Four different segments of a DNA molecule are represented below.
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1 Four different segments of a DNA molecule are represented below. There is an error in the DNA in which molecule? A. segment 1 only B. segment 3 only C. segment 2 and 3 D. segment 2 and 4
2 Explain the basic processes of transcription and translation. Explain how both transcription and translation result in the expression of genes. Explain how mutations may or may not result in a phenotypic change. Essential Question: Why is the sequence of nucleotides in DNA molecules so important?
3 Use the following decoder to decipher Record the code and your sentence. 1) TCGGACTACCGA 2) AGCCTTTACGGG 3) CCATACACCCAT GAC = Teacher CGA = Awesome CAT = Cool TCG = Your TAC = Is UCC = The GGG = School TAC = High CTT = Side AGC =West CCA = Biology ACC = So
4 DNA Deoxyribose sugar Nucleotides: A, C, T, G Shape: doublestranded RNA Ribose sugar Nucleotides: A, C, U, G Shape: singlestranded
5 DNA can code for many different proteins. We need proteins to make up most of our bodies. We also need special helpers to decode the DNA.
6 Imagine you are an architect of a very special building, would you let your only set of blue prints leave with the builder? Process of Transcription: Because of this, DNA does not leave the nucleus, so in order to make proteins, RNA must be made. RNA = ribonucleic acid (translation of DNA) DNA is being transcribed
7 1. DNA 2. Transcription 3. RNA 4. Translation 5. Proteins
8 1.RNA polymerase recognizes the start site of a gene and begins to unwind the DNA
9 2.RNA polymerase reads 1 side of the DNA template and builds a strand of RNA nucleotides
10 3.The RNA strand detaches completely once the entire gene is transcribed
11 4.DNA Molecule 5.Nucleotides 6.Newly Synthesized RNA Strand 7.RNA Polymerase
12
13 Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)
14 DNA 1. GAATTACA 2. CCAATTAG 3. ATAGACAG 4. CCAGTACA RNA 1.CUUAAUGU 2.GGUUAAUC 3.UAUCUGUC 4.GGUCAUGU
15 Name Function Picture of it 1. Messenger RNA (mrna) 2. Ribosomal RNA(rRNA) Carries information found in DNA out of the nucleus to the ribosomes so that proteins can be made What ribosomes are made up of; it gives the mrna a place to attach to during translation 3. Transfer RNA (trna) Brings amino acids to the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein
16
17 Let s practice transcription! I ll give you one strand of DNA, and you complete the complementary strand of RNA. (Remember, in RNA replace A with U). 1. DNA strand: ATT AGG CCG GAT TAG CCT ATT RNA strand: UAA UCC G 2. DNA strand: ATT GCA TTA TCG ATT ATC CTA RNA strand:
18 1.DNA strand: ATT AGG CCG GAT TAG CCT ATT RNA strand:uaa UCC GGC CUA AUC GGA UAA 2. DNA strand: ATT GCA TTA TCG ATT ATC CTA RNA strand: UAA CGU AAU AGC UAA UAG GAU
19 DNA BOTH RNA
20 Sort the following bullets into the category it should go into the chart you just made. contains genetic information double stranded single stranded A=U A=T used in DNA Replication uses the sugar ribose uses the sugar deoxyribose used in transcription Can leave the nucleus cannot leave the nucleus made up of phosphates, sugars and nitrogen bases use G, C and A
21 double stranded A=T uses the sugar deoxyribose cannot leave the nucleus used in DNA Replication -both are used in transcription -made up of phosphates, sugars and nitrogen bases -contain genetic information -use G, C and A single stranded A=U uses the sugar ribose Can leave the nucleus used in translation
22 DNA and Protein Synthesis Codons and amino acids Name the Amino Acid: Tyrosine Proline Serine Alanine UAU CCG AGU GCA
23 1. The base composition of a virus was found to be 11% A, 32% G, 18% U and 39% C. Is this the DNA or RNA of the virus? How can you tell? Is it single-stranded or double-stranded? How can you tell? 2. Transcribe the following DNA Strand: *ACTGGCTAGATGCAT 3. What is the role of messenger RNA? a) To bring the DNA message to the mitochondrion b) To bring the trna message to the nucleus c) To bring the DNA message to the ribosome d) To take amino acids to the ribosome
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