium brown U thick dimples large brown C copyright cmassengale 45 Third Base

46 Daily Agenda Study for your Quiz today! Review, Quiz Concept Map Grades. REDOS!!!! Codon Chart/Wheel FINISH Human!!! Bug Project Redos Study Guide.