Page 3. 18) The diagram below illustrates some key steps of a procedure in one area of biotechnology.

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Name: 1117 1 Page 1 1) A small amount of DNA was taken from a fossil of a mammoth found frozen in glacial ice.

1 Name: Page 1 1) A small amount of DNA was taken from a fossil of a mammoth found frozen in glacial ice. Genetic technology can be used to produce a large quantity of identical DNA from this mammoth's DNA. In this technology, the original DNA sample is used to A) provide fragments to replace certain human body chemicals B) trigger mitosis to obtain new base sequences C) act as a template for repeated replication D) stimulate differentiation in other mammoth cells 2) "Dolly" is a sheep developed from an egg cell of her mother that had its nucleus replaced by a nucleus from a body cell of her mother. As a result of this technique, Dolly is A) able to have a longer lifespan B) genetically identical to her mother C) no longer able to reproduce D) unable to mate 3) A woman has a gene that causes a visual disorder. To prevent the disorder from appearing in future generations, the defective gene would have to be repaired in the mother's A) eye B) nervous system C) reproductive cells D) uterus 4) Scientists have cloned sheep, but have not yet cloned a human. The best explanation for this situation is that A) cloning humans would take too long B) there are many ethical problems involved in cloning humans C) the technology to clone humans has not been explored D) human reproduction is very different from that of other mammals 5) Which statement best describes the result of some of the processes involved in genetic engineering? A) They alter the arrangement of hereditary material. B) They are necessary for normal gamete formation. C) They reduce variation in organisms that reproduce asexually. D) They provide energy for mitosis and meiosis. 6) The insertion of a human DNA fragment into a bacterial cell might make it possible for A) the cloning of this type of bacteria B) the cloning of the human that donated that DNA fragment C) the bacterial cell to produce a human protein D) humans to become immune to an infection by this type of bacteria 7) The diagram below illustrates some key steps of a procedure in one area of biotechnology. The letter X most likely represents A) bacterial cells that are unable to synthesize insulin B) bacterial cells that are able to synthesize insulin C) human cells that are able to synthesize antibodies D) human cells that are unable to resist antibiotics 8) A crop of white potatoes is grown by placing pieces of potato in the ground. This method of reproduction is most similar to A) zygote B) sexual reproduction C) cloning D) genetic engineering 9) The nucleus is removed from a body cell of one organism and is placed in an egg cell that has had its nucleus removed. This process, which results in the production of organisms that are genetically alike, is known as A) fertilization B) DNA production C) cloning D) biological adaptation

2 10) M any diabetics are now using insulin that was made by certain bacteria. The ability of these bacteria to produce insulin was most likely the result of A) inserting a portion of human DNA into the ring shaped DNA of bacteria B) deleting many DNA segments from bacterial DNA C) genetic mapping of bacterial DNA to activate the gene for insulin production D) using radiation to trigger mutations Page 2 11) The gene for the production of human insulin is inserted into certain bacterial cells. The offspring of these bacterial cells will most likely be able to A) destroy pathogens B) form human tissue C) synthesize this hormone D) reproduce sexually 12) One way to produce large numbers of genetically identical offspring is by A) fertilization B) inserting a DNA segment into a different DNA molecule C) cloning D) changing genes by agents such as radiation or chemicals 13) A small amount of DNA was taken from a fossil of a mammoth found frozen in glacial ice. Genetic technology can be used to produce a large quantity of identical DNA from this mammoth's DNA. In this technology, the original DNA sample is used to A) act as a template for repeated replication B) trigger mitosis to obtain new base sequences C) stimulate differentiation in other mammoth cells D) provide fragments to replace certain human body chemicals 14) A woman has a gene that causes a visual disorder. To prevent the disorder from appearing in future generations, the defective gene would have to be repaired in the mother's A) reproductive cells B) eye C) nervous system D) uterus 15) People with cystic fibrosis inherit defective genetic information and cannot produce normal CFTR proteins. Scientists have used gene therapy to insert normal DNA segments that code for the missing CFTR protein into the lung cells of people with cystic fibrosis. Which statement does not describe a result of this therapy? A) Altered lung cells can produce the normal CFTR protein. B) Offspring of someone with altered lung cells will inherit the normal CFTR gene. C) Altered lung cells can divide to produce other lung cells with the normal CFTR gene. D) The normal CFTR gene may be expressed in altered lung cells. 16) In an experiment, DNA from dead pathogenic bacteria was transferred into living bacteria that do not cause disease. These altered bacteria were then injected into healthy mice. These mice died of the same disease caused by the original pathogens. Based on this information, which statement would be a valid conclusion? A) DNA from a dead organism can become active in another organism. B) DNA is present only in living organisms. C) DNA functions only in the original organism of which it was a part. D) DNA changes the organism receiving the injection into the original organism. 17) The insertion of a human DNA fragment into a bacterial cell might make it possible for A) humans to become immune to an infection by this type of bacteria B) the cloning of this type of bacteria C) the bacterial cell to produce a human protein D) the cloning of the human that donated that DNA fragment

3 18) The diagram below illustrates some key steps of a procedure in one area of biotechnology Page 3 The letter X most likely represents A) human cells that are able to synthesize antibodies B) human cells that are unable to resist antibiotics C) bacterial cells that are unable to synthesize insulin D) bacterial cells that are able to synthesize insulin 19) "Dolly" is a sheep developed from an egg cell of her mother that had its nucleus replaced by a nucleus from a body cell of her mother. As a result of this technique, Dolly is A) able to have a longer lifespan B) genetically identical to her mother C) no longer able to reproduce D) unable to mate 20) Which statement best describes the result of some of the processes involved in genetic engineering? A) They alter the arrangement of hereditary material. B) They are necessary for normal gamete formation. C) They provide energy for mitosis and meiosis. D) They reduce variation in organisms that reproduce asexually. 21) The gene for the production of human insulin is inserted into certain bacterial cells. The offspring of these bacterial cells will most likely be able to A) reproduce sexually B) form human tissue C) destroy pathogens D) synthesize this hormone 22) From a single monkey, an animal breeder claims that he has successfully cloned two monkeys. He displays the two monkeys, a male and a female, to the public. The claim of the breeder should be rejected because the monkeys A) developed from more than one sperm cell B) are twins C) are of two different sexes D) have the same parents 23) M any diabetics are now using insulin that was made by certain bacteria. The ability of these bacteria to produce insulin was most likely the result of A) deleting many DNA segments from bacterial DNA B) inserting a portion of human DNA into the ring shaped DNA of bacteria C) genetic mapping of bacterial DNA to activate the gene for insulin production D) using radiation to trigger mutations 24) The nucleus is removed from a body cell of one organism and is placed in an egg cell that has had its nucleus removed. This process, which results in the production of organisms that are genetically alike, is known as A) DNA production B) fertilization C) biological adaptation D) cloning 25) Enzymes are used in moving sections of DNA that code for insulin from the pancreas cells of humans into a certain type of bacterial cell. This bacterial cell will reproduce, giving rise to offspring that are able to form A) enzymes that digest insulin B) a new type of insulin 26) Cloning an individual usually produces organisms that A) contain dangerous mutations B) produce enzymes different from the parent C) human insulin D) antibodies against insulin C) contain identical genes D) are identical in appearance and behavior

4 27) A great deal of information can now be obtained about the future health of people by examining the genetic makeup of their cells. There are concerns that this information could be used to deny an individual health insurance or employment. These concerns best illustrate that A) scientific inquiry involves the collection of information from a large number of sources B) while science provides knowledge, values are essential to making ethical decisions using this knowledge C) acquiring too much knowledge in human genetics will discourage future research in that area D) scientific explanations depend upon evidence collected from a single source 28) Scientists have cloned sheep, but have not yet cloned a human. The best explanation for this situation is that A) the technology to clone humans has not been explored B) there are many ethical problems involved in cloning humans C) cloning humans would take too long D) human reproduction is very different from that of other mammals 29) The diagrams below represent some steps in a procedure used in biotechnology Page 4 Letters X and Y represent the A) hormones that stimulate the replication of bacterial DNA B) gases needed to produce the energy required for gene manipulation C) biochemical catalysts involved in the insertion of genes into other organisms D) hormones that trigger rapid mutation of genetic information 30) Individual cells can be isolated from a mature plant and grown with special mixtures of growth hormones to produce a number of genetically identical plants. This process is known as A) recombinant DNA technology B) meiotic division C) cloning D) selective breeding 31) A crop of white potatoes is grown by placing pieces of potato in the ground. This method of reproduction is most similar to A) zygote B) cloning C) sexual reproduction D) genetic engineering 32) The production of certain human hormones by genetically engineered bacteria results from A) combining a portion of human DNA with bacterial DNA and inserting this into bacteria B) inserting a specific group of amino acids into the bacteria C) crossing two different species of bacteria D) deleting a specific amino acid from human DNA and inserting it into bacterial DNA 33) Which sentence does not describe cells cloned from a carrot? A) They have identical chromosomes. B) They are produced sexually. C) They have the same DNA codes. D) They are genetically identical. 34) Research applications of the basic principles of genetics have contributed greatly to the rapid production of new varieties of plants and animals. Which activity is an example of such an application? A) selective breeding of plants and animals that exhibit high resistance to disease B) using natural predators to control insect pests C) developing new irrigation methods to conserve water D) testing new fertilizers on food crops 35) Which statement best describes human insulin that is produced by genetically engineered bacteria? A) This insulin will not function normally in humans because it is produced by bacteria. B) This insulin is produced as a result of exposing bacteria cells to radiation, which produces a mutation. C) This insulin may have fewer side effects than the insulin previously extracted from the pancreas of other animals. D) This insulin is produced as a result of human insulin being inserted into bacteria cells.

36) One way to produce large numbers of genetically identical offspring is by A) changing genes by agents such as radiation or chemicals B) fertilization C) inserting a DNA segment into a different

5 36) One way to produce large numbers of genetically identical offspring is by A) changing genes by agents such as radiation or chemicals B) fertilization C) inserting a DNA segment into a different DNA molecule D) cloning 37) To produce large tomatoes that are resistant to cracking and splitting, some seed companies use the pollen from one variety of tomato plant to fertilize a different variety of tomato plant. This process is an example of A) selective breeding B) direct harvesting C) cloning D) DNA sequencing 38) A product of genetic engineering technology is represented below Page 5 Which substance was needed to join the insulin gene to the bacterial DNA as shown? A) a specific carbohydrate B) a specific enzyme C) antibodies D) hormones 39) A biotechnology firm has produced tobacco plants that synthesize human antibodies that prevent bacterial diseases. One of the first steps in the production of these plants required A) inserting human DNA segments into the cells of tobacco plants B) growing tobacco plants in soil containing a specific fertilizer C) using selective breeding to increase the number of antibody genes in tobacco plants D) using natural selection to increase the survival of antibody producing tobacco plants 40) A gene that codes for resistance to glyphosate, a biodegradable weedkiller, has been inserted into certain plants. As a result, these plants will be more likely to A) survive when glyphosate is applied to them B) produce chemicals that kill weeds growing near them C) convert glyphosate into fertilizer D) die when exposed to glyphosate 41) One variety of strawberry is resistant to a damaging fungus, but produces small fruit. Another strawberry variety produces large fruit, but is not resistant to the same fungus. The two desirable qualities may be combined in a new variety of strawberry plant by A) direct harvesting B) cloning C) asexual reproduction D) selective breeding

3. A student performed a gel electrophoresis experiment. The results are represented in the diagram below.

3. A student performed a gel electrophoresis experiment. The results are represented in the diagram below. Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the statement below and on your knowledge of biology. Scientists have found a gene in the DNA of a certain plant that could be the key to increasing the amount